{"oraclelinux": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:24:32", "description": "[2.79-13.1]\n- Fix various issues in dnssec validation (CVE-2020-25681)\n- Accept responses only on correct sockets (CVE-2020-25684)\n- Use strong verification on queries (CVE-2020-25685)", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.1, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-20T00:00:00", "type": "oraclelinux", "title": "dnsmasq security update", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 8.5, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-01-20T00:00:00", "id": "ELSA-2021-0150", "href": "http://linux.oracle.com/errata/ELSA-2021-0150.html", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:24:34", "description": "[2.76-16.1]\n- Accept responses only on correct sockets (CVE-2020-25684)\n- Use strong verification on queries (CVE-2020-25685)\n- Handle multiple identical DNS queries better (CVE-2020-25686)\n- Link against nettle for sha256 hash implementation", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "baseScore": 3.7, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 1.4}, "published": "2021-01-19T00:00:00", "type": "oraclelinux", "title": "dnsmasq security update", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686"], "modified": "2021-01-19T00:00:00", "id": "ELSA-2021-0153", "href": "http://linux.oracle.com/errata/ELSA-2021-0153.html", "cvss": {"score": 4.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"}}], "nessus": [{"lastseen": "2023-10-27T15:00:59", "description": "The remote Fedora 33 host has a package installed that is affected by multiple vulnerabilities as referenced in the FEDORA-2021-84440e87ba advisory.\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in the way RRSets are sorted before validating with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network, who can forge DNS replies such as that they are accepted as valid, could use this flaw to cause a buffer overflow with arbitrary data in a heap memory segment, possibly executing code on the machine. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.\n (CVE-2020-25681)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before 2.83. A buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the way dnsmasq extract names from DNS packets before validating them with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network, who can create valid DNS replies, could use this flaw to cause an overflow with arbitrary data in a heap- allocated memory, possibly executing code on the machine. The flaw is in the rfc1035.c:extract_name() function, which writes data to the memory pointed by name assuming MAXDNAME*2 bytes are available in the buffer. However, in some code execution paths, it is possible extract_name() gets passed an offset from the base buffer, thus reducing, in practice, the number of available bytes that can be written in the buffer. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability. (CVE-2020-25682)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in dnsmasq when DNSSEC is enabled and before it validates the received DNS entries. A remote attacker, who can create valid DNS replies, could use this flaw to cause an overflow in a heap-allocated memory. This flaw is caused by the lack of length checks in rfc1035.c:extract_name(), which could be abused to make the code execute memcpy() with a negative size in get_rdata() and cause a crash in dnsmasq, resulting in a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability. (CVE-2020-25683)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in the forward.c:reply_query() if the reply destination address/port is used by the pending forwarded queries. However, it does not use the address/port to retrieve the exact forwarded query, substantially reducing the number of attempts an attacker on the network would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This issue contrasts with RFC5452, which specifies a query's attributes that all must be used to match a reply. This flaw allows an attacker to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25685 or CVE-2020-25686, the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity. (CVE-2020-25684)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in forward.c:reply_query(), which is the forwarded query that matches the reply, by only using a weak hash of the query name. Due to the weak hash (CRC32 when dnsmasq is compiled without DNSSEC, SHA-1 when it is) this flaw allows an off-path attacker to find several different domains all having the same hash, substantially reducing the number of attempts they would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This is in contrast with RFC5452, which specifies that the query name is one of the attributes of a query that must be used to match a reply. This flaw could be abused to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25684 the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced.\n The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity. (CVE-2020-25685)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When receiving a query, dnsmasq does not check for an existing pending request for the same name and forwards a new request. By default, a maximum of 150 pending queries can be sent to upstream servers, so there can be at most 150 queries for the same name.\n This flaw allows an off-path attacker on the network to substantially reduce the number of attempts that it would have to perform to forge a reply and have it accepted by dnsmasq. This issue is mentioned in the Birthday Attacks section of RFC5452. If chained with CVE-2020-25684, the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.\n (CVE-2020-25686)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. 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A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in the forward.c:reply_query() if the reply destination address/port is used by the pending forwarded queries.\n However, it does not use the address/port to retrieve the exact forwarded query, substantially reducing the number of attempts an attacker on the network would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This issue contrasts with RFC5452, which specifies a query's attributes that all must be used to match a reply. This flaw allows an attacker to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25685 or CVE-2020-25686, the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.(CVE-2020-25684)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in forward.c:reply_query(), which is the forwarded query that matches the reply, by only using a weak hash of the query name. Due to the weak hash (CRC32 when dnsmasq is compiled without DNSSEC, SHA-1 when it is) this flaw allows an off-path attacker to find several different domains all having the same hash, substantially reducing the number of attempts they would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This is in contrast with RFC5452, which specifies that the query name is one of the attributes of a query that must be used to match a reply. This flaw could be abused to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25684 the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced.\n The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.(CVE-2020-25685)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in dnsmasq when DNSSEC is enabled and before it validates the received DNS entries. This flaw allows a remote attacker, who can create valid DNS replies, to cause an overflow in a heap-allocated memory. This flaw is caused by the lack of length checks in rfc1035.c:extract_name(), which could be abused to make the code execute memcpy() with a negative size in sort_rrset() and cause a crash in dnsmasq, resulting in a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.