Apache Tomcat Server Administration Default/Hardcoded Credentials (HTTP)

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2015 SCHUTZWERK GmbH
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Improved code and additional detection routine / credentials research since 2016 Greenbone AG
# Some text descriptions might be excerpted from (a) referenced
# source(s), and are Copyright (C) by the respective right holder(s).
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later

CPE = "cpe:/a:apache:tomcat";

if(description)
{
  script_oid("1.3.6.1.4.1.25623.1.0.111013");
  script_version("2026-03-18T05:59:10+0000");
  # nb:
  # - Unlike in other VTs we're using the CVEs line by line here for easier addition of new CVEs /
  #   to avoid too large diffs when adding a new CVE
  # - CVE-2016-20026 wasn't added here on purpose as this is device specific and seems to only offer
  #   the "new" Basic Auth "/manager" interface
  script_cve_id("CVE-2009-3099",
                "CVE-2009-3548",
                "CVE-2009-3843",
                "CVE-2009-4188",
                "CVE-2009-4189",
                "CVE-2010-0557",
                "CVE-2010-4094"
               );
  script_name("Apache Tomcat Server Administration Default/Hardcoded Credentials (HTTP)");
  script_tag(name:"last_modification", value:"2026-03-18 05:59:10 +0000 (Wed, 18 Mar 2026)");
  script_tag(name:"creation_date", value:"2015-04-10 15:00:00 +0200 (Fri, 10 Apr 2015)");
  script_tag(name:"cvss_base", value:"10.0");
  script_tag(name:"cvss_base_vector", value:"AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_category(ACT_ATTACK);
  script_family("Default Accounts");
  script_copyright("Copyright (C) 2015 SCHUTZWERK GmbH");
  script_dependencies("gb_apache_tomcat_consolidation.nasl", "gb_default_credentials_options.nasl");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 8080);
  script_mandatory_keys("apache/tomcat/http/detected");
  script_exclude_keys("default_credentials/disable_default_account_checks");

  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-10-214/");
  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://web.archive.org/web/20210121192211/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36258");
  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://web.archive.org/web/20210121192951/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36954");
  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://web.archive.org/web/20210121193118/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/37086");
  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://web.archive.org/web/20210121194133/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/38084");
  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://web.archive.org/web/20210121205210/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/44172");
  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://web.archive.org/web/20210120183039/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/79264");
  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://web.archive.org/web/20210120183258/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/79351");
  script_xref(name:"URL", value:"https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-09-085/");

  script_tag(name:"summary", value:"The Apache Tomcat Server Administration is using default or
  known hardcoded credentials.");

  script_tag(name:"vuldetect", value:"Tries to login via HTTP using known default credentials.");

  script_tag(name:"impact", value:"This issue may be exploited by a remote attacker to gain access
  to sensitive information.");

  script_tag(name:"solution", value:"Change the password to a strong one or remove the user from
  tomcat-users.xml.");

  script_tag(name:"solution_type", value:"Mitigation");
  script_tag(name:"qod_type", value:"remote_app");

  script_timeout(600);

  exit(0);
}

if( get_kb_item( "default_credentials/disable_default_account_checks" ) )
  exit( 0 );

include("http_func.inc");
include("host_details.inc");
include("http_keepalive.inc");
include("misc_func.inc");

if( ! port = get_app_port( cpe:CPE, service:"www" ) )
  exit( 0 );

if( ! dir = get_app_location( cpe:CPE, port:port ) )
  exit( 0 );

admin_url = "/admin/";
res = http_get_cache( item:admin_url, port:port );
if( ! res || "JSESSIONID=" >!< res ||
    ( "Tomcat Server Administration" >!< res && "Tomcat Web Server Administration Tool" >!< res )
  ) {

  admin_url = "/admin/index.jsp";
  res = http_get_cache( item:admin_url, port:port );

