Security Updates for Microsoft SQL Server (July 2025) (Remote)

#%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80900
##
# (C) Tenable, Inc.
##

include('compat.inc');

if (description)
{
  script_id(241995);
  script_version("1.3");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2025/10/29");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2025-49717", "CVE-2025-49718", "CVE-2025-49719");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"5058712");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"5058713");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"5058714");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"5058716");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"5058717");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"5058718");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"5058721");
  script_xref(name:"MSKB", value:"5058722");
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS25-5058712");
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS25-5058713");
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS25-5058714");
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS25-5058716");
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS25-5058717");
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS25-5058718");
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS25-5058721");
  script_xref(name:"MSFT", value:"MS25-5058722");
  script_xref(name:"IAVA", value:"2025-A-0492-S");

  script_name(english:"Security Updates for Microsoft SQL Server (July 2025) (Remote)");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The Microsoft SQL Server installation on the remote host is missing a security update.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The Microsoft SQL Server installation on the remote host is missing a security update. It is, therefore, 
affected by the following vulnerabilities:
  - A remote code execution vulnerability. An attacker can exploit this to bypass authentication and execute
    unauthorized arbitrary commands. (CVE-2025-49717)
  - Information disclosure vulnerabilities. An authenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to disclose 
    sensitive database and file information. (CVE-2025-49718, CVE-2025-49719)
Note that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version
number.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5058712");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5058713");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5058714");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5058716");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5058717");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5058718");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5058721");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5058722");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Microsoft has released security updates for Microsoft SQL Server.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2025-49717");
  script_cwe_id(20, 122, 908);

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2025/07/08");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2025/07/08");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2025/07/11");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"potential_vulnerability", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:microsoft:sql_server");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"thorough_tests", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"stig_severity", value:"I");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2025 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("mssqlserver_detect.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports(139, 445, 1433, "Services/mssql");

  exit(0);
}

var port = get_service(svc:'mssql', exit_on_fail:TRUE);
var instance = get_kb_item('MSSQL/' + port + '/InstanceName');
var version = get_kb_item_or_exit('MSSQL/' + port + '/Version');

# detection ins't grabbing the last bit of the version so these are VERY FP prone
if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);

var ver = pregmatch(pattern:"^([0-9.]+)([^0-9]|$)", string:version);
if (!isnull(ver) && !isnull(ver[1])) ver = ver[1];

if (
  (ver_compare(ver:ver, minver:'13.0.6300.2',   fix: '13.0.6460.7') < 0) ||
  (ver_compare(ver:ver, minver:'13.0.7000.253', fix: '13.0.7055.9') < 0) ||
  (ver_compare(ver:ver, minver:'14.0.1000.169', fix: '14.0.2075.8') < 0) ||
  (ver_compare(ver:ver, minver:'14.0.3006.16',  fix: '14.0.3495.9') < 0) ||
  (ver_compare(ver:ver, minver:'15.0.2000.5',   fix: '15.0.2135.5') < 0) ||
  (ver_compare(ver:ver, minver:'15.0.4003.23',  fix: '15.0.4435.7') < 0) ||
  (ver_compare(ver:ver, minver:'16.0.1000.6',   fix: '16.0.1140.6') < 0) ||
  (ver_compare(ver:ver, minver:'16.0.4003.1',   fix: '16.0.4200.1') < 0)
)
{
  var report = '';
  if (!empty_or_null(version))  report += '\n  SQL Server Version   : ' + version;
  if (!empty_or_null(instance)) report += '\n  SQL Server Instance  : ' + instance;
  security_report_v4(port:port, extra:report, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);
}
else audit(AUDIT_INST_VER_NOT_VULN, 'MSSQL', version);