| Reporter | Title | Published | Views | Family All 115 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azure Linux 3.0 Security Update: kernel (CVE-2024-47741) | 22 Jan 202600:00 | – | nessus | |
| RHEL 4 : kernel (Unpatched Vulnerability) | 3 Jun 202400:00 | – | nessus | |
| RHEL 5 : kernel (Unpatched Vulnerability) | 3 Jun 202400:00 | – | nessus | |
| RHEL 6 : kernel (Unpatched Vulnerability) | 3 Jun 202400:00 | – | nessus | |
| RHEL 7 : kernel (Unpatched Vulnerability) | 3 Jun 202400:00 | – | nessus | |
| RHEL 8 : kernel (Unpatched Vulnerability) | 3 Jun 202400:00 | – | nessus | |
| RHEL 9 : kernel (Unpatched Vulnerability) | 3 Jun 202400:00 | – | nessus | |
| SUSE SLES15 / openSUSE 15 Security Update : kernel (SUSE-SU-2024:3984-1) | 14 Nov 202400:00 | – | nessus | |
| SUSE SLES15 / openSUSE 15 Security Update : kernel (SUSE-SU-2024:3986-1) | 14 Nov 202400:00 | – | nessus | |
| SUSE SLED15 / SLES15 / openSUSE 15 Security Update : kernel (SUSE-SU-2024:4318-1) | 14 Dec 202400:00 | – | nessus |
| Source | Link |
|---|---|
| ubuntu | www.ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-47741 |
| cve | www.cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi |
##
# (C) Tenable, Inc.
##
include('compat.inc');
if (description)
{
script_id(229522);
script_version("1.4");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2025/09/05");
script_cve_id("CVE-2024-47741");
script_name(english:"Linux Distros Unpatched Vulnerability : CVE-2024-47741");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed with a vulnerability that the vendor indicates will not be
patched.");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The Linux/Unix host has one or more packages installed that are impacted by a vulnerability without a vendor supplied
patch available.
- In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: btrfs: fix race setting file private
on concurrent lseek using same fd When doing concurrent lseek(2) system calls against the same file
descriptor, using multiple threads belonging to the same process, we have a short time window where a race
happens and can result in a memory leak. The race happens like this: 1) A program opens a file descriptor
for a file and then spawns two threads (with the pthreads library for example), lets call them task A and
task B; 2) Task A calls lseek with SEEK_DATA or SEEK_HOLE and ends up at file.c:find_desired_extent()
while holding a read lock on the inode; 3) At the start of find_desired_extent(), it extracts the file's
private_data pointer into a local variable named 'private', which has a value of NULL; 4) Task B also
calls lseek with SEEK_DATA or SEEK_HOLE, locks the inode in shared mode and enters
file.c:find_desired_extent(), where it also extracts file->private_data into its local variable 'private',
which has a NULL value; 5) Because it saw a NULL file private, task A allocates a private structure and
assigns to the file structure; 6) Task B also saw a NULL file private so it also allocates its own file
private and then assigns it to the same file structure, since both tasks are using the same file
descriptor. At this point we leak the private structure allocated by task A. Besides the memory leak,
there's also the detail that both tasks end up using the same cached state record in the private structure
(struct btrfs_file_private::llseek_cached_state), which can result in a use-after-free problem since one
task can free it while the other is still using it (only one task took a reference count on it). Also,
sharing the cached state is not a good idea since it could result in incorrect results in the future -
right now it should not be a problem because it end ups being used only in extent-io-
tree.c:count_range_bits() where we do range validation before using the cached state. Fix this by
protecting the private assignment and check of a file while holding the inode's spinlock and keep track of
the task that allocated the private, so that it's used only by that task in order to prevent user-after-
free issues with the cached state record as well as potentially using it incorrectly in the future.
