A vulnerability in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R12 could allow an authenticated administrator to perform a file write via a maliciously crafted archive uploaded in the administrator web interface.
{"seebug": [{"lastseen": "2021-08-10T12:18:02", "description": "", "cvss3": {}, "published": "2021-08-10T00:00:00", "type": "seebug", "title": "Pulse Connect Secure \u6388\u6743 RCE (CVE-2021-22937) \u6f0f\u6d1e", "bulletinFamily": "exploit", "cvss2": {}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-22937"], "modified": "2021-08-10T00:00:00", "id": "SSV:99327", "href": "https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-99327", "sourceData": "", "sourceHref": "", "cvss": {"score": 0.0, "vector": "NONE"}}], "thn": [{"lastseen": "2022-05-09T12:39:15", "description": "[](<https://thehackernews.com/images/-RY_dyS_4TCQ/YRDt_NkuUVI/AAAAAAAADeQ/wS5GjyTOcHgamafaxl_uz3MdktJc_UMHACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/pulse-secure-vpn.jpg>)\n\nPulse Secure has shipped a fix for a critical post-authentication remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability in its Connect Secure virtual private network (VPN) appliances to address an incomplete patch for an actively exploited flaw it previously resolved in October 2020.\n\n\"The Pulse Connect Secure appliance suffers from an uncontrolled archive extraction vulnerability which allows an attacker to overwrite arbitrary files, resulting in Remote Code Execution as root,\" NCC Group's Richard Warren [disclosed](<https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/08/05/technical-advisory-pulse-connect-secure-rce-via-uncontrolled-archive-extraction-cve-2021-22937-patch-bypass/>) on Friday. \"This vulnerability is a bypass of the patch for [CVE-2020-8260](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8260>).\"\n\n\"An attacker with such access will be able to circumvent any restrictions enforced via the web application, as well as remount the filesystem, allowing them to create a persistent backdoor, extract and decrypt credentials, compromise VPN clients, or pivot into the internal network,\" Warren added.\n\nThe disclosure comes days after Ivanti, the company behind Pulse Secure, [published an advisory](<https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44858>) for as many as six security vulnerabilities on August 2, urging customers to move quickly to update to Pulse Connect Secure version 9.1R12 to secure against any exploitation attempts targeting the flaws.\n\nTracked as CVE-2021-22937 (CVSS score: 9.1), the shortcoming could \"allow an authenticated administrator to perform a file write via a maliciously crafted archive uploaded in the administrator web interface,\" according to Pulse Secure. CVE-2020-8260 (CVSS core: 7.2), which concerns an arbitrary code execution flaw using uncontrolled gzip extraction, was [remediated](<https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44601>) in October 2020 with version 9.1R9.\n\n\"CVE-2021-2293 is a separate vulnerability and is not a bypass of CVE-2020-8260, but is similar in terms of impact and vulnerability type, which is why we assigned a separate CVE,\" Daniel Spicer, Invanti's vice president of security, said in a statement to The Hacker News.\n\nThe vulnerability is due to a flaw in the way that archive files (.TAR) are extracted in the administrator web interface. While further checks were added to validate the TAR file to prevent exploitation of CVE-2020-8260, additional variant and patch analysis revealed that it's possible to exploit the same extraction vulnerability in the part of the source code that handles profiler device databases, effectively getting around the mitigations put in place.\n\n\"Whilst this issue was patched by adding validation to extracted files, this validation does not apply to archives with the 'profiler' type,\" Warren said. \"Therefore, by simply modifying the original CVE-2020-8260 exploit to change the archive type to 'profiler', the patch can be bypassed, and code execution achieved.\"\n\nIt's worth noting that CVE-2020-8260 was one among the four Pulse Secure flaws that was [actively exploited by threat actors](<https://thehackernews.com/2021/04/warning-hackers-exploit-unpatched-pulse.html>) earlier this April to stage a series of intrusions targeting defense, government, and financial entities in the U.S. and beyond in a bid to circumvent multi-factor authentication protections and breach enterprise networks. Given the possibility of real-world exploitation, it's highly recommended to upgrade to Pulse Connect Secure (PCS) 9.1R12, or later.\n\n\"A rigorous code review is just one of the steps we are taking to further bolster our security and protect our customers,\" Spicer [said](<https://blog.pulsesecure.net/improved-security-testing-procedures/>). \"For instance, we are also further expanding our existing internal product security resources to ramp up the pace and intensity of testing on existing products as well as those of companies or systems that we integrate into Ivanti.\"\n\n \n\n\nFound this article interesting? Follow THN on [Facebook](<https://www.facebook.com/thehackernews>), [Twitter _\uf099_](<https://twitter.com/thehackersnews>) and [LinkedIn](<https://www.linkedin.com/company/thehackernews/>) to read more exclusive content we post.\n", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-09T09:00:00", "type": "thn", "title": "Pulse Secure VPNs Get New Urgent Update for Poorly Patched Critical Flaw", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-8260", "CVE-2021-2293", "CVE-2021-22937"], "modified": "2021-08-10T07:48:11", "id": "THN:9FB8DE3BF545932321335F2C525A4A36", "href": "https://thehackernews.com/2021/08/pulse-secure-vpns-get-new-urgent-update.html", "cvss": {"score": 6.5, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P"}}], "nessus": [{"lastseen": "2023-01-24T14:51:31", "description": "According to its self-reported version, the version of Pulse Connect Secure running on the remote host is prior to 9.1R12. It is, therefore, affected by multiple vulnerabilities, including:\n\n - A vulnerability in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R12 could allow an authenticated administrator to perform a file write via a maliciously crafted archive uploaded in the administrator web interface. (CVE-2021-22937)\n\n - A vulnerability in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R12 could allow an authenticated administrator to perform command injection via an unsanitized web parameter. (CVE-2021-22935)\n\n - A vulnerability in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R12 could allow a threat actor to perform a cross-site script attack against an authenticated administrator via an unsanitized web parameter. (CVE-2021-22936)\n\nNote that Nessus has not tested for this issue but has instead relied only on the application's self-reported version number.