(CVE-2020-25687)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before 2.83. A buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the way dnsmasq extract names from DNS packets before validating them with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network,who can create valid DNS replies,could use this flaw to cause an overflow with arbitrary data in a heap-allocated memory,possibly executing code on the machine. The flaw is in the rfc1035.c:extract_name() function,which writes data to the memory pointed by name assuming MAXDNAME*2 bytes are available in the buffer. However,in some code execution paths,it is possible extract_name() gets passed an offset from the base buffer,thus reducing,in practice,the number of available bytes that can be written in the buffer. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.(CVE-2020-25682)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in the way RRSets are sorted before validating with DNSSEC data.\n An attacker on the network, who can forge DNS replies such as that they are accepted as valid, could use this flaw to cause a buffer overflow with arbitrary data in a heap memory segment, possibly executing code on the machine. 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The flaw is in the rfc1035.c:extract_name() function, which writes data to the memory pointed by name assuming MAXDNAME*2 bytes are available in the buffer. However, in some code execution paths, it is possible extract_name() gets passed an offset from the base buffer, thus reducing, in practice, the number of available bytes that can be written in the buffer. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.(CVE-2020-25682)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in dnsmasq when DNSSEC is enabled and before it validates the received DNS entries. A remote attacker, who can create valid DNS replies, could use this flaw to cause an overflow in a heap-allocated memory. 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The flaw is in the rfc1035.c:extract_name() function, which writes data to the memory pointed by name assuming MAXDNAME*2 bytes are available in the buffer. However, in some code execution paths, it is possible extract_name() gets passed an offset from the base buffer, thus reducing, in practice, the number of available bytes that can be written in the buffer. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability. (CVE-2020-25682)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in dnsmasq when DNSSEC is enabled and before it validates the received DNS entries. A remote attacker, who can create valid DNS replies, could use this flaw to cause an overflow in a heap-allocated memory. This flaw is caused by the lack of length checks in rfc1035.c:extract_name(), which could be abused to make the code execute memcpy() with a negative size in get_rdata() and cause a crash in dnsmasq, resulting in a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability. (CVE-2020-25683)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in the forward.c:reply_query() if the reply destination address/port is used by the pending forwarded queries. However, it does not use the address/port to retrieve the exact forwarded query, substantially reducing the number of attempts an attacker on the network would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This issue contrasts with RFC5452, which specifies a query's attributes that all must be used to match a reply. This flaw allows an attacker to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25685 or CVE-2020-25686, the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity. (CVE-2020-25684)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in forward.c:reply_query(), which is the forwarded query that matches the reply, by only using a weak hash of the query name. Due to the weak hash (CRC32 when dnsmasq is compiled without DNSSEC, SHA-1 when it is) this flaw allows an off-path attacker to find several different domains all having the same hash, substantially reducing the number of attempts they would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This is in contrast with RFC5452, which specifies that the query name is one of the attributes of a query that must be used to match a reply. This flaw could be abused to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25684 the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced.\n The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity. (CVE-2020-25685)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When receiving a query, dnsmasq does not check for an existing pending request for the same name and forwards a new request. By default, a maximum of 150 pending queries can be sent to upstream servers, so there can be at most 150 queries for the same name.\n This flaw allows an off-path attacker on the network to substantially reduce the number of attempts that it would have to perform to forge a reply and have it accepted by dnsmasq. This issue is mentioned in the Birthday Attacks section of RFC5452. If chained with CVE-2020-25684, the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.\n (CVE-2020-25686)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. 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A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in the way RRSets are sorted before validating with DNSSEC data.\n An attacker on the network, who can forge DNS replies such as that they are accepted as valid, could use this flaw to cause a buffer overflow with arbitrary data in a heap memory segment, possibly executing code on the machine. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.(CVE-2020-25681)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before 2.83. A buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the way dnsmasq extract names from DNS packets before validating them with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network, who can create valid DNS replies, could use this flaw to cause an overflow with arbitrary data in a heap-allocated memory, possibly executing code on the machine. The flaw is in the rfc1035.c:extract_name() function, which writes data to the memory pointed by name assuming MAXDNAME*2 bytes are available in the buffer. However, in some code execution paths, it is possible extract_name() gets passed an offset from the base buffer, thus reducing, in practice, the number of available bytes that can be written in the buffer. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.(CVE-2020-25682)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in dnsmasq when DNSSEC is enabled and before it validates the received DNS entries. A remote attacker, who can create valid DNS replies, could use this flaw to cause an overflow in a heap-allocated memory. This flaw is caused by the lack of length checks in rfc1035.c:extract_name(), which could be abused to make the code execute memcpy() with a negative size in get_rdata() and cause a crash in dnsmasq, resulting in a denial of service. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to system availability.(CVE-2020-25683)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in the forward.c:reply_query() if the reply destination address/port is used by the pending forwarded queries.\n However, it does not use the address/port to retrieve the exact forwarded query, substantially reducing the number of attempts an attacker on the network would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This issue contrasts with RFC5452, which specifies a query's attributes that all must be used to match a reply. This flaw allows an attacker to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25685 or CVE-2020-25686, the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.