(CVE-2024-47741)
Note that Nessus relies on the presence of the package as reported by the vendor.");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2024-47741");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"There is no known solution at this time.");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"unix");
script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:C");
script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2024-47741");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss3_score_source", value:"CVE-2024-47741");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"vendor_unpatched", value:"true");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2024/10/21");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2025/03/05");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:16.04:-:lts");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:18.04:-:lts");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:20.04:-:lts");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:22.04:-:lts");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:canonical:ubuntu_linux:24.04:-:lts");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-allwinner-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-aws-5.0");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-aws-5.11");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-aws-5.13");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-aws-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-aws-5.3");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-aws-5.8");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-aws-6.2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-aws-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-5.11");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-5.13");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-5.3");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-5.8");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-6.2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-edge");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-fde");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-fde-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-azure-fde-6.2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gcp");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gcp-5.11");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gcp-5.13");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gcp-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gcp-5.3");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gcp-5.8");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gcp-6.2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gcp-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gke");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gke-4.15");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gke-5.15");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gke-5.4");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-gkeop-5.4");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-hwe");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-hwe-5.11");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-hwe-5.13");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-hwe-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-hwe-5.8");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-hwe-6.2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-hwe-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-hwe-edge");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-intel-5.13");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-intel-iot-realtime");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-nvidia-6.2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-nvidia-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem-5.10");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem-5.13");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem-5.14");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem-5.17");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem-5.6");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem-6.0");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem-6.1");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oem-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oracle-5.0");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oracle-5.11");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oracle-5.13");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oracle-5.3");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oracle-5.8");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-oracle-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-raspi2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-realtime");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-riscv");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-riscv-5.11");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-riscv-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-riscv-5.8");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-riscv-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-starfive-5.19");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-starfive-6.2");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"p-cpe:/a:canonical:ubuntu_linux:linux-starfive-6.5");
script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"current");
script_end_attributes();
script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
script_family(english:"Misc.");
script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2025 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");
script_dependencies("set_linux_os_id.nasl", "ssh_get_info2.nasl");
script_require_keys("Host/OS/identifier", "Host/cpu", "Host/local_checks_enabled", "global_settings/vendor_unpatched");
script_require_ports("Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-16.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-18.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-20.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-22.04", "Host/OS/Ubuntu Linux-24.04");
exit(0);
}
if (!get_kb_item("global_settings/vendor_unpatched")) exit(0, "Unpatched Vulnerabilities Detection not active.");
if (!get_kb_item("Host/local_checks_enabled")) audit(AUDIT_LOCAL_CHECKS_NOT_ENABLED);
if (empty_or_null(get_one_kb_item("Host/Debian/dpkg-l"))) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_LIST_MISSING);
include('linux_unpatched.inc');
var distro_constraints_array = {
"Ubuntu Linux-16.04": {
"package_manager": "dpkg-l",
"constraints": [
{
"release": "16.04",
"pkgs": [
{"reference": "linux-hwe-edge"}
]
}
]
},
"Ubuntu Linux-18.04": {
"package_manager": "dpkg-l",
"constraints": [
{
"release": "18.04",
"pkgs": [
{"reference": "linux-aws-5.0"},
{"reference": "linux-aws-5.3"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-5.3"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-cloud-tools-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-edge"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-headers-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-tools-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-cloud-tools-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-5.3"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-headers-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-tools-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-gke-4.15"},