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 1.2, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.2, "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1", "userInteraction": "NONE"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-05T00:00:00", "type": "nessus", "title": "Pulse Connect Secure < 9.1R12 (SA44858)", "bulletinFamily": "scanner", "cvss2": {"severity": "MEDIUM", "exploitabilityScore": 8.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 6.5, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "SINGLE"}, "impactScore": 6.4, "acInsufInfo": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2021-22933", "CVE-2021-22934", "CVE-2021-22935", "CVE-2021-22936", "CVE-2021-22937", "CVE-2021-22938"], "modified": "2023-01-23T00:00:00", "cpe": ["cpe:/a:pulsesecure:pulse_connect_secure"], "id": "PULSE_CONNECT_SECURE-SA44858.NASL", "href": "https://www.tenable.com/plugins/nessus/152231", "sourceData": "#%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 70300\n##\n# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.\n##\n\ninclude('deprecated_nasl_level.inc');\ninclude('compat.inc');\n\nif (description)\n{\n script_id(152231);\n script_version(\"1.8\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"plugin_modification_date\", value:\"2023/01/23\");\n\n script_cve_id(\n \"CVE-2021-22933\",\n \"CVE-2021-22934\",\n \"CVE-2021-22935\",\n \"CVE-2021-22936\",\n \"CVE-2021-22937\",\n \"CVE-2021-22938\"\n );\n script_xref(name:\"IAVA\", value:\"2021-A-0363-S\");\n script_xref(name:\"CEA-ID\", value:\"CEA-2021-0039\");\n\n script_name(english:\"Pulse Connect Secure < 9.1R12 (SA44858)\");\n\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"synopsis\", value:\n\"The remote device is affected by multiple vulnerabilities.\");\n script_set_attribute(attribute:\"description\", value:\n\"According to its self-reported version, the version of Pulse Connect Secure running on the remote host is prior to\n9.1R12. 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The \u201chacker summer camp\u201d conferences frequently also highlight attack surface area that may _not_ be net-new \u2014 but that is subjected to renewed and redoubled community interest coming out of Vegas week. See Rapid7\u2019s summaries [here](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/05/black-hat-recap-1/>) and [here](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/06/black-hat-recap-2/>).\n\nHere\u2019s the specific attack surface area and a few of the exploit chains we\u2019re keeping our eye on right now:\n\n * Orange Tsai stole the show (as always) at Black Hat with a talk on fresh **Microsoft Exchange** attack surface area. All in all, Orange discussed CVEs from [what appears to be four separate attack chains](<https://blog.orange.tw/2021/08/proxylogon-a-new-attack-surface-on-ms-exchange-part-1.html>) \u2014including the ProxyLogon exploit chain that made headlines when it hit exposed Exchange servers as a zero-day attack [back in March](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/03/03/mass-exploitation-of-exchange-server-zero-day-cves-what-you-need-to-know/>) and the \u201cProxyShell\u201d exploit chain, which debuted at Pwn2Own and targets three now-patched CVEs in Exchange. Exchange continues to be a critically important attack surface area, and defenders should keep patched on a top-priority or zero-day basis wherever possible.\n * Print spooler vulnerabilities continue to cause nightmares. DEF CON saw the release of new privilege escalation exploits for Windows Print Spooler, and Black Hat featured a talk by Sangfor Technologies researchers that chronicled both [new Windows Print Spooler vulnerabilities](<https://attackerkb.com/assessments/85a30c9a-e126-4ec0-bda4-d166e03c5390>) and past patch bypasses for vulns like CVE-2020-1048 (whose patch was bypassed three times). Given that many defenders are still trying to remediate the \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d vulnerability from several weeks ago, it\u2019s fair to say that Windows Print Spooler will remain an important attack surface area to prioritize in future Patch Tuesdays.\n * There\u2019s also a new vulnerability in Pulse Connect Secure VPNs that caught our attention \u2014 the vuln is actually a bypass for CVE-2020-8260, which came out last fall and evidently didn\u2019t completely fade away \u2014 despite the fact that it\u2019s authenticated and requires admin access. With CISA\u2019s warnings about APT attacks against Pulse Connect Secure devices, it\u2019s probably wise to patch CVE-2021-22937 quickly.\n * And finally, the SpecterOps crew gave a highly anticipated Black Hat talk on several new attack techniques that [abuse Active Directory Certificate Services](<https://posts.specterops.io/certified-pre-owned-d95910965cd2>) \u2014 something we covered previously in our summary of the [PetitPotam attack chain](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/03/petitpotam-novel-attack-chain-can-fully-compromise-windows-domains-running-ad-cs/>). This is neat research for red teams, and it may well show up on blue teams\u2019 pentest reports.\n\n### Microsoft Exchange ProxyShell chain\n\n**Patches:** Available \n**Threat status:** Possible threat (at least one report of exploitation in the wild)\n\nIt goes without saying that Microsoft Exchange is a high-value, popular attack surface that gets constant attention from threat actors and researchers alike. That attention is increasing yet again after prominent security researcher Orange Tsai gave a talk at Black Hat USA last week revealing details on an attack chain first demonstrated at Pwn2Own. The chain, dubbed \u201cProxyShell,\u201d allows an attacker to take over an unpatched Exchange server. ProxyShell is similar to ProxyLogon (i.e., [CVE-2021-26855](<https://attackerkb.com/assessments/a5c77ede-3824-4176-a955-d6cf9a6a7417>) and [CVE-2021-27065](<https://attackerkb.com/assessments/74177979-e2ef-4078-9f91-993964292cfa>)), which continues to be popular in targeted attacks and opportunistic scans despite the fact that it was patched in March 2021.\n\nTwo of the three vulnerabilities used for ProxyShell were patched in April by Microsoft and the third was patched in July. As of August 9, 2021, private exploits have already been developed, and it\u2019s probably only a matter of time before public exploit code is released, which may allow for broader exploitation of the vulns in this attack chain (in spite of its complexity!). Rapid7 estimates that there are, at least, nearly 75,000 ProxyShell-vulnerable exchange servers online:\n\n\n\nWe strongly recommend that Exchange admins confirm that updates have been applied appropriately; if you haven\u2019t patched yet, you should do so immediately on an emergency basis.