  # nb: Some weird behavior in older installations (e.g. 4.x)
  if( res && res =~ "^HTTP/1\.[01] 30." && "/admin/login.jsp" >< res ) {
    admin_url = "/admin/login.jsp";
    res = http_get_cache( item:admin_url, port:port );
  }

  if( ! res || "JSESSIONID=" >!< res ||
      ( "Tomcat Server Administration" >!< res && "Tomcat Web Server Administration Tool" >!< res )
    ) {
    exit( 0 );
  }
}

# nb:
# - Keep in sync with 2012/apache/gb_tomcat_default_credentials.nasl
# - For exceptions see above / script_cve_id() on top
credentials = make_list(
  # Taken from:
  # - various example files / documentations
  # - https://github.com/netbiosX/Default-Credentials/blob/master/Apache-Tomcat-Default-Passwords.mdown
  # - https://www.ikkisoft.com/stuff/TomcatSec_LucaCarettoni.pdf
  # - CVEs / descriptions within them
  # - own research
  "admin:admin",
  "admin:changethis",
  "admin:password",
  "admin:Password1",
  "admin:password1",
  "admin:vagrant",
  "both:tomcat",
  "manager:manager",
  "password:password",
  "role:changethis",
  "role1:role1",
  "role1:tomcat",
  "role1:tomcat7",
  "root:changethis",
  "root:password",
  "root:Password1",
  "root:password1",
  "root:r00t",
  "root:root",
  "root:toor",

  # Oracle freaks
  "scott:tiger",

  "tomcat:admin",
  "tomcat:changethis",

  # Sun Solaris installation
  "tomcat:j5Brn9",

  "tomcat:none",
  "tomcat:password",
  "tomcat:Password1",
  "tomcat:password1",
  "tomcat:tomcat",
  "tomcatadmin:pwd",

  # https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-4094
  "ADMIN:ADMIN",

  # https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3548
  "admin:none",

  # https://github.com/seshendra/vagrant-ubuntu-tomcat7/blob/abd0a6c9cf08f8db642bde33ce7491259247ce18/manifests/default.pp#L49-L50
  "admin:tomcat",

  # https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4189, https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3099 and https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3843
  "ovwebusr:OvW*busr1",

  # https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-4188
  "j2deployer:j2deployer",

  # https://github.com/apache/tomcat/blob/2b8f9665dbfb89c78878784cd9b63d2b976ba623/webapps/manager/WEB-INF/jsp/403.jsp#L66
  "tomcat:s3cret",

  # https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-0557
  "cxsdk:kdsxc",

  # XAMPP from https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html
  "xampp:xampp",

  # QLogic QConvergeConsole from http://www.qlogic.com/
  "QCC:QLogic66",

  # OWASP Broken Web Applications Project
  "root:owaspbwa",

  # HAPI FHIR from http://hapifhir.io/
  "fhir:FHIRDefaultPassword",

  # Few shown at https://www.deepreflect.net/2009/07/18/miaoo-tomcat-su-debian/
  # nb: The "leo" one has been excluded, this seems to be too specific and just a not used example
  "tomcat:pwd",
  "both:pwd",
  "role1:pwd",
  "manager:pwd",

  # From page 27 of this:
  # https://cockpitci.itrust.lu/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/CockpitCI-D5.4-CockpitCI-System-Factory-Trials-Report.pdf
  "admin:cockpitcomm"
);

vuln = FALSE;
report = "";

foreach credential( credentials ) {

  # nb:
  # - No http_get_cache() as we want to grab a fresh cookie...
  # - It seems the cookie is getting invalidated on failed logins so we need to grab a new one for
  #   each try
  # - Some older versions acting quite weird, if the "admin_url" is "login.jsp" we need to query
  #   "index.jsp" first, grab the cookie from it and then query "login.jsp" with that cookie as
  #   otherwise we're getting a response like this on our POST request below:
  #   > HTTP/1.1 400 Invalid direct reference to form login page
  #   > *snip*
  #   > <u>The request sent by the client was syntactically incorrect (Invalid direct reference to form login page).</u>

  if( admin_url == "/admin/login.jsp" ) {
    req = http_get( item:"/admin/index.jsp", port:port );
    res = http_keepalive_send_recv( port:port, data:req, bodyonly:FALSE );

    cookie = eregmatch( pattern:"JSESSIONID=([0-9A-Z]+);", string:res );
    if( ! cookie[1] )
      continue;

    headers = make_array( "Cookie", "JSESSIONID=" + cookie[1] );

    req = http_get_req( port:port, url:admin_url, add_headers:headers, referer_url:admin_url );
    res = http_keepalive_send_recv( port:port, data:req, bodyonly:FALSE );