{"reference": "linux-gke-5.4"},
{"reference": "linux-gkeop-5.4"},
{"reference": "linux-headers-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-hwe"},
{"reference": "linux-image-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-image-unsigned-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-extra-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-headers-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-tools-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oracle-5.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oracle-5.3"},
{"reference": "linux-tools-4.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-udebs-azure"},
{"reference": "linux-udebs-oem"}
]
}
]
},
"Ubuntu Linux-20.04": {
"package_manager": "dpkg-l",
"constraints": [
{
"release": "20.04",
"pkgs": [
{"reference": "linux-aws-5.11"},
{"reference": "linux-aws-5.13"},
{"reference": "linux-aws-5.8"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-5.11"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-5.13"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-5.8"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-fde"},
{"reference": "linux-buildinfo-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-buildinfo-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-cloud-tools-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-cloud-tools-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-5.11"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-5.13"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-5.8"},
{"reference": "linux-gke"},
{"reference": "linux-gke-5.15"},
{"reference": "linux-headers-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-headers-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-hwe-5.11"},
{"reference": "linux-hwe-5.13"},
{"reference": "linux-hwe-5.8"},
{"reference": "linux-image-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-image-unsigned-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-intel-5.13"},
{"reference": "linux-libc-dev"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-extra-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-extra-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.10"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.13"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.14"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.6-headers-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.6-tools-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.6-tools-common"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.6-tools-host"},
{"reference": "linux-oracle-5.11"},
{"reference": "linux-oracle-5.13"},
{"reference": "linux-oracle-5.8"},
{"reference": "linux-raspi2"},
{"reference": "linux-riscv-5.11"},
{"reference": "linux-riscv-5.8"},
{"reference": "linux-riscv-headers-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-riscv-tools-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-tools-5.4.0"},
{"reference": "linux-tools-5.6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-udebs-generic"},
{"reference": "linux-udebs-oem"}
]
}
]
},
"Ubuntu Linux-22.04": {
"package_manager": "dpkg-l",
"constraints": [
{
"release": "22.04",
"pkgs": [
{"reference": "linux-allwinner-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-aws-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-aws-6.2"},
{"reference": "linux-aws-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-6.2"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-fde-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-azure-fde-6.2"},
{"reference": "linux-buildinfo-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-buildinfo-5.17.0"},
{"reference": "linux-cloud-tools-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-cloud-tools-5.17.0"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-6.2"},
{"reference": "linux-gcp-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-headers-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-headers-5.17.0"},
{"reference": "linux-hwe-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-hwe-6.2"},
{"reference": "linux-hwe-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-image-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-image-unsigned-5.17.0"},
{"reference": "linux-intel-iot-realtime"},
{"reference": "linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2"},
{"reference": "linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-5.17.0"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-extra-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-modules-extra-5.17.0"},
{"reference": "linux-nvidia-6.2"},
{"reference": "linux-nvidia-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.17-headers-5.17.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.17-tools-5.17.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-5.17-tools-host"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-6.0"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-6.1"},
{"reference": "linux-oem-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-oracle-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-realtime"},
{"reference": "linux-riscv-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-riscv-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-riscv-headers-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-riscv-tools-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-starfive-5.19"},
{"reference": "linux-starfive-6.2"},
{"reference": "linux-starfive-6.5"},
{"reference": "linux-tools-5.15.0"},
{"reference": "linux-tools-5.17.0"}
]
}
]
},
"Ubuntu Linux-24.04": {
"package_manager": "dpkg-l",
"constraints": [
{
"release": "24.04",
"pkgs": [
{"reference": "linux-realtime"}
]
}
]
}
};
var distro_constraints_values = linux_unpatched::get_distro_constraints(distro_constraints_arr:distro_constraints_array);
if (empty_or_null(distro_constraints_values)) audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, 'affected');
var report = linux_unpatched::check_unpatched_constraints(distro_constraints_values:distro_constraints_values);
if (!empty_or_null(report))
{
security_report_v4(
port : 0,
severity : SECURITY_WARNING,
extra : report
);
exit(0);
}
else
{
audit(AUDIT_HOST_NOT, 'affected');
}
Data
Build on a solid foundation with Vulners data
We provide the essential building blocks for cybersecurity solutions with comprehensive, structured, and constantly updated vulnerability and exploits data
Api
Power your application with Vulners API
The Vulners REST API offers reliable, high-performance access to vulnerability intelligence, with 99.9% SLA uptime and CDN-backed data delivery for seamless global access
App
Assess and manage vulnerabilities with Vulners tools
Built on top of Vulners' database and SDK, end-user solutions give security professionals and developers lightweight and powerful tools for vulnerability remediation