(CVE-2020-25684)\n\n - A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in forward.c:reply_query(), which is the forwarded query that matches the reply, by only using a weak hash of the query name. Due to the weak hash (CRC32 when dnsmasq is compiled without DNSSEC, SHA-1 when it is) this flaw allows an off-path attacker to find several different domains all having the same hash, substantially reducing the number of attempts they would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This is in contrast with RFC5452, which specifies that the query name is one of the attributes of a query that must be used to match a reply. This flaw could be abused to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. 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+\n 'NOTE: This vulnerability check contains fixes that apply to\\n' +\n 'packages only available in the Red Hat Enterprise Linux\\n' +\n 'Advanced Update Support, Extended Update Support, Telco Extended Update Support or Update Services for SAP Solutions repositories.\\n' +\n 'Access to these repositories requires a paid RHEL subscription.\\n';\n var extra = NULL;\n if (empty_or_null(applicable_repo_urls)) extra = subscription_caveat + rpm_report_get() + redhat_report_repo_caveat();\n else extra = subscription_caveat + rpm_report_get() + redhat_report_package_caveat();\n security_report_v4(\n port : 0,\n severity : SECURITY_HOLE,\n extra : extra\n );\n exit(0);\n}\nelse\n{\n var tested = pkg_tests_get();\n if (tested) audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_AFFECTED, tested);\n else audit(AUDIT_PACKAGE_NOT_INSTALLED, 'dnsmasq / dnsmasq-utils');\n}\n", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-10-27T15:00:13", "description": "The remote CentOS Linux 8 host has packages installed 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When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in forward.c:reply_query(), which is the forwarded query that matches the reply, by only using a weak hash of the query name. Due to the weak hash (CRC32 when dnsmasq is compiled without DNSSEC, SHA-1 when it is) this flaw allows an off-path attacker to find several different domains all having the same hash, substantially reducing the number of attempts they would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This is in contrast with RFC5452, which specifies that the query name is one of the attributes of a query that must be used to match a reply. This flaw could be abused to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25684 the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 3.7, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 1.4}, "published": "2021-01-20T16:15:00", "type": "osv", "title": "CVE-2020-25685", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685"], "modified": "2022-12-08T07:34:55", "id": "OSV:CVE-2020-25685", "href": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2020-25685", "cvss": {"score": 4.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-27T02:16:52", "description": "A flaw was found in dnsmasq before 2.83. A buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the way dnsmasq extract names from DNS packets before validating them with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network, who can create valid DNS replies, could use this flaw to cause an overflow with arbitrary data in a heap-allocated memory, possibly executing code on the machine. The flaw is in the rfc1035.c:extract_name() function, which writes data to the memory pointed by name assuming MAXDNAME*2 bytes are available in the buffer. However, in some code execution paths, it is possible extract_name() gets passed an offset from the base buffer, thus reducing, in practice, the number of available bytes that can be written in the buffer. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-01-20T17:15:00", "type": "osv", "title": "CVE-2020-25682", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25682"], "modified": "2023-06-27T02:16:35", "id": "OSV:CVE-2020-25682", "href": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2020-25682", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-27T02:16:51", "description": "A flaw was found in dnsmasq before version 2.83. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in the way RRSets are sorted before validating with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network, who can forge DNS replies such as that they are accepted as valid, could use this flaw to cause a buffer overflow with arbitrary data in a heap memory segment, possibly executing code on the machine. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-01-20T17:15:00", "type": "osv", "title": "CVE-2020-25681", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681"], "modified": "2023-06-27T02:16:35", "id": "OSV:CVE-2020-25681", "href": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/CVE-2020-25681", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "malwarebytes": [{"lastseen": "2021-01-29T12:26:29", "description": "The research team at [JSOF](<https://www.jsof-tech.com/disclosures/dnspooq/>) found seven vulnerabilities in dnsmasq and have dubbed them DNSpooq, collectively. Now, some of you may shrug and move on, probably because you haven't heard of dnsmasq before. Well, before you go, you should know that dnsmasq is used in a wide variety of phones, routers, and other network devices, besides some Linux distributions like Red-Hat. And that\u2019s just a selection of what may be affected.\n\nPublicly disclosed computer security flaws are listed in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database. Its goal is to make it easier to share data across separate vulnerability capabilities (tools, databases, and services). The vulnerabilities disclosed by the JSOF team have been listed as [CVE-2020-25687](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-25687>), [CVE-2020-25683](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-25683>), [CVE-2020-25682](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-25682>), [CVE-2020-25684](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-25684>), [CVE-2020-25685](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-25685>), [CVE-2020-25686](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-25686>) and [CVE-2020-25681](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2020-25681>). \n\n### What is DNSpooq?\n\nDNSpooq is the name the researchers gave to a collection of seven vulnerabilities they found in dnsmasq, an open-source DNS forwarding software in common use. Dnsmasq is very popular, and so far JSOF has identified approximately 40 vendors that use it in their products, as well as some major Linux distributions. DNSpooq includes some DNS cache poisoning vulnerabilities, and buffer overflow vulnerabilities that could potentially be used to achieve remote code execution (RCE).\n\n[Domain Name System (DNS)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/glossary/domain-name-system/>) is an internet protocol that translates user-friendly, readable URLs, such as malwarebytes.com, to their numeric IP addresses, allowing the computer to identify a server without the user having to remember and input its actual IP address. Basically, you could say DNS is the phonebook of the internet. DNS name resolution is a complex process that can be interfered with at [many levels](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2015/09/dns-hijacks-what-to-look-for/>).\n\nDnsmasq (short for DNS masquerade) is free software that can be used for DNS forwarding and caching, and DHCP services. It is intended for smaller networks and can run under Linux, macOS, and Android. In essence, dnsmasq accepts DNS queries and either answers them from a local cache or forwards them to an actual DNS server.\n\n### What is DNS cache poisoning?