Qnap QTS and QuTS hero Use of Externally-Controlled Format String (CVE-2025-53591)

#%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80900
##
# (C) Tenable, Inc.
##

include('compat.inc');

if (description)
{
  script_id(505019);
  script_version("1.2");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2026/02/04");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2025-53591");

  script_name(english:"Qnap QTS and QuTS hero Use of Externally-Controlled Format String (CVE-2025-53591)");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote OT asset is affected by a vulnerability.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been
reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote
attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the
vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory. We have already
fixed the vulnerability in the following versions: QTS 5.2.7.3256
build 20250913 and later QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and
later QuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later

This plugin only works with Tenable.ot.
Please visit https://www.tenable.com/products/tenable-ot for more information.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-50");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Refer to the vendor advisory.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:M/C:C/I:C/A:N");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:U/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:U/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss4_vector", value:"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss4_threat_vector", value:"CVSS:4.0/E:U");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2025-53591");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No known exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");
  script_cwe_id(134);

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2026/01/02");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2026/01/02");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2026/01/20");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:qnap:qts:5.2");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.2");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.3");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"generated_plugin", value:"former");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Tenable.ot");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2026 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("tenable_ot_api_integration.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Tenable.ot/Qnap");

  exit(0);
}


include('tenable_ot_cve_funcs.inc');

get_kb_item_or_exit('Tenable.ot/Qnap');

var asset = tenable_ot::assets::get(vendor:'Qnap');

var vuln_cpes = {
    "cpe:/o:qnap:qts" :
        {"versionEndIncluding" : "5.2.7.3256", "versionStartIncluding" : "5.2.0", "family" : "QTS"},
    "cpe:/o:qnap:quts_hero:5.2" :
        {"versionEndIncluding" : "h5.2.7.3256", "versionStartIncluding" : "h5.2.0", "family" : "QuTShero"},
    "cpe:/o:qnap:quts_hero:h5.3" :
        {"versionEndIncluding" : "h5.3.1.3250", "versionStartIncluding" : "h5.3.0", "family" : "QuTShero"}
};

tenable_ot::cve::compare_and_report(asset:asset, cpes:vuln_cpes, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);