XNU 1228.9.59 and earlier on Apple Mac OS X 10.5.6 and earlier does not properly restrict interaction between user space and the HFS IOCTL handler, which allows local users to overwrite kernel memory and gain privileges by attaching an HFS+ disk image and performing certain steps involving HFS_GET_BOOT_INFO fcntl calls.
lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2009/Aug/msg00001.html
secunia.com/advisories/34424
secunia.com/advisories/36096
support.apple.com/kb/HT3757
www.digit-labs.org/files/exploits/xnu-hfs-fcntl-v2.c
www.digit-labs.org/files/exploits/xnu-hfs-fcntl-v2.sh
www.informationweek.com/news/hardware/mac/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=216401181
www.securityfocus.com/bid/34203
www.securitytracker.com/id?1022671
www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA09-218A.html
www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/0822
www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/2172
www.exploit-db.com/exploits/8266