\n\nIf you have ever moved your website to a different server, you will have noticed how long it can take before everyone actually lands on the new IP address. This happens because DNS records are normally cached in a number of different places, for performance. Records can be cached in your browser, by your operating system, on your network, by your ISP, and so on. When a cache entry expires it will update from the next upstream cache. Because of this, it can take a while for new records to get updated in all the places they're stored. This phenomenon is referred to as DNS propagation. \n\nIf false information is added to a compromised DNS cache, that information can spread downstream to other caches. This method of providing a false IP address is called DNS cache poisoning. Cache poisoning can be done at all levels, local, router and even at the DNS server level.\n\n### What is a buffer overflow?\n\nA buffer overflow is a type of software vulnerability that exists when an area of memory within a software application reaches an address boundary and writes into an adjacent memory region. Buffer overflows can be used to overwrite useful data, cause network crashes, or replace memory with arbitrary code that the instruction pointer later executes. In that last case it may offer an opportunity for RCE.\n\n### Who should worry?\n\nJSOF has identified over 40 companies and respective products they believe are using dnsmasq. You can find a complete list on their [website about DNSpooq, under Vendors](<https://www.jsof-tech.com/disclosures/dnspooq/#DNSPOOQ-scenarios>). Some names worth mentioning: Asus, AT&T, Cisco, Dell, Google, Huawei, Linksys, Motorola, Netgear, Siemens, Ubiquiti, and Zyxel. Check out the list if you want to verify whether you are using one of the affected devices.\n\n### What can be done about DNSpooq?\n\nFor users of dnsmasq the quickest fix is to update it to version 2.83 or above. \n\nIn the long run it would be better for all of us if we started using a less vulnerable method than DNS, like [DNSSEC](<https://realhosting.nl/helpdesk/wat-is-dnssec/>), which protects against cache poisoning. Unfortunately is still not very widely deployed. Neither is [HSTS](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security>), which is a web security policy mechanism that helps to protect websites against man-in-the-middle attacks.\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\n_Header image and research courtesy of JSOF_\n\nThe post [DNSpooq bugs haunt dnsmasq](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/01/dnspooq-the-bugs-haunting-dnsmasq/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.1, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-21T15:56:12", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "DNSpooq bugs haunt dnsmasq", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 8.5, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-01-21T15:56:12", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:663327DFA13BEF28EEE013C568D709A6", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/01/dnspooq-the-bugs-haunting-dnsmasq/", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}], "threatpost": [{"lastseen": "2021-01-20T18:43:11", "description": "Researchers have uncovered a set of flaws in dnsmasq, popular open-source software used for caching Domain Name System (DNS) responses for home and commercial routers and servers.\n\nThe set of seven flaws are comprised of buffer overflow issues and flaws allowing for DNS cache-poisoning attacks (also known as DNS spoofing). If exploited, these flaws could be chained together to allow remote code execution, denial of service and other attacks.\n\nResearchers have labeled the set of vulnerabilities \u201cDNSpooq,\u201d a combination of DNS spoofing, the concept of \u201ca spook spying on internet traffic,\u201d and the \u201cq\u201d at the end of dnsmasq.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/supply-chain-security-a-10-point-audit>)\n\nClick to Register \u2013 New Browser Tab Opens\n\n\u201cDNSpooq is a series of vulnerabilities found in the ubiquitous open-source software dnsmasq, demonstrating that DNS is still insecure, 13 years after the last major attack was described,\u201d said researchers with the JSOF research lab, [in a recent analysis](<https://www.jsof-tech.com/disclosures/dnspooq/>).\n\nDnsmasq is installed on many home and commercial routers and servers in many organizations. The software\u2019s storing of responses to previously asked DNS queries locally speeds up the DNS resolution process; however it has many other uses as well, including providing DNS services to support Wi-Fi hot-spots, enterprise guest networks, virtualization and ad blocking.\n\nResearchers have identified at least 40 vendors who utilize dnsmasq in their products, including Cisco routers, Android phones, Aruba devices, Technicolor and Red Hat, as well as Siemens, Ubiquiti networks, Comcast and many others. In all, \u201cmillions\u201d of devices are affected, they said.\n\n## **DNS Cache Poisoning**\n\nThree of the flaws (CVE-2020-25686, CVE-2020-25684 and CVE-2020-25685) could enable DNS cache poisoning.\n\nDNS cache poisoning is a type of attack that enables DNS queries to be subverted. In a real-world situation, an attacker here could use unsolicited DNS responses to poison the DNS cache, convince unknowing internet browsers to a specially-crafted attacker-owned website, and then redirect them to malicious servers.\n\nThis could potentially lead to fraud and various other malicious attacks, if victims believe they are browsing to one website but are actually routed to another, said researchers. Other attacks could include phishing attacks or malware distribution.\n\n\u201cTraffic that might be subverted includes regular Internet browsing as well as other types of traffic, such as emails, SSH, remote desktop, RDP video and voice calls, software updates and so on,\u201d said researchers.\n\n## **Buffer Overflow**\n\nResearchers also shed light on four buffer-overflow vulnerabilities (CVE-2020-25687, CVE-2020-25683, CVE-2020-25682 and CVE-2020-25681) in dnsmasq. The memory-corruption flaws can be triggered by a remote attacker using crafted DNS responses. The attack can lead to denial of service, information exposure and potentially remote code execution.\n\nWhile the majority of these flaws are heap-based buffer-overflow issues that could lead to denial of service, one of the flaws is a high-severity issue that could potentially enable remote code execution when dnsmasq is configured to use domain name system security extensions (DNSSEC), a set of protocols that add a layer of security to the domain name system.\n\n\u201cFor the buffer overflows and remote-code execution, devices that don\u2019t use the DNSSEC feature will be immune,\u201d said researchers. \u201cDNSSEC is a security feature meant to prevent cache poisoning attacks and so we would not recommend turning it off, but rather updating to the newest version of dnsmasq.\u201d\n\nResearchers said that the approximately 1 million dnsmasq servers openly visible on the internet (according to Shodan) make attacks launched via the internet \u201cvery simple,\u201d and that there are several real-world scenarios that set up an attacker to exploit these flaws.\n\n\u201cThis may be possible in some cases, (we believe rare), even if the forwarder is not open to the internet,\u201d they said.\n\nAlso, if a dnsmasq server is only configured to listen to connections received from within an internal network \u2013 and an attacker gains a foothold on any device in that network \u2013 they would be able to perform the attack. Or, if a dnsmasq server is only configured to listen to connections received from within an internal network but the network is open (including an airport network or a corporate guest network) an attacker could perform the attack.\n\n## **The Impact**\n\nThe flaws have varying severity, with CVE-2020-25681 and CVE-2020-25682 being high severity. However, researchers said if these vulnerabilities were chained together they could lead to an array of multi-stage attacks.