\n\nOne gotcha when it comes to Exchange administration is that Microsoft only releases security fixes for the [most recent Cumulative Update versions](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/exchange/new-features/updates>), so it\u2019s vital to stay up to date with these quarterly releases in order to react quickly when new patches are published.\n\nProxyShell CVEs:\n\n * [CVE-2021-31207](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31207>)\n * [CVE-2021-34473](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34473>)\n * [CVE-2021-34523\u200b](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34523>)\n\n### Windows Print Spooler \u2014 and more printer woes\n\n**Patches:** Varies by CVE, mostly available \n**Threat status:** Varies by CVE, active and impending\n\nThe Windows Print Spooler was the subject of renewed attention after the premature disclosure of the PrintNightmare vulnerability earlier this summer, followed by new Black Hat and DEF CON talks last week. Among the CVEs discussed were a quartet of 2020 vulns (three of which were bypasses descended from CVE-2020-1048, which has been exploited in the wild since last year), three new remote code execution vulnerabilities arising from memory corruption flaws, and two new local privilege escalation vulnerabilities highlighted by researcher [Jacob Baines](<https://twitter.com/Junior_Baines>). Of this last group, one vulnerability \u2014 CVE-2021-38085 \u2014 remains unpatched.\n\nOn August 11, 2021, Microsoft assigned [CVE-2021-36958](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36958>) to the latest Print Spooler remote code execution vulnerability which appears to require local system access and user interaction. Further details are limited at this time. However, as mitigation, Microsoft is continuing to recommend stopping and disabling the Print Spooler service. Even after this latest zero-day vulnerability is patched, we strongly recommend leaving the Print Spooler service disabled wherever possible. Read Rapid7\u2019s [blog on PrintNightmare](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>) for further details and updates.\n\nWindows Print Spooler and related CVEs:\n\n * [CVE-2020-1048](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/QoQvwrIqEV/cve-2020-1048-windows-print-spooler-elevation-of-privilege-vulnerability?referrer=blog>) (elevation of privilege vuln in Windows Print Spooler presented at Black Hat 2020; exploited in the wild, Metasploit module available)\n * [CVE-2020-1337](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/mEEwlfrTK3/cve-2020-1337?referrer=blog>) (patch bypass for CVE-2020-1048; Metasploit module available)\n * [CVE-2020-17001](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/oGAzAwKy1N/cve-2020-17001?referrer=blog>) (patch bypass variant for CVE-2020-1048)\n * [CVE-2020-17014](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/N9XhrkViyk/cve-2020-17014?referrer=blog>) (patch bypass variant for CVE-2020-1048)\n * [CVE-2020-1300](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/43jdEqsVY1/cve-2020-1300?referrer=blog>) (local privilege escalation technique known as \u201c[EvilPrinter](<https://twitter.com/R3dF09/status/1271485928989528064>)\u201d presented at DEF CON 2020)\n * [CVE-2021-24088](<https://attackerkb.com/assessments/85a30c9a-e126-4ec0-bda4-d166e03c5390>) (new remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows local spooler, as presented at Black Hat 2021)\n * [CVE-2021-24077](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/wiyGYban1l/cve-2021-24077?referrer=blog>) (new remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows Fax Service, as presented at Black Hat 2021)\n * [CVE-2021-1722](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/v1Qm7veSwf/cve-2021-1722?referrer=blog>) (new remote code execution vulnerability in the Windows Fax Service, as presented at Black Hat 2021)\n * [CVE-2021-1675](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/dI1bxlM0ay/cve-2021-1675?referrer=blog>) (elevation of privilege vuln in Windows Print Spooler patched in June 2021)\n * [CVE-2021-34527](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/MIHLz4sY3s/cve-2021-34527-printnightmare?referrer=blog>), aka \u201cPrintNightmare\u201d\n * [CVE-2021-35449](<https://attackerkb.com/topics/9sV2bS0OSj/cve-2021-35449?referrer=blog>) (print driver local privilege escalation vulnerability, as [presented](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdesswZYz-8>) at DEF CON 2021; Metasploit module in progress)\n * [CVE-2021-38085](<https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-38085>) (**unpatched** print driver local privilege escalation vulnerability, as [presented](<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdesswZYz-8>) at DEF CON 2021; Metasploit module in progress)\n * [CVE-2021-36958](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36958>) (**unpatched** remote code execution vulnerability; announced August 11, 2021)\n\nCurrently, both [PrintNightmare](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/06/30/cve-2021-1675-printnightmare-patch-does-not-remediate-vulnerability/>) CVE-2021-34527 and CVE-2020-1048 are known to be exploited in the wild. As the list above demonstrates, patching print spooler and related vulns quickly and completely has been a challenge for Microsoft for the past year or so. The multi-step mitigations required for some vulnerabilities also give attackers an advantage. Defenders should harden printer setups wherever possible, including against malicious driver installation.\n\n### Pulse Connect Secure CVE-2021-22937\n\n**Patch:** Available \n**Threat status:** Impending (Exploitation expected soon)\n\nOn Monday, August 2, 2021, Ivanti published [Security Advisory SA44858](<https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44858>) which, among other fixes, includes a fix for CVE-2021-22937 for Pulse Connect Secure VPN Appliances running 9.1R11 or prior. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability, which carries a CVSSv3 score of 9.1, requires the use of an authenticated administrator account to achieve remote code execution (RCE) as user `root`.\n\nPublic proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit code has not been released as of this writing. However, this vulnerability is simply a workaround for [CVE-2020-8260](<https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/08/12/popular-attack-surfaces-august-2021-what-you-need-to-know/%E2%80%8B%E2%80%8Bhttps://attackerkb.com/topics/MToDzANCY4/cve-2020-8260?referrer=search#vuln-details>), an authentication bypass vulnerability that was heavily utilized by attackers, released in October 2020.