  } else {
    req = http_get( item:admin_url, port:port );
    res = http_keepalive_send_recv( port:port, data:req, bodyonly:FALSE );

    cookie = eregmatch( pattern:"JSESSIONID=([0-9A-Z]+);", string:res );
    if( ! cookie[1] )
      continue;
  }

  user_pass = split( credential, sep:":", keep:FALSE );

  user = chomp( user_pass[0] );
  pass = chomp( user_pass[1] );

  if( tolower( pass ) == "none" ) pass = "";

  data = string( "j_username=" + user + "&j_password=" + pass );
  url = "/admin/j_security_check;jsessionid=" + cookie[1];
  headers = make_array(
    "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
    "Cookie", "JSESSIONID=" + cookie[1]
  );

  req = http_post_put_req( port:port, url:url, data:data, add_headers:headers, referer_url:admin_url );
  res = http_keepalive_send_recv( port:port, data:req, bodyonly:FALSE );

  # e.g. this on a successful login:
  #
  # HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
  # Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
  # Location: http://<redacted>:8180/admin/
  #
  # vs. this on a failed:
  #
  # HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily
  # Location: http://<redacted>:8080/admin/error.jsp
  # Content-Type: text/plain
  # Content-Length: 0
  # Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 11:16:06 GMT
  # Server: Apache Coyote/1.0

  if( res && res =~ "^HTTP/1\.[01] 302" && "/admin/" >< res ) {

    if( egrep( string:res, pattern:"^[Ll]ocation\s*:.*/admin/error\.jsp", icase:FALSE ) )
      continue;

    if( res =~ "Location\s*.*/admin/index\.jsp" )
      url = "/admin/index.jsp";
    else
      url = "/admin/";

    headers = make_array( "Cookie", "JSESSIONID=" + cookie[1] );

    req = http_get_req( port:port, url:url, add_headers:headers, referer_url:admin_url );
    # nb: No need to check the response...
    http_keepalive_send_recv( port:port, data:req );

    # nb: There is also /admin/frameset.jsp but this has less useful detection pattern...
    url = "/admin/banner.jsp";
    req = http_get_req( port:port, url:url, add_headers:headers, referer_url:admin_url );
    res = http_keepalive_send_recv( port:port, data:req );

    # e.g. on 5.x:
    # <form method='post' action='/admin/commitChanges.do' target='_self'>
    # <form method='post' action='/admin/logOut.do' target='_top'>
    # <form name="setLocaleForm" method="POST" action="/admin/setLocale.do" target="_self">
    #
    # vs. this on 4.x:
    #
    # <form method='post' action='commitChanges.do' target='_self'>
    # <form method='post' action='logOut.do' target='_top'>
    # <form name="setLocaleForm" method="POST" action="/admin/setLocale.do" target="_self">
    #
    if( res && egrep( string:res, pattern:"action.+(/admin/|')(commitChanges|logOut|setLocale)\.do", icase:FALSE ) ) {

      if( pass == "" )
        pass_report = "an empty password";
      else
        pass_report = 'password "' + pass + '"';

      report += "It was possible to login into the Tomcat Server Administration at " + http_report_vuln_url( port:port, url:"/admin/index.jsp", url_only:TRUE ) + ' using user "' + user + '" with ' + pass_report + '\n\n';
      vuln = TRUE;
    }
  }
}

if( vuln ) {
  security_message( port:port, data:chomp( report ) );
  exit( 0 );
}

exit( 99 );