\n\n\u201cThis is because exploiting some of the vulnerabilities makes it easier to exploit others,\u201d said researchers. \u201cFor example, we found that combining CVE-2020-25682, CVE-2020-25684, and CVE-2020-25685 would result in CVE-2020-25682 having a lower attack complexity (with the same impact) and result in a combined CVSS of 9.8 according to our analysis.\u201d\n\nResearchers disclosed the flaws in August and publicly revealed them this month. These vulnerabilities are addressed in [dnsmasq 2.83;](<http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/?C=M;O=D>) users of internet-of-things (IoT) and embedded devices that use dnsmasq should contact their vendors for further information regarding updates.\n\n\u201cWith the help of CERT/CC and volunteers from several companies, a working group was formed, combining the expertise and extended reach of members from JSOF, CERT/CC, Cisco, Google, Red Hat, Pi-hole and Simon Kelley, the maintainer of dnsmasq, to ensure that the DNSpooq vulnerabilities would be effectively fixed and well documented and communicated,\u201d said researchers.\n\n**Supply-Chain Security: A 10-Point Audit Webinar:** _Is your company\u2019s software supply-chain prepared for an attack? On Wed., Jan. 20 at 2p.m. ET, start identifying weaknesses in your supply-chain with actionable advice from experts \u2013 part of a _[_limited-engagement and LIVE Threatpost webinar_](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/supply-chain-security-a-10-point-audit/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=Jan_webinar>)_. CISOs, AppDev and SysAdmin are invited to ask a panel of A-list cybersecurity experts how they can avoid being caught exposed in a post-SolarWinds-hack world. Attendance is limited: _[**_Register Now_**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/supply-chain-security-a-10-point-audit/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=Jan_webinar>)_ and reserve a spot for this exclusive Threatpost _[_Supply-Chain Security webinar_](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/supply-chain-security-a-10-point-audit/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=Jan_webinar>)_ \u2013 Jan. 20, 2 p.m._\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-01-19T21:25:10", "type": "threatpost", "title": "DNSpooq Flaws Allow DNS Hijacking of Millions of Devices", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-01-19T21:25:10", "id": "THREATPOST:8B647363122969148DB6173D5DA44833", "href": "https://threatpost.com/dnspooq-flaws-allow-dns-hijacking-of-millions-of-devices/163163/", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "suse": [{"lastseen": "2022-04-18T12:40:44", "description": "An update that fixes 7 vulnerabilities is now available.\n\nDescription:\n\n This update for dnsmasq fixes the following issues:\n\n - bsc#1177077: Fixed DNSpooq vulnerabilities\n - CVE-2020-25684, CVE-2020-25685, CVE-2020-25686: Fixed multiple Cache\n Poisoning attacks.\n - CVE-2020-25681, CVE-2020-25682, CVE-2020-25683, CVE-2020-25687: Fixed\n multiple potential Heap-based overflows when DNSSEC is enabled.\n\n - Retry query to other servers on receipt of SERVFAIL rcode (bsc#1176076)\n\n This update was imported from the SUSE:SLE-15-SP1:Update update project.\n\n\nPatch Instructions:\n\n To install this openSUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods\n like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n\n Alternatively you can run the command listed for your product:\n\n - openSUSE Leap 15.2:\n\n zypper in -t patch openSUSE-2021-124=1", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.1, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-20T00:00:00", "type": "suse", "title": "Security update for dnsmasq (important)", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-01-20T00:00:00", "id": "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0124-1", "href": "https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/GY5KV2WHBZG4XCWVKZOU4DFCHSMBT5KV/", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-11-06T17:58:55", "description": "An update that fixes 7 vulnerabilities is now available.\n\nDescription:\n\n This update for dnsmasq fixes the following issues:\n\n - bsc#1177077: Fixed DNSpooq vulnerabilities\n - CVE-2020-25684, CVE-2020-25685, CVE-2020-25686: Fixed multiple Cache\n Poisoning attacks.\n - CVE-2020-25681, CVE-2020-25682, CVE-2020-25683, CVE-2020-25687: Fixed\n multiple potential Heap-based overflows when DNSSEC is enabled.\n\n - Retry query to other servers on receipt of SERVFAIL rcode (bsc#1176076)\n\n This update was imported from the SUSE:SLE-15-SP1:Update update project.\n\n\nPatch Instructions:\n\n To install this openSUSE Security Update use the SUSE recommended installation methods\n like YaST online_update or \"zypper patch\".\n\n Alternatively you can run the command listed for your product:\n\n - openSUSE Leap 15.1:\n\n zypper in -t patch openSUSE-2021-129=1", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.1, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-20T00:00:00", "type": "suse", "title": "Security update for dnsmasq (important)", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-01-20T00:00:00", "id": "OPENSUSE-SU-2021:0129-1", "href": "https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/security-announce@lists.opensuse.org/thread/6B57K75B7OP43O3RNF2Q6TTLL4DZ6KPE/", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}], "cisco": [{"lastseen": "2023-12-02T16:49:15", "description": "A set of previously unknown vulnerabilities in the DNS forwarder implementation of dnsmasq were disclosed on January 19, 2021. The vulnerabilities are collectively known as DNSpooq.\n\nExploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in remote code execution or denial of service (DoS), or may allow an attacker to more easily forge DNS answers that can poison DNS caches, depending on the specific vulnerability.\n\nMultiple Cisco products are affected by these vulnerabilities.\n\nCisco will release software updates that address these vulnerabilities. Any workarounds for a specific Cisco product or service will be documented in the relevant Cisco bugs, which are identified in the Vulnerable Products [\"#vp\"] section of this advisory.\n\nNote: At the time of publication, no Cisco products were found to be affected by the remote code execution and DoS vulnerabilities, which are identified by the following Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) IDs:\n\nCVE-2020-25681\nCVE-2020-25682\nCVE-2020-25683\nCVE-2020-25687\n\nThis advisory is available at the following link:\nhttps://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-dnsmasq-dns-2021-c5mrdf3g [\"https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-dnsmasq-dns-2021-c5mrdf3g\"]", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-01-19T12:15:00", "type": "cisco", "title": "Multiple Vulnerabilities in dnsmasq DNS Forwarder Affecting Cisco Products: January 2021", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-08-30T17:24:42", "id": "CISCO-SA-DNSMASQ-DNS-2021-C5MRDF3G", "href": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-dnsmasq-dns-2021-c5mrdf3g", "cvss": {"score": 5.9, "vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H"}}], "slackware": [{"lastseen": "2023-12-02T16:44:33", "description": "New dnsmasq packages are available for Slackware 14.0, 14.1, 14.2, and -current\nto fix security issues.\n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 14.2 ChangeLog:\n\npatches/packages/dnsmasq-2.84-i586-1_slack14.2.txz: Upgraded.\n This update fixes bugs and remotely exploitable security issues:\n Use the values of --min-port and --max-port in outgoing\n TCP connections to upstream DNS servers.\n Fix a remote buffer overflow problem in the DNSSEC code. Any\n dnsmasq with DNSSEC compiled in and enabled is vulnerable to this,\n referenced by CVE-2020-25681, CVE-2020-25682, CVE-2020-25683\n CVE-2020-25687.