\n\nThe Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has been monitoring the [Exploitation of Pulse Connect Secure Vulnerabilities](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa21-110a>) demonstrating that attackers have been targeting Ivanti Pulse Connect Secure products for over a year. Due to attacker focus on Pulse Connect Secure products, and especially last year\u2019s CVE-2020-8260, Rapid7 recommends patching CVE-2021-22937 as soon as possible.\n\n### PetitPotam: Windows domain compromise\n\n**Patches:** Available \n**Threat status:** Threat (Exploited in the wild)\n\nIn July 2021, security researcher [Topotam](<https://github.com/topotam>) published a [PoC implementation](<https://github.com/topotam/PetitPotam>) of a novel NTLM relay attack christened \u201cPetitPotam.\u201d The technique used in the PoC allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to completely take over a Windows domain with the Active Directory Certificate Service (AD CS) running \u2014 including domain controllers. Rapid7 researchers have tested public PoC code against a Windows domain controller setup and confirmed exploitability. One of our [senior researchers](<https://twitter.com/wvuuuuuuuuuuuuu>) summed it up with: "This attack is too easy." You can read Rapid7\u2019s full blog post [here](<https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2021/08/03/petitpotam-novel-attack-chain-can-fully-compromise-windows-domains-running-ad-cs/>).\n\nOn August 10, 2021, Microsoft released a patch that addresses the PetitPotam NTLM relay attack vector in today's Patch Tuesday. Tracked as [CVE-2021-36942](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36942>), the August 2021 Patch Tuesday security update blocks the affected API calls [OpenEncryptedFileRawA](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-openencryptedfilerawa>) and [OpenEncryptedFileRawW](<https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/nf-winbase-openencryptedfileraww>) through the LSARPC interface. Windows administrators should prioritize patching domain controllers and will still need to take additional steps listed in [KB5005413](<https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/kb5005413-mitigating-ntlm-relay-attacks-on-active-directory-certificate-services-ad-cs-3612b773-4043-4aa9-b23d-b87910cd3429>) to ensure their systems are fully mitigated.\n\n### Rapid7 customers\n\nInsightVM and Nexpose customers can assess their exposure to the vulnerabilities in this post with authenticated vulnerability checks. Please note that details haven\u2019t yet been released on CVE-2021-38085 and CVE-2021-36958; therefore, it\u2019s still awaiting analysis and check development.\n\n### Updates\n\n**Pulse Connect Secure CVE-2021-22937** \nOn August 24, 2021, the Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) released [Malware Analysis Report (AR21-236E)](<https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/analysis-reports/ar21-236e>) which includes indicators of compromise (IOCs) to assist with Pulse Connect Secure investigations.\n\n#### NEVER MISS A BLOG\n\nGet the latest stories, expertise, and news about security today.\n\nSubscribe", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-08-12T17:13:25", "type": "rapid7blog", "title": "Popular Attack Surfaces, August 2021: What You Need to Know", "bulletinFamily": "info", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2020-1048", "CVE-2020-1300", "CVE-2020-1337", "CVE-2020-17001", "CVE-2020-17014", "CVE-2020-8260", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-1722", "CVE-2021-22937", "CVE-2021-24077", "CVE-2021-24088", "CVE-2021-26855", "CVE-2021-27065", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-35449", "CVE-2021-36942", "CVE-2021-36958", "CVE-2021-38085"], "modified": "2021-08-12T17:13:25", "id": "RAPID7BLOG:5CDF95FB2AC31414FD390E0E0A47E057", "href": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2021/08/12/popular-attack-surfaces-august-2021-what-you-need-to-know/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}], "securelist": [{"lastseen": "2021-11-26T12:37:38", "description": "\n\n * [IT threat evolution Q3 2021](<https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-q3-2021/104876/>)\n * **IT threat evolution in Q3 2021. PC statistics**\n * [IT threat evolution in Q3 2021. Mobile statistics](<https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-in-q3-2021-mobile-statistics/105020/>)\n\n_These statistics are based on detection verdicts of Kaspersky products received from users who consented to providing statistical data._\n\n## Quarterly figures\n\nAccording to Kaspersky Security Network, in Q3 2021:\n\n * Kaspersky solutions blocked 1,098,968,315 attacks from online resources across the globe.\n * Web Anti-Virus recognized 289,196,912 unique URLs as malicious.\n * Attempts to run malware for stealing money from online bank accounts were stopped on the computers of 104,257 unique users.\n * Ransomware attacks were defeated on the computers of 108,323 unique users.\n * Our File Anti-Virus detected 62,577,326 unique malicious and potentially unwanted objects.\n\n## Financial threats\n\n### Financial threat statistics\n\nIn Q3 2021, Kaspersky solutions blocked the launch of at least one piece of banking malware on the computers of 104,257 unique users.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by financial malware, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150303/01-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Geography of financial malware attacks**\n\n_To evaluate and compare the risk of being infected by banking Trojans and ATM/POS malware worldwide, for each country we calculated the share of users of Kaspersky products who faced this threat during the reporting period as a percentage of all users of our products in that country._\n\n_Geography of financial malware attacks, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150355/02-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries by share of attacked users**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Turkmenistan | 5.4 \n2 | Tajikistan | 3.7 \n3 | Afghanistan | 3.5 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 3.0 \n5 | Yemen | 1.9 \n6 | Kazakhstan | 1.6 \n7 | Paraguay | 1.6 \n8 | Sudan | 1.6 \n9 | Zimbabwe | 1.4 \n10 | Belarus | 1.1 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky product users (under 10,000)._ \n_** Unique users whose computers were targeted by financial malware as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n**Top 10 banking malware families**\n\n| Name | Verdicts | %* \n---|---|---|--- \n1 | Zbot | Trojan.Win32.Zbot | 17.7 \n2 | SpyEye | Trojan-Spy.Win32.SpyEye | 17.5 \n3 | CliptoShuffler | Trojan-Banker.Win32.CliptoShuffler | 9.6 \n4 | Trickster | Trojan.Win32.Trickster | 4.5 \n5 | RTM | Trojan-Banker.Win32.RTM | 3.6 \n6 | Nimnul | Virus.Win32.Nimnul | 3.0 \n7 | Gozi | Trojan-Banker.Win32.Gozi | 2.7 \n8 | Danabot | Trojan-Banker.Win32.Danabot | 2.4 \n9 | Tinba | Trojan-Banker.Win32.Tinba | 1.5 \n10 | Cridex | Backdoor.Win32.Cridex | 1.3 \n \n_* Unique users who encountered this malware family as a percentage of all users attacked by financial malware._\n\nIn Q3, the family ZeuS/Zbot (17.7%), as usual, became the most widespread family of bankers. Next came the SpyEye (17.5%) family, whose share doubled from 8.8% in the previous quarter. The Top 3 was rounded out by the CliptoShuffler family (9.6%) \u2014 one position and just 0.3 p.p. down. The families Trojan-Banker.Win32.Gozi (2.7%) and Trojan-Banker.Win32.Tinba (1.5%) have made it back into the Top 10 in Q3 \u2014 seventh and ninth places, respectively.