Next.js Framework React Server Components Remote Code Execution (CVE-2025-55182)

#%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80900
##
# (C) Tenable, Inc.
##

include('compat.inc');

if (description)
{
  script_id(277108);
  script_version("1.9");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2026/02/27");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2025-55182");
  script_xref(name:"IAVA", value:"2025-A-0874");
  script_xref(name:"CISA-KNOWN-EXPLOITED", value:"2025/12/12");
  script_xref(name:"IAVA", value:"2025-A-0929-S");

  script_name(english:"Next.js Framework React Server Components Remote Code Execution (CVE-2025-55182)");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The Next.js Framework on the remote host is affected by a remote code execution vulnerability.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The Next.js Framework on the remote host is affected by a remote code execution vulnerability:

  - A pre-authentication remote code execution vulnerability exists in React Server Components versions 19.0.0, 19.1.0,
    19.1.1, and 19.2.0 including the following packages: react-server-dom-parcel, react-server-dom-turbopack, and
    react-server-dom-webpack. The vulnerable code unsafely deserializes payloads from HTTP requests to Server Function
    endpoints.(CVE-2025-55182)

Note that Nessus has not tested for these issues but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version
number.");
  # https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-9qr9-h5gf-34mp
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?c46ffecc");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"https://nextjs.org/blog/CVE-2025-66478");
  # https://www.wiz.io/blog/critical-vulnerability-in-react-cve-2025-55182
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?fa85a7ea");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Next.js Framework version 15.0.5, 15.1.9, 15.2.6, 15.3.6, 15.4.8, 15.5.7, or 16.0.7 or later.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"agent", value:"all");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2025-55182");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_malware", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'Unauthenticated RCE in React Server Components (React2Shell)');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2025/12/03");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2025/12/03");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2025/12/03");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"local");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"asset_categories", value:"component");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:vercel:next.js");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"stig_severity", value:"I");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"thorough_tests", value:"true");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_GATHER_INFO);
  script_family(english:"Misc.");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2025-2026 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("nodejs_modules_win_installed.nbin", "nodejs_modules_linux_installed.nbin", "nodejs_modules_mac_installed.nbin");
  script_require_keys("Host/nodejs/modules/enumerated");

  exit(0);
}

include('vcf_extras_nodejs.inc');

get_kb_item_or_exit('Host/nodejs/modules/enumerated');

# handle canary builds, e.g. 14.3.0-canary.77
vcf::add_separator('-');
vcf::add_conversions({'canary':-25});

var app_info = vcf_extras::nodejs_modules::get_app_info(app:'next');

if (empty_or_null(app_info))
  audit(AUDIT_NOT_INST, 'next');

var constraints = [
  {'min_version':'14.3.0-canary.77', 'fixed_version':'15.0.5'},
  {'min_version':'15.1.0', 'fixed_version':'15.1.9'},
  {'min_version':'15.2.0', 'fixed_version':'15.2.6'},
  {'min_version':'15.3.0', 'fixed_version':'15.3.6'},
  {'min_version':'15.4.0', 'fixed_version':'15.4.8'},
  {'min_version':'15.5.0', 'fixed_version':'15.5.7'},
  {'min_version':'16.0.0', 'fixed_version':'16.0.7'}
];
vcf::check_version_and_report(app_info:app_info, constraints:constraints, severity:SECURITY_HOLE);