\n Be sure to only accept UDP DNS query replies at the address\n from which the query was originated. This keeps as much entropy\n in the {query-ID, random-port} tuple as possible, to help defeat\n cache poisoning attacks. Refer: CVE-2020-25684.\n Use the SHA-256 hash function to verify that DNS answers\n received are for the questions originally asked. This replaces\n the slightly insecure SHA-1 (when compiled with DNSSEC) or\n the very insecure CRC32 (otherwise). Refer: CVE-2020-25685.\n Handle multiple identical near simultaneous DNS queries better.\n Previously, such queries would all be forwarded\n independently. This is, in theory, inefficent but in practise\n not a problem, _except_ that is means that an answer for any\n of the forwarded queries will be accepted and cached.\n An attacker can send a query multiple times, and for each repeat,\n another {port, ID} becomes capable of accepting the answer he is\n sending in the blind, to random IDs and ports. The chance of a\n succesful attack is therefore multiplied by the number of repeats\n of the query. The new behaviour detects repeated queries and\n merely stores the clients sending repeats so that when the\n first query completes, the answer can be sent to all the\n clients who asked. Refer: CVE-2020-25686.\n For more information, see:\n https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-25681\n https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-25682\n https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-25683\n https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-25684\n https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-25685\n https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-25686\n https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2020-25687\n (* Security fix *)\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you.\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.0/patches/packages/dnsmasq-2.84-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.0/patches/packages/dnsmasq-2.84-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.1/patches/packages/dnsmasq-2.84-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.1:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.1/patches/packages/dnsmasq-2.84-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-14.2/patches/packages/dnsmasq-2.84-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 14.2:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-14.2/patches/packages/dnsmasq-2.84-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/n/dnsmasq-2.84-i586-1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/n/dnsmasq-2.84-x86_64-1.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n\nSlackware 14.0 package:\n21656a83c165a785f6fadab6a1af1719 dnsmasq-2.84-i486-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.0 package:\n90cd9eda688df52f01a984506b1248b1 dnsmasq-2.84-x86_64-1_slack14.0.txz\n\nSlackware 14.1 package:\n2bde4367a591308ecde01f438cd1c01e dnsmasq-2.84-i486-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.1 package:\nb926b57679a8c420259c72fab90c73b6 dnsmasq-2.84-x86_64-1_slack14.1.txz\n\nSlackware 14.2 package:\n433bd15bc94f577ac2235d246ec222c0 dnsmasq-2.84-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 14.2 package:\n76081b1d11ac9b9ec3f8580163713163 dnsmasq-2.84-x86_64-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\n5dab2510f2d679a10b2b9881f8578053 n/dnsmasq-2.84-i586-1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\nd1fca4e7b70ebdb7136288a3f1707813 n/dnsmasq-2.84-x86_64-1.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n > upgradepkg dnsmasq-2.84-i586-1_slack14.2.txz\n\nThen restart dnsmasq if you are using it:\n > sh /etc/rc.d/rc.dnsmasq restart", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.1, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-02-09T20:59:31", "type": "slackware", "title": "[slackware-security] dnsmasq", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-02-09T20:59:31", "id": "SSA-2021-040-01", "href": "http://www.slackware.com/security/viewer.php?l=slackware-security&y=2021&m=slackware-security.585069", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}], "photon": [{"lastseen": "2021-11-03T20:57:22", "description": "An update of {'dnsmasq'} packages of Photon OS has been released.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.1, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "type": "photon", "title": "Home\nDownload Photon OS\nUser Documentation\nFAQ\nSecurity Advisories\nRelated Information\n\nLightwave - PHSA-2021-2.0-0312", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 8.5, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "id": "PHSA-2021-2.0-0312", "href": "https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Security-Updates-2-312", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-12-02T18:37:15", "description": "Updates of ['dnsmasq'] packages of Photon OS have been released.\n", "cvss3": {"cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}}, "published": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "type": "photon", "title": "Important Photon OS Security Update - PHSA-2021-0312", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687", "CVE-2023-34060"], "modified": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "id": "PHSA-2021-0312", "href": "https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Security-Update-2.0-312", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-11-03T11:48:04", "description": "An update of {'dnsmasq', 'sudo'} packages of Photon OS has been released.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.1, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "type": "photon", "title": "Home\nDownload Photon OS\nUser Documentation\nFAQ\nSecurity Advisories\nRelated Information\n\nLightwave - PHSA-2021-1.0-0356", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 8.5, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687", "CVE-2021-23240"], "modified": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "id": "PHSA-2021-1.0-0356", "href": "https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Security-Updates-1.0-356", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-12-02T18:58:05", "description": "Updates of ['dnsmasq', 'sudo'] packages of Photon OS have been released.\n", "cvss3": {"cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}}, "published": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "type": "photon", "title": "Important Photon OS Security Update - PHSA-2021-0356", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687", "CVE-2021-23240", "CVE-2023-34060"], "modified": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "id": "PHSA-2021-0356", "href": "https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Security-Update-1.0-356", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-12-03T06:17:00", "description": "Updates of ['sudo', 'nodejs', 'dnsmasq', 'atftp'] packages of Photon OS have been released.\n", "cvss3": {"cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}}, "published": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "type": "photon", "title": "Important Photon OS Security Update - PHSA-2021-3.0-0186", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687", "CVE-2020-6097", "CVE-2020-8265", "CVE-2021-23240", "CVE-2023-34060"], "modified": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "id": "PHSA-2021-3.0-0186", "href": "https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Security-Update-3.0-186", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-12T18:44:51", "description": "Updates of ['sudo', 'nodejs', 'atftp', 'dnsmasq'] packages of Photon OS have been released.