\n\n## Ransomware programs\n\n### Quarterly trends and highlights\n\n#### Attack on Kaseya and the REvil story\n\nIn early July, the group REvil/Sodinokibi [attempted an attack](<https://securelist.com/revil-ransomware-attack-on-msp-companies/103075/>) on the remote administration software Kaseya VSA, compromising several managed services providers (MSP) who used this system. Thanks to this onslaught on the supply chain, the attackers were able to infect over one thousand of the compromised MSPs' client businesses. REvil's original $70 million ransom demand in exchange for decryption of all the users hit by the attack was soon moderated to 50 million.\n\nFollowing this massive attack, law enforcement agencies stepped up their attention to REvil, so by mid-July the gang turned off their Trojan infrastructure, suspended new infections and dropped out of sight. Meanwhile, Kaseya got a universal decryptor for all those affected by the attack. [According to](<https://helpdesk.kaseya.com/hc/en-gb/articles/4403440684689-Important-Notice-August-4th-2021>) Kaseya, it "did not pay a ransom \u2014 either directly or indirectly through a third party". Later [it emerged](<https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/ransomware-fbi-revil-decryption-key/2021/09/21/4a9417d0-f15f-11eb-a452-4da5fe48582d_story.html>) that the company got the decryptor and the key from the FBI.\n\nBut already in the first half of September, REvil was up and running again. [According to](<https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/revil-ransomware-is-back-in-full-attack-mode-and-leaking-data/>) the hacking forum XSS, the group's former public representative known as UNKN "disappeared", and the malware developers, failing to find him, waited awhile and restored the Trojan infrastructure from backups.\n\n#### The arrival of BlackMatter: DarkSide restored?\n\nAs we already wrote in our Q2 report, the group DarkSide folded its operations after their "too high-profile" attack on Colonial Pipeline. And now there is a "new" arrival known as BlackMatter, which, as its members [claim](<https://therecord.media/an-interview-with-blackmatter-a-new-ransomware-group-thats-learning-from-the-mistakes-of-darkside-and-revil>), represents the "best" of DarkSide, REvil and LockBit.\n\nFrom our analysis of the BlackMatter Trojan's executable we conclude that most likely it was built using DarkSide's source codes.\n\n#### Q3 closures\n\n * Europol and the Ukrainian police have [arrested](<https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/ransomware-gang-arrested-in-ukraine-europol's-support>) two members of an unnamed ransomware gang. The only detail made known is that the ransom demands amounted to \u20ac5 to \u20ac70 million.\n * Following its attack on Washington DC's Metropolitan Police Department, the group Babuk folded (or just suspended) its operations and published an archive containing the Trojan's source code, build tools and keys for some of the victims.\n * At the end of August, Ragnarok (not to be confused with RagnarLocker) suddenly called it a day, deleted all their victims' info from their portal and published the master key for decryption. The group gave no reasons for this course of action.\n\n#### Exploitation of vulnerabilities and new attack methods\n\n * The group HelloKitty used to distribute its ransomware by exploiting the vulnerability CVE-2019-7481 in SonicWall gateways.\n * Magniber and Vice Society penetrated the target systems by exploiting the vulnerabilities from the PrintNightmare family (CVE-2021-1675, CVE-2021-34527, CVE-2021-36958).\n * The group LockFile exploited ProxyShell vulnerabilities (CVE-2021-34473, CVE-2021-34523, CVE-2021-31207) to penetrate the victim's network; for lateral expansion they relied on the new PetitPotam attack that gained control of the domain controller.\n * The group Conti also used ProxyShell exploits for its attacks.\n\n### Number of new ransomware modifications\n\nIn Q3 2021, we detected 11 new ransomware families and 2,486 new modifications of this malware type.\n\n_Number of new ransomware modifications, Q3 2020 \u2014 Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150433/03-en-ru-es-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n## Number of users attacked by ransomware Trojans\n\nIn Q3 2021, Kaspersky products and technologies protected 108,323 users from ransomware attacks.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by ransomware Trojans, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150459/04-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n## Geography of ransomware attacks\n\n_Geography of attacks by ransomware Trojans, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150535/05-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries attacked by ransomware Trojans**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Bangladesh | 1.98 \n2 | Uzbekistan | 0.59 \n3 | Bolivia | 0.55 \n4 | Pakistan | 0.52 \n5 | Myanmar | 0.51 \n6 | China | 0.51 \n7 | Mozambique | 0.51 \n8 | Nepal | 0.48 \n9 | Indonesia | 0.47 \n10 | Egypt | 0.45 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 50,000). \n** Unique users attacked by ransomware Trojans as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n## Top 10 most common families of ransomware Trojans\n\n| **Name** | **Verdicts** | **%*** \n---|---|---|--- \n1 | Stop/Djvu | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Stop | 27.67% \n2 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Crypren | 17.37% \n3 | WannaCry | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Wanna | 11.84% \n4 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Gen | 7.78% \n5 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Encoder | 5.58% \n6 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Phny | 5.57% \n7 | PolyRansom/VirLock | Virus.Win32.Polyransom / Trojan-Ransom.Win32.PolyRansom | 2.65% \n8 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Agent | 2.04% \n9 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.MSIL.Encoder | 1.07% \n10 | (generic verdict) | Trojan-Ransom.Win32.Crypmod | 1.04% \n \n_* Unique Kaspersky users attacked by this family of ransomware Trojans as a percentage of all users attacked by such malware._\n\n## Miners\n\n### Number of new miner modifications\n\nIn Q3 2021, Kaspersky solutions detected 46,097 new modifications of miners.