Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2026-110816

#%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80900
##
# (C) Tenable, Inc.
##

include('compat.inc');

if (description)
{
  script_id(366413);
  script_version("1.2");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2026/10/17");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2026-110816");

  script_name(english:"Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2026-110816");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed with a vulnerability that the vendor indicates will not be
patched.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed that are impacted by a vulnerability without a vendor supplied
patch available.

  - ### Summary `qs.stringify` with `arrayFormat: 'comma'` throws `TypeError: Cannot convert object to
    primitive value` when an array element cannot be coerced to a string, such as an object with an own non-
    callable `toString` (`{ toString: x }`) or a null-prototype object. The comma format joins array
    elements with `Array.prototype.join` and, under `encodeValuesOnly`, first passes each element through
    `String()` in `utils.encode`; neither guards against an element whose string coercion fails. ### Details
    In `lib/stringify.js`, the comma branch collapses the array with `obj.join(',')`. For an element whose own
    `toString` is not callable, `ToPrimitive` skips it, falls through to `Object.prototype.valueOf` (which
    returns the object itself), and throws. Under `encodeValuesOnly: true`, the same element first reaches
    `String(str)` in `utils.encode` (`lib/utils.js`) and throws there. Nested arrays (`{ a: [[{ toString:
    x }]] }`) throw the same way, through `Array.prototype.toString`. The `indices`, `brackets`, and
    `repeat` formats walk into object elements instead of coercing them, and are not affected. Such elements
    can come from untrusted input. `JSON.parse` produces `{ a: [{ toString: x }] }` with no qs option
    involved. `qs.parse(a[0][toString]=x, { allowPrototypes: true })` keeps the `toString` key, and
    `qs.parse(a[][b]=c, { plainObjects: true })` produces a null-prototype element; the default parse
    options drop `toString` and produce ordinary objects, which do not throw. Express 4's default `query
    parser`, Express 5's `extended` query parser, and body-parser's `urlencoded({ extended: true })` all call
    `qs.parse` with `allowPrototypes: true`. #### PoC ```js var qs = require(qs);
    qs.stringify(JSON.parse({\a\:[{\toString\:\x\}]}), { arrayFormat: comma });
    qs.stringify(qs.parse(a[0][toString]=x, { allowPrototypes: true }), { arrayFormat: comma });
    qs.stringify(qs.parse(a[][b]=c, { plainObjects: true }), { arrayFormat: comma, encodeValuesOnly: true
    }); // TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value ``` #### Fix Applied in a952e75 on `main` and
    released as v6.16.1: an element whose string coercion would fail is coerced to its primitive `valueOf`, if
    any, or else to `Object.prototype.toString`, so it renders as `[object Object]`, the same as any other
    object element already does under the comma format. Nested arrays are walked the way `join` walks them.
    Every input that did not previously throw serializes exactly as before, and a `toString` or `valueOf` that
    itself throws still propagates. ### Affected versions `>=6.7.0 <6.16.1`, fixed in v6.16.1. The `join` path
    was introduced with the comma format in b84acba and first shipped in v6.7.0; v6.6.x and earlier ignore
    `arrayFormat: 'comma'` and are not affected. The `encodeValuesOnly` `String()` site was introduced in
    4c4b23d (v6.11.1); before that, the same input throws at `join`. Every release from v6.7.0 through v6.16.0
    is affected. ### Impact An unauthenticated request can make any code path that re-serializes attacker-
    influenced data with `qs.stringify` and `arrayFormat: 'comma'` (for example, rebuilding a query string
    from `req.query` for a redirect or an upstream request, or serializing a parsed JSON body) throw
    synchronously. In a typical Node.js HTTP framework the throw is caught by the framework error boundary and
    the affected request returns a 500; the process survives and other requests are unaffected. Where the call
    runs outside an error boundary, such as an `async` Express 4 handler (where the throw becomes an unhandled
    promise rejection) or a bare `http` request handler, the process exits, so the impact in that case depends
    on the application error handling rather than on qs. The default `arrayFormat` (`indices`) is not
    affected. (CVE-2026-110816)

Note that Nessus relies on the presence of the package as reported by the vendor.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2026-110816");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2026-110816");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"There is no known solution at this time.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"unix");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:P");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:U/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:U/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss4_vector", value:"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss4_threat_vector", value:"CVSS:4.0/E:U");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2026-110816");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vendor_unpatched", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2026/10/14");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2026/10/16");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:14.04:-:lts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.04:-:lts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:18.04:-:lts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:20.04:-:lts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:22.04:-:lts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:24.04:-:lts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:26.04:-:lts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:12.0");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:13.0");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:debian:debian_linux:14.0");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:node-qs");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:debian:debian_linux:node-qs");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2026 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("ssh_get_info2.nasl", "set_linux_os_id.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Host/cpu", "Host/local_checks_enabled", "global_settings/vendor_unpatched", "Host/OS/identifier");
  script_require_ports("Host/OS/Debian Linux-12", "Host/OS/Debian Linux-13", "Host/OS/Debian Linux-14", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-14.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-16.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-18.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-20.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-22.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-24.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-26.04");

  exit(0);
}

if (!get_kb_item("global_settings/vendor_unpatched")) exit(0, "Unpatched Vulnerabilities Detection not active.");
if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
if (empty_or_null(get_one_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l"))) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);

include('linux_unpatched.inc');

var distro_constraints_array = {
  "Debian Linux-12": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "12",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Debian Linux-13": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "13",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Debian Linux-14": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "14",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Ubuntu Linux-14.04": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "14.04",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Ubuntu Linux-16.04": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "16.04",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Ubuntu Linux-18.04": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "18.04",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Ubuntu Linux-20.04": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "20.04",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Ubuntu Linux-22.04": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "22.04",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Ubuntu Linux-24.04": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "24.04",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "Ubuntu Linux-26.04": {
    "package_manager": "dpkg-l",
    "constraints": [
      {
        "release": "26.04",
        "pkgs": [
          {"reference": "node-qs"}
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
};

var distro_constraints_values = linux_unpatched::get_distro_constraints(distro_constraints_arr:distro_constraints_array);
if (empty_or_null(distro_constraints_values)) audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, 'affected');

var third_party_support = get_kb_item('Host/OS/extended-third-party');
if (!empty_or_null(third_party_support)) {
    var third_party_vendors = distro_constraints_values['third_party'];
    if (!empty_or_null(third_party_vendors)) {
        var vendor;
        foreach vendor (third_party_vendors) {
            if (vendor == third_party_support) exit(0, 'A third party management patch is available for this vulnerability from ' + vendor + '.\n');
        }
    }
}

var report = linux_unpatched::check_unpatched_constraints(distro_constraints_values:distro_constraints_values);

if (!empty_or_null(report))
{
  security_report_v4(
      port       : 0,
      severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
      extra      : report
  );
  exit(0);
}
else
{
  audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, 'affected');
}