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.1, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "type": "photon", "title": "Important Photon OS Security Update - PHSA-2021-0186", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687", "CVE-2020-6097", "CVE-2020-8265", "CVE-2021-23240"], "modified": "2021-01-22T00:00:00", "id": "PHSA-2021-0186", "href": "https://github.com/vmware/photon/wiki/Security-Update-3.0-186", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}], "almalinux": [{"lastseen": "2021-08-11T15:48:34", "description": "The dnsmasq packages contain Dnsmasq, a lightweight DNS (Domain Name Server) forwarder and DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server.\n\nSecurity Fix(es):\n\n* dnsmasq: heap-based buffer overflow in sort_rrset() when DNSSEC is enabled (CVE-2020-25681)\n\n* dnsmasq: buffer overflow in extract_name() due to missing length check when DNSSEC is enabled (CVE-2020-25682)\n\n* dnsmasq: heap-based buffer overflow with large memcpy in get_rdata() when DNSSEC is enabled (CVE-2020-25683)\n\n* dnsmasq: loose address/port check in reply_query() makes forging replies easier for an off-path attacker (CVE-2020-25684)\n\n* dnsmasq: loose query name check in reply_query() makes forging replies easier for an off-path attacker (CVE-2020-25685)\n\n* dnsmasq: multiple queries forwarded for the same name makes forging replies easier for an off-path attacker (CVE-2020-25686)\n\n* dnsmasq: heap-based buffer overflow with large memcpy in sort_rrset() when DNSSEC is enabled (CVE-2020-25687)\n\nFor more details about the security issue(s), including the impact, a CVSS score, acknowledgments, and other related information, refer to the CVE page(s) listed in the References section.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.1, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-19T12:37:10", "type": "almalinux", "title": "Important: dnsmasq security update", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 8.5, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-08-11T13:42:14", "id": "ALSA-2021:0150", "href": "https://errata.almalinux.org/8/ALSA-2021-0150.html", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}], "ics": [{"lastseen": "2023-12-02T17:36:41", "description": "## 1\\. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY\n\n * **CVSS v3 8.1**\n * **ATTENTION: **Exploitable remotely/low skill level to exploit\n * **Vendor: **dnsmasq by Simon Kelley\n * **Equipment: **dnsmasq\n * **Vulnerabilities:** Heap-based Buffer Overflow, Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity, Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm\n\nCISA is aware of a public report, known as \u201cDNSpooq\u201d that details vulnerabilities found in dnsmasq, a prevalent lightweight DNS and DHCP server developed and maintained by Simon Kelley. CISA is issuing this advisory to provide early notice of the reported vulnerabilities and identify baseline mitigations for reducing risks to these and other cybersecurity attacks.\n\n## 2\\. UPDATE INFORMATION\n\nThis updated advisory is a follow-up to the original advisory titled ICSA-21-019-01 dnsmasq by Simon Kelley that was published January 19th, 2021, on the ICS webpage on us-cert.cisa.gov.\n\n## 3\\. RISK EVALUATION\n\nSuccessful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in cache poisoning, remote code execution, and a denial-of-service condition.\n\n## 4\\. TECHNICAL DETAILS\n\n### 4.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS\n\nThe following versions of dnsmasq DNS and DHCP server are affected:\n\n * Version 2.8.2 and prior\n\n### 4.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW\n\n#### 4.2.1 [HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/122.html>)\n\nA heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in dnsmasq in the way it sorts RRSets before validating them with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network could forge DNS replies to be accepted as valid to cause an overflow with arbitrary data in a heap-allocated memory, resulting in code execution.\n\n[CVE-2020-25681](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-25681>) has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ([AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H](<https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H>)).\n\n#### 4.2.2 [HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/122.html>)\n\nA buffer overflow vulnerability was discovered in the way dnsmasq extracts names from DNS packets before validating them with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network could create valid DNS replies to cause an overflow with arbitrary data in a heap-allocated memory, resulting in code execution.\n\n[CVE-2020-25682](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-25682>) has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ([AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H](<https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H>)).\n\n#### 4.2.3 [HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/122.html>)\n\nA heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in dnsmasq when DNSSEC is enabled and before it validates the received DNS entries. A remote attacker could create valid DNS replies to cause an overflow in a heap-allocated memory and cause a crash in dnsmasq, resulting in a denial-of-service condition. \n\n[CVE-2020-25683](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-25683>) has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ([AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H](<https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H>)).\n\n#### 4.2.4 [INSUFFICIENT VERIFICATION OF DATA AUTHENTICITY CWE-345](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/345.html>)\n\nA vulnerability exists when getting a reply from a forwarded query, where dnsmasq checks in forward.c:reply_query() if the reply destination address/port is used by the pending forwarded queries. This could allow an attacker to perform a DNS cache poisoning attack. \n\n[CVE-2020-25684](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-25684>) has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 4.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ([AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N](<https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N>)).\n\n#### 4.2.5 [USE OF A BROKEN OR RISKY CRYPTOGRAPHIC ALGORITHM CWE-327](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/327.html>)\n\nDue to a weak hash, an off-path attacker can find several different domains with the same hash, substantially reducing the number of attempts to forge a reply for acceptance by dnsmasq. This could allow an attacker to perform a DNS cache poisoning attack. \n\n[CVE-2020-25685](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-25685>) has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 4.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ([AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N](<https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N>)).\n\n#### 4.2.6 [INSUFFICIENT VERIFICATION OF DATA AUTHENTICITY CWE-345](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/345.html>)\n\nA flaw was found when receiving a query, where dnsmasq does not check for an existing pending request for the same name and forwards a new request. This could allow an off-path attacker on the network to substantially reduce the number of attempts to forge a reply and have it accepted by dnsmasq. \n\n[CVE-2020-25686](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-25686>) has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 4.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ([AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N](<https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N>)).