\n\n_Number of new miner modifications, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150605/06-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n### Number of users attacked by miners\n\nIn Q3, we detected attacks using miners on the computers of 322,131 unique users of Kaspersky products worldwide. And while during Q2 the number of attacked users gradually decreased, the trend was reversed in July and August 2021. With slightly over 140,000 unique users attacked by miners in July, the number of potential victims almost reached 150,000 in September.\n\n_Number of unique users attacked by miners, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150635/07-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n### Geography of miner attacks\n\n_Geography of miner attacks, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23150710/08-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries attacked by miners**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Ethiopia | 2.41 \n2 | Rwanda | 2.26 \n3 | Myanmar | 2.22 \n4 | Uzbekistan | 1.61 \n5 | Ecuador | 1.47 \n6 | Pakistan | 1.43 \n7 | Tanzania | 1.40 \n8 | Mozambique | 1.34 \n9 | Kazakhstan | 1.34 \n10 | Azerbaijan | 1.27 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few users of Kaspersky products (under 50,000). \n** Unique users attacked by miners as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n## Vulnerable applications used by cybercriminals during cyberattacks\n\n### Quarter highlights\n\nMuch clamor was caused in Q3 by a whole new family of vulnerabilities in Microsoft Windows printing subsystem, one already known to the media as PrintNightmare: [CVE-2021-1640](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1640>), [CVE-2021-26878](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26878>), [CVE-2021-1675](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-1675>), [CVE-2021-34527](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34527>), [CVE-2021-36936](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36936>), [CVE-2021-36947](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-36947>), [CVE-2021-34483](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34483>). All those vulnerabilities allow for local escalation of privileges or remote execution of commands with system rights and, as they require next to nothing for exploitation, they are often used by popular mass infection tools. To fix them, several Microsoft patches are required.\n\nThe vulnerability known as PetitPotam proved no less troublesome. It allows an unprivileged user to take control of a Windows domain computer \u2014 or even a domain controller \u2014 provided the Active Directory certificate service is present and active.\n\nIn the newest OS Windows 11, even before its official release, the vulnerability [CVE-2021-36934](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34483>) was detected and dubbed HiveNightmare/SeriousSam. It allows an unprivileged user to copy all the registry threads, including SAM, through the shadow copy mechanism, potentially exposing passwords and other critical data.\n\nIn Q3, attackers greatly favored exploits targeting the vulnerabilities ProxyToken, ProxyShell and ProxyOracle ([CVE-2021-31207](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>), [CVE-2021-34473](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-34473>), [CVE-2021-31207](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31207>), [CVE-2021-33766](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-33766>), [CVE-2021-31195](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31195>), [CVE-2021-31196](<https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2021-31196>)). If exploited in combination, these open full control of mail servers managed by Microsoft Exchange Server. We already covered [similar vulnerabilities](<https://securelist.com/zero-day-vulnerabilities-in-microsoft-exchange-server/101096/>) \u2014 for instance, they were used in a HAFNIUM attack, also targeting Microsoft Exchange Server.\n\nAs before, server attacks relying on brute-forcing of passwords to various network services, such as MS SQL, RDP, etc., stand out among Q3 2021 network threats. Attacks using the exploits EternalBlue, EternalRomance and similar are as popular as ever. Among the new ones is the grim vulnerability enabling remote code execution when processing the Object-Graph Navigation Language in the product Atlassian Confluence Server ([CVE-2021-26084](<https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/CONFSERVER-67940>)) often used in various corporate environments. Also, Pulse Connect Secure was found to contain the vulnerability [CVE-2021-22937](<https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22937>), which however requires the administrator password for it to be exploited.\n\n### Statistics\n\nAs before, exploits for Microsoft Office vulnerabilities are still leading the pack in Q3 2021 (60,68%). These are popular due to the large body of users, most of whom still use older versions of the software, thus making the attackers' job much easier. The share of Microsoft Office exploits increased by almost 5 p.p. from the previous quarter. Among other things, it was due to the fact that the new vulnerability [CVE-2021-40444](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-40444>) was discovered in the wild, instantly employed to compromise user machines. The attacker can exploit it by using the standard functionality that allows office documents to download templates, implemented with the help of special ActiveX components. There is no proper validation of the processed data during the operation, so any malicious code can be downloaded. As you are reading this, the relevant security update is already available.\n\nThe way individual Microsoft Office vulnerabilities are ranked by the number of detections does not change much with time: the first positions are still shared by [CVE-2018-0802](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-0802>) and [CVE-2017-8570](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-8570>), with another popular vulnerability [CVE-2017-11882](<https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2017-11882>) not far behind. We already covered these many times \u2014 all the above-mentioned vulnerabilities execute commands on behalf of the user and infect the system.\n\n_Distribution of exploits used by cybercriminals, by type of attacked application, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151038/09-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\nThe share of exploits for the popular browsers fell by 3 p.p. from the previous reporting period to 25.57% in Q3. In the three months covered by the report several vulnerabilities were discovered in Google Chrome browser and its script engine V8 \u2014 some of them in the wild. Among these, the following JavaScript engine vulnerabilities stand out: [CVE-2021-30563](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) (type confusion error corrupting the heap memory), [CVE-2021-30632](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) (out-of-bounds write in V8) and [CVE-2021-30633](<https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2021/09/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html>) (use-after-free in Indexed DB). All these can potentially allow remote execution of code. But it should be remembered that for modern browsers a chain of several exploits is often required to leave the sandbox and secure broader privileges in the system. It should also be noted that with Google Chromium codebase (in particular the Blink component and V8) being used in many browsers, any newly detected Google Chrome vulnerability automatically makes other browsers built with its open codebase vulnerable.\n\nThe third place if held by Google Android vulnerabilities (5.36%) \u2014 1 p.p. down from the previous period. They are followed by exploits for Adobe Flash (3.41%), their share gradually decreasing. The platform is no longer supported but is still favored by users, which is reflected in our statistics.\n\nOur ranking is rounded out by vulnerabilities for Java (2.98%), its share also noticeably lower, and Adobe PDF (1.98%).\n\n## Attacks on macOS\n\nWe will remember Q3 2021 for the two interesting revelations. The first one is the use of [malware code targeting macOS](<https://securelist.com/wildpressure-targets-macos/103072/>) as part of the WildPressure campaign. The second is the detailed [review of the previously unknown FinSpy implants](<https://securelist.com/finspy-unseen-findings/104322/>) for macOS.\n\nSpeaking of the most widespread threats detected by Kaspersky security solutions for macOS, most of our Top 20 ranking positions are occupied by various adware apps. Among the noteworthy ones is Monitor.OSX.HistGrabber.b (second place on the list) \u2014 this potentially unwanted software sends user browser history to its owners' servers.\n\n**Top 20 threats for macOS**\n\n| **Verdict** | **%*** \n---|---|--- \n1 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.j | 13.22 \n2 | Monitor.OSX.HistGrabber.b | 11.19 \n3 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.ac | 10.31 \n4 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.o | 9.32 \n5 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.at | 7.43 \n6 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Shlayer.a | 7.22 \n7 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.gen | 6.41 \n8 | AdWare.OSX.Cimpli.m | 6.29 \n9 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.bg | 6.13 \n10 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.ae | 5.96 \n11 | AdWare.OSX.Agent.gen | 5.65 \n12 | AdWare.OSX.Pirrit.aa | 5.39 \n13 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Agent.h | 4.49 \n14 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.ay | 4.18 \n15 | AdWare.OSX.Ketin.gen | 3.56 \n16 | AdWare.OSX.Ketin.h | 3.46 \n17 | Backdoor.OSX.Agent.z | 3.45 \n18 | Trojan-Downloader.OSX.Lador.a | 3.06 \n19 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.t | 2.80 \n20 | AdWare.OSX.Bnodlero.ax | 2.64 \n \n_* Unique users who encountered this malware as a percentage of all users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS who were attacked._\n\n### Geography of threats for macOS\n\n_Geography of threats for macOS, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151108/10-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n**Top 10 countries by share of attacked users**\n\n| **Country*** | **%**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | France | 3.05 \n2 | Spain | 2.85 \n3 | India | 2.70 \n4 | Mexico | 2.59 \n5 | Canada | 2.52 \n6 | Italy | 2.42 \n7 | United States | 2.37 \n8 | Australia | 2.23 \n9 | Brazil | 2.21 \n10 | United Kingdom | 2.12 \n \n_* Excluded from the rating are countries with relatively few users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS (under 10,000). \n** Unique users attacked as a percentage of all users of Kaspersky security solutions for macOS in the country._\n\nIn Q3 2021, France took the lead having the greatest percentage of attacks on users of Kaspersky security solutions (3.05%), with the potentially unwanted software Monitor.OSX.HistGrabber being the prevalent threat there. Spain and India came in second and third, with the Pirrit family adware as their prevalent threat.\n\n## IoT attacks\n\n### IoT threat statistics\n\nIn Q3 2021, most of the devices that attacked Kaspersky honeypots did so using the Telnet protocol. Just less than a quarter of all devices attempted brute-forcing our traps via SSH.\n\nTelnet | 76.55% \n---|--- \nSSH | 23.45% \n \n_Distribution of attacked services by number of unique IP addresses of devices that carried out attacks, Q3 2021_\n\nThe statistics for working sessions with Kaspersky honeypots show similar Telnet dominance.\n\nTelnet | 84.29% \n---|--- \nSSH | 15.71% \n \n_Distribution of cybercriminal working sessions with Kaspersky traps, Q3 2021_\n\n**Top 10 threats delivered to IoT devices via Telnet**\n\n| **Verdict** | **%*** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.b | 39.48 \n2 | Trojan-Downloader.Linux.NyaDrop.b | 20.67 \n3 | Backdoor.Linux.Agent.bc | 10.00 \n4 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.ba | 8.65 \n5 | Trojan-Downloader.Shell.Agent.p | 3.50 \n6 | Backdoor.Linux.Gafgyt.a | 2.52 \n7 | RiskTool.Linux.BitCoinMiner.b | 1.69 \n8 | Backdoor.Linux.Ssh.a | 1.23 \n9 | Backdoor.Linux.Mirai.ad | 1.20 \n10 | HackTool.Linux.Sshbru.s | 1.12 \n \n_* Share of each threat delivered to infected devices as a result of a successful Telnet attack out of the total number of delivered threats._\n\nDetailed IoT threat statistics are published in our Q3 2021 DDoS report: <https://securelist.com/ddos-attacks-in-q3-2021/104796/#attacks-on-iot-honeypots>\n\n## Attacks via web resources\n\n_The statistics in this section are based on Web Anti-Virus, which protects users when malicious objects are downloaded from malicious/infected web pages. Cybercriminals create such sites on purpose and web resources with user-created content (for example, forums), as well as hacked legitimate resources, can be infected._\n\n### Countries that serve as sources of web-based attacks: Top 10\n\n_The following statistics show the distribution by country of the sources of Internet attacks blocked by Kaspersky products on user computers (web pages with redirects to exploits, sites hosting malicious programs, botnet C&C centers, etc.). Any unique host could be the source of one or more web-based attacks._\n\n_To determine the geographic source of web attacks, the GeoIP technique was used to match the domain name to the real IP address at which the domain is hosted._\n\nIn Q3 2021, Kaspersky solutions blocked 1,098,968,315 attacks launched from online resources located across the globe. Web Anti-Virus recognized 289,196,912 unique URLs as malicious.