\n\n#### 4.2.7 [HEAP-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-122](<https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/122.html>)\n\nA heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in dnsmasq when DNSSEC is enabled and before it validates the received DNS entries. A remote attacker could create valid DNS replies and cause an overflow in heap-allocated memory, resulting in a denial-of-service condition. \n\n[CVE-2020-25687](<http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2020-25687>) has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ([AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H](<https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H>)).\n\n### 4.3 BACKGROUND\n\n * **CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: **Multiple\n * **COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: **Worldwide\n * **COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION:** United Kingdom\n\n### 4.4 RESEARCHER\n\nMoshe Kol and Shlomi Oberman of JSOF reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.\n\n## 5\\. MITIGATIONS\n\nThe maintainers of dnsmasq recommend users update to the [latest version (2.83 or later)](<http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/>) \nThe researcher has recommended the following mitigations and workarounds:\n\n * Implement Layer 2 security features such as DHCP snooping and IP source guard. \n * Configure dnsmasq not to listen to WAN interfaces if unnecessary. \n * Reduce the maximum queries allowed to be forwarded with the option --dns-forward-max=<queries>. The default is 150, but it could be lowered.\n * Temporarily disable DNSSEC validation option until you patch.\n * Use DNS-over-HTTPS or DNS-over-TLS to connect to upstream server.\n\n**\\--------- Begin Update A Part 1 of 1 ---------**\n\nAdditional vendors affected by the reported vulnerabilities have also released security advisories related to their affected products. Those advisories are as follows:\n\n * [Siemens](<https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-646763.pdf>)\n\n**\\--------- End Update A Part 1 of 1 ---------**\n\nCISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability. Specifically, users should:\n\n * Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and ensure that they are [not accessible from the Internet](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/alerts/ICS-ALERT-10-301-01>).\n * Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and isolate them from the business network.\n * When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.\n\nCISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.\n\nCISA also provides a section for [control systems security recommended practices](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/recommended-practices>) on the ICS webpage on [us-cert.cisa.gov](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics>). Several recommended practices are available for reading and download, including [Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/recommended_practices/NCCIC_ICS-CERT_Defense_in_Depth_2016_S508C.pdf>).\n\nAdditional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the [ICS webpage on us-cert.cisa.gov](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics>) in the Technical Information Paper, [ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/tips/ICS-TIP-12-146-01B>).\n\nOrganizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their established internal procedures and report their findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.\n\nCISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks: \n\n * Do not click web links or open unsolicited attachments in email messages. \n * Refer to [Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/emailscams_0905.pdf>) for more information on avoiding email scams. \n * Refer to [Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/tips/ST04-014>) for more information on social engineering attacks.\n\nNo known public exploits specifically target these vulnerabilities. \n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.1, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-03-09T12:00:00", "type": "ics", "title": "dnsmasq by Simon Kelley (Update A)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2021-03-09T12:00:00", "id": "ICSA-21-019-01", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-21-019-01", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}], "redhatcve": [{"lastseen": "2023-12-02T17:38:42", "description": "A flaw was found in dnsmasq. A heap-based buffer overflow was discovered in the way RRSets are sorted before validating with DNSSEC data. An attacker on the network, who can forge DNS replies such as that they are accepted as valid, could use this flaw to cause a buffer overflow with arbitrary data in a heap memory segment, possibly executing code on the machine. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.\n#### Mitigation\n\nThe only known way to mitigate this flaw is to disable DNSSEC altogether, by removing the `--dnssec` command line option or the `dnssec` option from dnsmasq configuration file. \n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.1, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-01-19T12:18:18", "type": "redhatcve", "title": "CVE-2020-25681", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 8.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 8.5, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25681", "CVE-2020-25682", "CVE-2020-25683", "CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686", "CVE-2020-25687"], "modified": "2023-04-06T07:32:33", "id": "RH:CVE-2020-25681", "href": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2020-25681", "cvss": {"score": 8.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-12-02T17:38:40", "description": "A flaw was found in dnsmasq. When getting a reply from a forwarded query, dnsmasq checks in the forward.c:reply_query() if the reply destination address/port is used by the pending forwarded queries. However, it does not use the address/port to retrieve the exact forwarded query, substantially reducing the number of attempts an attacker on the network would have to perform to forge a reply and get it accepted by dnsmasq. This issue contrasts with RFC5452, which specifies a query's attributes that all must be used to match a reply. This flaw allows an attacker to perform a DNS Cache Poisoning attack. If chained with CVE-2020-25685 or CVE-2020-25686, the attack complexity of a successful attack is reduced. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.\n#### Mitigation\n\nThe impact of this flaw can be reduced by disabling the dnsmasq cache by adding `--cache-size=0` when calling dnsmasq or by adding a line with `cache-size=0` to the dnsmasq configuration file (/etc/dnsmasq.conf by default). \n\n\nWhen using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.3 with libvirt through a virt:rhel module, use `virsh net-edit <network-name>` and reference <https://libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html#elementsNamespaces> to add the suggested option `cache-size=0`. \n\n\nThere is no way to customize the dnsmasq configuration generated by libvirt, when using versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux prior to version 8.3. If dnsmasq is being run through NetworkManager, create a new file in /etc/NetworkManager/dnsmasq.d/ and add `cache-size=0` to it. \n\n\nIn all cases, by disabling the cache, you may experience a performance loss in your environment due to all DNS queries being forwarded to the upstream servers. Please evaluate if the mitigation is appropriate for the system\u2019s environment before applying. \n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "HIGH", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "LOW", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 3.7, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 1.4}, "published": "2021-01-19T14:57:23", "type": "redhatcve", "title": "CVE-2020-25684", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-25684", "CVE-2020-25685", "CVE-2020-25686"], "modified": "2023-08-31T16:00:34", "id": "RH:CVE-
Photon OS 2.0: Dnsmasq PHSA-2021-2.0-0312