\n\n_Distribution of web-attack sources by country, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151328/13-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs-1.png>))_\n\n### Countries where users faced the greatest risk of online infection\n\nTo assess the risk of online infection faced by users in different countries, for each country we calculated the percentage of Kaspersky users on whose computers Web Anti-Virus was triggered during the quarter. The resulting data provides an indication of the aggressiveness of the environment in which computers operate in different countries.\n\nThis rating only includes attacks by malicious programs that fall under the **Malware class**; it does not include Web Anti-Virus detections of potentially dangerous or unwanted programs such as RiskTool or adware.\n\n| **Country*** | **% of attacked users**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Tunisia | 27.15 \n2 | Syria | 17.19 \n3 | Yemen | 17.05 \n4 | Nepal | 15.27 \n5 | Algeria | 15.27 \n6 | Macao | 14.83 \n7 | Belarus | 14.50 \n8 | Moldova | 13.91 \n9 | Madagascar | 13.80 \n10 | Serbia | 13.48 \n11 | Libya | 13.13 \n12 | Mauritania | 13.06 \n13 | Mongolia | 13.06 \n14 | India | 12.89 \n15 | Palestine | 12.79 \n16 | Sri Lanka | 12.76 \n17 | Ukraine | 12.39 \n18 | Estonia | 11.61 \n19 | Tajikistan | 11.44 \n20 | Qatar | 11.14 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 10,000). \n** Unique users targeted by **Malware-class** attacks as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n_These statistics are based on detection verdicts by the Web Anti-Virus module that were received from users of Kaspersky products who consented to provide statistical data._\n\nOn average during the quarter, 8.72% of computers of Internet users worldwide were subjected to at least one **Malware-class** web attack.\n\n_Geography of web-based malware attacks, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151358/14-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\n## Local threats\n\n_In this section, we analyze statistical data obtained from the OAS and ODS modules in Kaspersky products. It takes into account malicious programs that were found directly on users' computers or removable media connected to them (flash drives, camera memory cards, phones, external hard drives), or which initially made their way onto the computer in non-open form (for example, programs in complex installers, encrypted files, etc.)._\n\nIn Q3 2021, our File Anti-Virus detected **62,577,326** malicious and potentially unwanted objects.\n\n### Countries where users faced the highest risk of local infection\n\nFor each country, we calculated the percentage of Kaspersky product users on whose computers File Anti-Virus was triggered during the reporting period. These statistics reflect the level of personal computer infection in different countries.\n\nNote that this rating only includes attacks by malicious programs that fall under the **Malware class**; it does not include File Anti-Virus triggers in response to potentially dangerous or unwanted programs, such as RiskTool or adware.\n\n| **Country*** | **% of attacked users**** \n---|---|--- \n1 | Turkmenistan | 47.42 \n2 | Yemen | 44.27 \n3 | Ethiopia | 42.57 \n4 | Tajikistan | 42.51 \n5 | Uzbekistan | 40.41 \n6 | South Sudan | 40.15 \n7 | Afghanistan | 40.07 \n8 | Cuba | 38.20 \n9 | Bangladesh | 36.49 \n10 | Myanmar | 35.96 \n11 | Venezuela | 35.20 \n12 | China | 35.16 \n13 | Syria | 34.64 \n14 | Madagascar | 33.49 \n15 | Rwanda | 33.06 \n16 | Sudan | 33.01 \n17 | Benin | 32.68 \n18 | Burundi | 31.88 \n19 | Laos | 31.70 \n20 | Cameroon | 31.28 \n \n_* Excluded are countries with relatively few Kaspersky users (under 10,000). \n** Unique users on whose computers **Malware-class** local threats were blocked, as a percentage of all unique users of Kaspersky products in the country._\n\n_Geography of local infection attempts, Q3 2021 ([download](<https://media.kasperskycontenthub.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2021/11/23151433/15-en-malware-report-q3-2021-pc-graphs.png>))_\n\nOn average worldwide, **Malware-class** local threats were recorded on 15.14% of users' computers at least once during the quarter. Russia scored 14.64% in this rating.", "cvss3": {"exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "cvssV3": {"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "userInteraction": "NONE", "version": "3.1"}, "impactScore": 5.9}, "published": "2021-11-26T12:00:36", "type": "securelist", "title": "IT threat evolution in Q3 2021. PC statistics", "bulletinFamily": "blog", "cvss2": {"severity": "HIGH", "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "userInteractionRequired": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "cvssV2": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "confidentialityImpact": "COMPLETE", "availabilityImpact": "COMPLETE", "integrityImpact": "COMPLETE", "baseScore": 10.0, "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C", "version": "2.0", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE"}, "acInsufInfo": false, "impactScore": 10.0, "obtainUserPrivilege": false}, "cvelist": ["CVE-2017-11882", "CVE-2017-8570", "CVE-2018-0802", "CVE-2019-7481", "CVE-2021-1640", "CVE-2021-1675", "CVE-2021-22937", "CVE-2021-26084", "CVE-2021-26878", "CVE-2021-30563", "CVE-2021-30632", "CVE-2021-30633", "CVE-2021-31195", "CVE-2021-31196", "CVE-2021-31207", "CVE-2021-33766", "CVE-2021-34473", "CVE-2021-34483", "CVE-2021-34523", "CVE-2021-34527", "CVE-2021-36934", "CVE-2021-36936", "CVE-2021-36947", "CVE-2021-36958", "CVE-2021-40444"], "modified": "2021-11-26T12:00:36", "id": "SECURELIST:C540EBB7FD8B7FB9E54E119E88DB5C48", "href": "https://securelist.com/it-threat-evolution-in-q3-2021-pc-statistics/104982/", "cvss": {"score": 10.0, "vector": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C"}}]}
CVE-2021-22937
